: " "

1385 :

Mobile Technologies -1
Zero Generation(0G)
First Generation(1G)
Second Generation(2G)
Third Generation(3G)
Fourth Generation(4G)

GSM -2

Mobile Station(MS)
Base Station Subsystem(BSS)
Network Subsystem(NSS)

Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Register(HLR) Visitor Location Register(VLR) Authentication Center (AuC) Equipment Identity Register Gateway Mobile Switching Center(GMSC) Base Station Subsystem (BSS)-3
Base Tarasciever Station(BTS)
Abis Mapping
Base Station Controller
Atermux Mapping
Transcoder(TC)

Abbrevisions-4


.
.
.
.

.

.
.
.


.

.
)(horns

.

. 1844 1876 . 1895
.
19632 .

.

.

.
.

.
GSM ) (Global System for Mobile Communication

BSS ) (Base Station Subsystem .
.

!
" "


.
-1 : .
PTT
MTS
-2 :

OLT
MTO

IMTS
AMTS

)Autotel(PALM
ARP

NMT
AMPS/TACS/ETACS
-3 :
GSM
iDEN

Hicap
CDPD

.
DAMPS
)IS-95(CDMA

PDC
CSD

PHS
GPRS

HSCSD
WiDEN

-4 : .
CDMA2000
EDGE
HSCSD

W-CDMA
UMTS
HSUPA

FOMA
TD-CDMA

TD-SCDMA
GAN/UMA

-5 : .
UMB


.

)(Zero Generation


.

: (Press to Transmit) PTT

" "half duplex
.
: (Mobile Telephony System) MTS
operator
operator operator .
1946 1980 IMTS .
(improved Mobile telephony system:) IMTS
operator. .
. UHF VHF highVHF pager .
: (Advanced Mobile Telephony System)AMTS
.
900 MHz.
:(Ofentlig Land mobile Telephone)OLT
PLMN 1966 1990
NMT . OLT ( 160MHz) VHF FM .
: (Mobile leforus system D) MTD
450MHz . 1971
1987 .
:(Public Automated Land Mobile) (PALM) Autotel
VHF
.
:(Auto Radio Puhelin) ARP
Car Radiophone .
. 1971 2000 NMT900
. ARP 150MHz.

 )(First Generation
.
:(Nordic Mobile Telephoni) NMT
fully duplex

. 400 MHz 900 MHz
NMT450 NMT900 . 1985
.
:(Advanced Mobile Phone System) AMPS/TACS/ETACS
1983 ETACS
(Total Access communication system )TACS ETACS .
.
. AMPS D-AMPS CDMA
.
:Hicap
25 .
FDMA .
: (Cellular Digital Packet Data) CDPD
.
800KHz 900KHz.

)(Second Generation
.
: (Global System for Mobile Communication) GSM
GSM .
: (integrated Digital Enhanced Network) iDEN
) (Motorola .

 TDMA ) (Time Division Multiple Access .

(Digital AMPS) D-AMPS
AMPS TDMA
.
IS-95 (Interim Standard) CDMA
CDMA .
Qualcom . CDMA-One .
cell
TDMA.
(Personal Digital Cellular) PDC
TDMA .
800 MHz 1500 MHz.
(Circuit Switched Data)CSD
.
(Personal handy Phone System) PHS
( 1880 - 1930 )MHz
.
.
(General Packet Radio Service) GPRS
GSM IS-136 .
SMS WAP MMS internet . TDMA
TCH . 9-170 Kbps .
( High Speed Circuit Switched Data) HSCSD
CSD
.
CSD 9.6Kbps HSCSD
14.4Kbps .
(Wideband iDEN) WiDEN
software iDEN 60Kbps.

 )(Third Generation
WAP MMS

.

CDMA2000
CDMA .
2100MHz 1900MHz 1800MHz 1700MHz 900MHz 800MHz 400MHz
(Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) EDGE
GSM .
2.75G GPRS
.
(Wideband CDMA) W-CDMA
FOMA UMTS
W-CDMA . CDMA2000 .
5MHz Chip rate. 3.84Mcps.
:Chip rate CDMA.
:Byte rate TDMA.
(Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) UMTS
UMTS W-CDMA 14Mbps.
.
(Freedom of mobile Multimedia Access) FOMA
FOMA W-CDMA 2001 .
(Time Division CDMA) UMTS-TDD / TD-CDMA
.
.

(Generic Access Network)/ (Unlicensed Mobile Access) GAN/ UMA

Unlicensed 2005 3GPP
.
(High Speed Downlink Packet access) HSDPA
UMTS (CS) coding scheme
14.4Mbps .
(High Speed OFDM Packet Access) HSOPA
UMTS Super 3G.
HSDPA HSUPA 1.25MHz 200MHz
. 50MHz 100MHz .

)( Fourth Generation
. UMB .

(Ultra Mobile Bandwidth) UMB
CDMA2000 OFDMA
280Mbps. 2007 2009
.

GSM BSS GSM

. BSS

GSM
)(Global System for Mobile Communication

GSM 2 212
GSM.
Group Special Mobile . 1988 Oy Radiolina
Ab 1989 European Telecommunication )ETSI
(Standards Institute .

 GSM . 900MHz 1800MHz

850MHz 1900MHz
.
900MHz 1800MHz
4

400MHz 450MHz .
900MHz Uplink ( 890 -915)MHz
Downlink (935-960)MHz.
25MHz 124 ) ( Carrier
) 200KHz (Bandwidth . 200KHz 8 Traffic Channel Burst
Time Division Multiple Access . 8 Burst TDMA
Frame 4.615ms.

ARFCN TDMA Frame 200 KHz .

10

 GSM Base Station

Subsystem Network Subsystem.

. SIM Subscriber
Identity Module .

11

(MS) The Mobile Station

.
(ME)Mobile Equipment
(SIM)Subscriber Identity Module
. SIM
. SIM
(The International Mobile Subscriber Identity) IMSI . MS ISDN Authentication center AUC International Mobile IMEI ME Mobile Equipment
. Equipment Identity Register EIR Equipment Identity

BSS
(The Base Station Sub-System)

GSM ( Base Station Subsystem) BSS

MS Network subsystem NSS ( )
operation and call call BSS . Mobile Station
. maintenance"

BSS
(Base Station Controller) BTS Base Transceiver Station BTS -

12

 BTS :
-

.MS
.

BSC :
-

) (channel )(call
:
. BTS .MS handover MS .

)( coverage BTS .

BSS Network Topologies

) (BSS
BSS :
):( chain
-

.
link BTS .

):(Ring
-

link .
.
.

):(Star
-

GSM
BTS link .
link BTS BSC .

13

)Network Switching System (NSS

NSS :
MSC Mobile Switching Center:-

(Visitor Location Register)VLR

(Home Location Register)HLR
(Authentication Center)AuC

EIR Equipment Identity Register GMSC Gateway MSC SS7 .

:MSC
-

call call .call

ISDN PSTN .PSPDN
.
BSC.
Billing .Charging

(Visitor Location Register)VLR

-

MSC VLR.
MSC .
:
IMSI MSISDN MSRN TMSILAI -

14

(Home Location Register)HLR

.
. ( MSCVLR ). IMSI MS ISDN AuC .
HLR
.

(Gateway MSC) GMSC

. HLR . MSC
GMSC .

(Equipment Identity Register)EIR

) (Mobile Equipment
IMEI
.
EIR
.

15

: .

: .

ME
GSM .

BSS
BSS )(Base Station Subsystem GSM
) ( NSS Network subsystem MS
Mobile Station. BSS call call operation and
"maintenance .
BSS .
BTS -1

BSC -2

TC -3

-4 )(equipment.

Interface BSS .
A-bis Interface-2
(Um) air Interface -1

Ater Interface-4 A Interface- 3

: Um MS BTS.
: Abis BTS BSC.
: BSC MSC.
A
: Ater TC BSC.

BTS
BSS )( cells BTS
BTS . Um support BTS .
BSC . BTS Abis PCM 2048kbps BSC
BSC Ater MSC .

16

 BTS .
Abis -1

SUM -2

TRE -3

AN -4

Abis-1
Abis BTS BSC BTS
2mm PCM .
Abis mapping TRE mapping
.

SUM -2
SUM Station Unit Module BTS .
BTS .
.
:Clocks Synchronization .
: OMU Operation and Maintenance Unit SUM
Operation and Maintenance BSC
BTS .
BIE

: Base Station interface Unit SUM

Abis BSC.

(Transceiver Equipment) TRE -3

BTS .

17

 TRE BTS BTS . BTS MBO2MBO1

MBI5 TRE 6 8 TRE 12.
(Antenna Network) AN -4
AN TRE Feeder
GSM .
(Sectors ) GSM . 3 3
. 2 feeder )
( .

BTS TRE . BTS Outdoor

BTS Indoor BTS Micro BTS BTS . TRE
.

: MBI5
BTS BTS Shelter TRE 12.
BTS / TRE ) (Duplexer/Combiner.
/ 4TRE ) (
.

18

sector2

sector1

sector3

Duplexer/Combiner

T
R
E

T
R
E

T
R
E

Duplexer/Combiner

T
R
E

T
R
E

T
R
E

T
R
E

Duplexer/Combiner

T
R
E

T
R
E

T
R
E

T
R
E

T
R
E

TRE Duplexer/Combiner
TRE TRE
TRE
Duplexer/Combiner TRE .
:MBO2
BTS BTS 3x4 12TRE.

19

:MBO1
BTS Outdoor 6TRE 3 Duplexer/Combiner.
:MicroBTS
BTS BTS 2TRE
.
BTS dc -48V .
BTS Abis BSC
Abis .

Abis Mapping
BTS Abis PCM Pulse Code Modulation BSC

)32 TS (64Kbps each TS

Abis

BSC

BTS

)PCM(2048Kbps

PCM 2048Kbps 32TS . TS 64Kbps

.
TRE Abis BTS BSC .
TRE 8TCH ) 4 TCH 16Kbps TCH
(.

20

 8TCH Signaling RSL

TRE BTS BSC . BTS TS OML
Abis BSC .
PCM Synchronization
. 16 PCM OML
.
OML 64Kbps 16Kbps
RSL Abis .

RSL Abis TRE RSL 64Kbps 16Kbps

TCH .

OML 4RSL .

2TS TRX RSL OML

Abis TCH TRX TRX BTS .
.

21

: 16K Static multiplexing -

RSL 4 .

: 64K Statistical multiplexing RSL 4 OML .

: 16K Statistical multiplexing RSL 4 OML TCH TRX ). TCH
TRE .
TRX .

BSC G2.

BTS TRE 10 No Multiplexing

.

)64Kbps One PCM(32 TS

1 TCH = 16 Kbps
TRE TSs
OML TSs
RSL TSs
Not Used

22

. Abis 10TRX
16K 16K Static multiplexing64K Statistical multiplexing
. 12TRX BTS Statistical multiplexing
16K Static multiplexing

64Kbps One PCM(32 TS)

1 TCH =16 Kbps=1 RSL

TRE TSs
OML TSs
RSL TSs
Not Used

64K Statistical multiplexing

64Kbps One PCM(32 TS)

TRE TSs
OML TSs

. TS RSL OML
. Abis RSL 3TS OML

RSL TSs
Not Used

23

 TRX
) 2 TRX ( RSL
. 13TRE .
16K Statistical multiplexing
OML Multiplexing RSL TCH TRE
TS .

)64Kbps One PCM (32 TS

TRE TSs
OML TSs

TCH 12TRX
OML RSL .

RSL TSs

11 TRX TCH
RSL .

Not Used

3 TRX
. 15TRE Full Rate
. 30TS 32TS TRE RSL OML
Abis ) (Transmission Path
.
BTS BSC .

BSC .

24

BSC
)(Base Station Controller

GSM BSC .

-

) (channel )(call
:
. BTS .MS handover MS .

BSC .
-

Abis TSU BTS .

Ater TSU TC
Common TSU
.

25

 Abis TSU BSC BSC

BSC G2 G2 BSC.
6 BSC configuration Conf. Rack .

BSC Conf.6 Rack )14 Abis TSU( BIUA

Abis TSU 32TRE .

26

 BSC BTS MSC

Ater Sub multiplexer Atermux
Highway Transcoder TC TC
MSC A MSC.
BTS BSC (Atermux) PCM Highway
TC 4PCM 4PCM MSC .

)Atermux (64Kbps
)A (each 64Kbps

MSC

T
C

BSC

27

 CIC ) ( BSC Conf.

Atermux .
Atermux .

:Atermux (Highway) Mapping

Atermux Ater
Remote AlarmX25 SS7 Qmux .
) ( .

PCM .
Qmux 16Kpbs SS7. PCM 64Kpbs
X25. 64Kpbs .
Kpbs .

28

29

 Kpbs ). PCM
Qmux 16Kpbs SS7 Remote alarm X25 64Kpbs (
:
-

) BSC (Rack Qmux Ater TSU

) (First two highway .

X25 Ater TSU ) ( H.W.

.

Alarm Octet DTCC Ater

TSU ) PCM(H.W. .

) Atermux(H.W. SS7 .

: CIC
Alarm OctetSS7X25 Qmux CIC(Voice 111 TCH.
Alarm OctetSS7 Qmux )CIC(Voice TCH 115) ). 4 CIC X25 (
-

Qmux ) SS7 Alarm Octet (

CIC 116. CIC Qmux .

30

TC
)(Transcoder

TC

4PCM PCM A .
TC G2.5 TC.
TC ) (Rack 4 12) (Card
MT120 48MT120 .
BSC TC MT120 . 48
192 A .
BSC TC 6 BSC
6 MT120 ) Qmux Qmux
Cluster ( . TSC .

MT120 16Kpbs 64Kpbs

MT120. 4 TRCU
64Kpbs<--> 16Kpbs.

31

 DT16 16 ATBX Atermux

A A Atermux . DT16
ATBX.

TC .

32


The End

33

(Abbrevisions)

ABB.
GSM
BSS
PTT
MTS
IMTS
AMTS
OLT
MTD
ARP
PALM
NMT
CDPD
TACS
ETACS
AMPS
iDEN
DAMPS
CDMA
IS-95
PDC
CSD
PHS
GPRS
HSCSD
WiDEN
EDGE
W-CDMA
HSOPA
HSDPA
HSUPA
UMTS
FOMA
TD-CDMA
TDSCDMA
UMA/GAN
UMB
VHF
UHF
TDMA
SMS
WAP
MMS
TCH
ETSI

34

DESCRIPTION
Global system for mobile communication
Base Station Subsytem
Push to talk
Mobile Telephony System
Improved Mobile Telephony System
Advanced Mobile Telephony System
Ofentlig Land mobile Telephone
Mobile leforus system D
Auto Radio Puhelin
Public Automated Land Mobile
Nordic Mobile Telephoni
Cellular Digital Packet Data
Total Access Communication system
European TACS
Advanced Mobile Phone System
integrated Digital Enhanced Network
Digital AMPS
Code Division Multiple Access
Interim Standard - 95
Personal Digital Cellular
Circuit Switched Data
Personal handy Phone System
General Packet Radio Service
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
Wideband iDEN
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
Wideband CDMA
High Speed OFDM Packet Access
High Speed Downlink Packet access
High Speed Uplink Packet access
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

Freedom of mobile Multimedia Access

Time Division CDMA
Time Division-Synchronous CDMA
Unlicensed Mobile Access/Generic Access Network
Ultra Mobile Bandwidth
Very High Frequency
Ultra High Frequency
Time Division Multiple Access
Short Message Service
Wirless Application Protocol
Multimedia Message Service
Traffic Channel
Eourpean Telecommunication Standards Institute

ARFCN
MS
BTS
TRE
TRX
BSC
VLR
HLR
MSC
OMC
EIR
AuC
PSTN
SIM
MT
ME
TE
IMSI
MS ISDN
GMSC
SS7
ISDN
PSPDN
MSRN
TMSI
LAI
TC
AN
SUMA
BIE
OMU
SUM
MBI5
MBO1
MBO2
DC
AC
TS
PCM
RSL
OML
HR
FR
TSU
TSL
TSCA
CPRC
BIUA
TCUC
AS
DTCC
ASMB

35

Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number

Mobile Station
Base Transciever Station
Transciever Equipment
Transreciever
Base Station Controller
Visitor Location Register
Home Location Register
Mobile Switching Center
Operation and maintenance Center
Equipment Identity Register
Authentication Center
Public Switched Telephone Network
Subscriber Identity Module
Mobile Terminal
Mobile Equipment
Terminal Equipment
International Mobile Subscriber Identity
Mobile Subscriber ISDN
Gatway Mobile Switching Center
Signalling System #7
Integrated Services Data Network
Packet Switched Public Data Network
Mobil Station Roaming Network
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
Location Area Identity
Transcoder
Antenna Network
Station Unit Module type A
Base Interface Equipment
Operation and maintenance unit
Station Unit Module
Midi BTS Indoor 5
Midi BTS Outdoor 1
Midi BTS Outdoor 2
Direct current
Alternating Current
Time Slot
Pulse Code Modulation
Radio Signalling Link
Operation and Maintenance Link
Half Rate
Full Rate
Terminal Subunit
Terminal Subunit Link
Transmission Subsystem Controller A
Common Processor type A
Base Station Interface Unit type A
TRX Control Unit type C
Access Switch
Digital Trunk Controller type C
Ater Submultiplexer B

G2
GS
TRAU
DTC
CIC
X25
Qmux
MT120
DT16
ATBX
TRCU
TRU
FANU

36

Generation 2
Group Switch
Transcoder and Adapter Rate Unit
Digital Trunk Controller
Circuit Identity Code
A signalling TS used for Monitoring of BSC at OMC
A signalling TCH used for Transmission link
Monitorin
Multiplexing 120 TCH
a board used to convert 16K<-->64K
Alcatel Braching and Switching Board
Transcoder Unit
Top Rack Unit
FAN Unit