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1)
Osteosarcoma: generally with malignant tumors the examiner will mention parasthesia
if it is affecting area containing a nerve like angle of mandible and L L.A.Nerve.
The criteria here are: A rapid growing, R.L. ill-defined having
-sunray appearance causing parasthesia.
2)
3)
12)
-
13)
-
14)
Difference between ANUG & AHGS:ANUG occur in dental papilla & AHGS diffuse erythemous inflamed gingiva
ANUG occur in young adult & AHGS occur in children.
- Pt. came to the clinic complaining from pain related to swelling on maxillary central
incisor area with vital to under percussion.
15)
Cherbuism: Painless, bilateral swelling of mandible which is firm, multiple R.L. in
early childhood.
16)
Sialolithiasis : or salivary gland duct stone or calculus : they will
mention that there is a discomfort in the floor of mouth or the check which moves while
eating
17)
Hyperparathyroidism: Multiple fractures, multiple radiolucencies at the angle of
mandible, usually associated with Renal Failure.
18)
Acute osteomyelitis: moth eaten appearance.
19)
Chronic osteomyelitis: cotton wool appearance or onion peal appearance.
20)
Epstein's pearl: -in new born affecting the mid palatine raphe only
-mostly in the connection between the junction of soft and hard palate.
21)
Bohn's nodule : remnant of Salivary glands Buccal or lingual mucosa
- if occurring at the hard palate it will not occur in the mid palatine raphe
22)
Dental lamina of newborn: at alveolar ridge of new born, which is proliferation
of rest of serres.
23)
Congenital epulis of newborn: mostly at maxillary anterior area, it interferes
with feeding or respiration and requires excision and rarely recurrent 8:1 in females.
24)
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor: black-blue discolored rapid growing
swelling, the x-ray shows unilocular radiolucency and displaced tooth bud
Syndromes
1)
Ectodermal dysplasia:
- looking old patient,
- with hair loss or faint hair
- and having missing teeth.
2)
Cledocranial dysplasia:
- clavicle is missing or underdeveloped leading to shoulders can be bending toward
each other's
- The patient looks smaller than his relatives and shorter than his relatives,
-having supernumery teeth so many impactions,
-open skull sutures and plugging forehead.
3)
4)
Albright :
6)
Paget's:
- the patient have high level of potassium sulphate so: he has hypercementosis,
9)
Papillion le fever:
Cementum in cervical
2
3
24)
Modified stillman used with edematous , inflamed , loss of contour , &
progressive recession .
- Type of brushing bristles works as active part.(bass)
25)
Most common method of burshing is Scrub.
26)
Charter brushing is recommended after periodontal surgery.
27)
Chontraindication of gingivectomy suprabony pdl abscess.
28)
Apicectomy surgical removal of apical portion of root , amputation removal of
one or more roots , hemisection root & crown cut length wise.
29)
Lava flowing around boulder's is charactrestic to histological feature of type 1
dentin dysplasia.
30)
Body defend itself by antibodies from B lymphocytes.
31)
PMNL cells present in acute infection , while chronic lymphocytes.
32)
Conduction faster in mylinated nerves than unmylinated.
33)
Submandibular gland duct is Wharton duct. But parotid is stenssons duct.
34)
Punch is the most common oral biopsy.
35)
Ranula is associated with sublingual salivary gland & treated by
marsupialization.
36)
Cyst acc to WHO recent classification become tumor: Keratocyst.
37)
Early change result of radiation therapy of oral mucosa is mucositis.
38)
Salivary calculi is the common disease affect submandibular salivary gland.
39)
Pleomorphic adenoma is the most benign tumor of salivary gland.
40)
Fibroma is The most common benign tumor of oral cavity .
41)
Radicular or Periapical cyst is the most common oral cyst.
42)
Mucocele The best ttt. is: Excision.
43)
Pt. who work in glass factories have silicosis.
44)
Herpetic ulcer common in attached mucosa & hard palate , while aphtous ulcer
common in linning mucosa.
45)
Tetracycline cause brownish discoloration in all teeth & appear yellowish with
UV light.
46)
Syphilis 1st appear as ulcer.
47)
The spaces are bilaterally involved in ludwig's angina submental , sublingual ,
& submandibular.
48)
Dilantin (phynotoin ) don't give with metronidazole.
49)
Isolated pocket in:- Vertical root fracture
- Palate gingival groove
- Endo origin lesion
50)
Grafts : condyle : post chondral graft
Child for alveolar process: iliac crest
3 wall defects in adult: mixed cortical and cancellous from his own intraoral mixed
with his blood.
51)
Auto graft or autogenous: from same person.
Allogenous from same species
but another person and treated, xenograft is from povine or any other species.
52)
The nerve supply of tongue
a- Anterior
facial
b- Posterior
53)
54)
2
3
1
3
c- Motor hypoglossal
Components of cell:a- Mitochondria >>> ATP production
b- Ribosome >>>manufacture of proteins
c- Golgi apparatus >>> sorting of protein
Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing particles.
6
55)
Chemotaxis is attraction of neutrophils to site of local injury.
56)
Diapedesis is the movement of polymorphic cells in gaps of intracellular to
blood capillary outside.
57)
In diabetic pt. , peridontium affected by neutrophil.
58)
Disinfection of HBV :-formaldhyde
-sodium hypochloride
-chlorohexidine
-iodophor
59)
Metaplasia: an initial change from normal cells to a different cell type (such as
chronic irritation of cigarette smoke causing ciliated pseudo stratified epithelium to
be replaced by squamous epithelium more able to withstand the insult.
60)
Dysplasia: an increasing degree of disordered growth or maturation of the
tissue (often thought to precede neoplasia) such as cervical dysplasia as a result of
human papillomavirus infection. Dysplasia is still a reversible process. However, once
the transformation to neoplasia has been made, the process is not reversible.
61)
Etiological factors: The study of causes or origins or the branch of medicine
that deals with the causes or origins of disease.
62)
A risk factor is any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that
increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. Some examples of the
more important risk factors are underweight, unsafe sex, high blood pressure,
tobacco and alcohol consumption and unsafe water sanitation and hygiene.
63)
Epidemiological studies: search for the causes of diseases, based on
associations with various risk factors that are measured in the study. In addition to
the exposures that the study is investigating, there may be other factors that is
associated with the exposure and independently affects the risk of developing the
disease.
64)
Confounding factors (variables): is distorting factors if the prevalence of these
other factors differ between groups being compared, they will distort the observed
association between the disease and exposure under study.
65)
Hypothetical Example of Confounding factor:
a study of coffee drinking and lung cancer. If coffee drinkers were also more likely to
be cigarette smokers, and the study measured coffee drinking but not smoking, the
results may seem to show that coffee drinking increases the risk of lung cancer,
which may not be true. However, if a confounding factor (in this example, smoking)
is recognized, adjustments can be made in the study design or data analysis so that
the factor does not confound the study results.
66)
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution & determinant of disease in man
67)
Anticholinergic as atropine used to decrease salivation , antidepressant &
antihistamine, & cardiovascular medications decrease salivation.
68)
Bacteria method to form biofilm is called: signaling, and after plaque
accumulation the next step is to colonize, the next step is maturation.
69)
Fibroblasts are the cells responsible for remodeling during orthotreatment.
70)
Mandible originates from 1st arch but tongue from mandibular arch and
tuberculum Kampar.
71)
Blood supply of palate from
a- Greater palatine>>> hard palate
b- Lesser palatine >>> soft palate
c- Long spheno palatine >>> ant. Part of hard palate
72)
Condylar growth is by deposition (apposition) endochondreal(long bone) and
skull is by endochondreal and intermembranous deposition & flat bone by
intramembranous. maxilla growth pattern is downward and forward
(intramembranous), and deposition in the tuberosity pushing forward also
,mandible intramembranous & endochondral.
73)
Mandibular growth just before maxilla.
7
74)
Drug used to eliminate angina diltiazem , while prevention by transdermal
nitroglycerin.
75)
Tetracycline will be impaired with pencillin.
76)
Fluconazole 50 mg treat systemic candida , nystatin treat local , &
amphotrecin treat life threating cases.
77)
U- shaped radiopaque at max. 1st molar area is zygomatic process , while
radiolucency in the same area is antrum.
78)
The image show disk position & morphology of TMJ bone
MRI.
79)
80)
Disk perforation
Arthrography (CT after injection of a high contrast fluid)
81)
Radiograph show condylar head orientation & facial symmetry
Reverse town.
82)
Bilateral condylar fracture reverse town.
83)
In case of fracture of the ramus of the mandible, to evaluate if fracture
favorable or unfavorable :30 degree oblique radiograph.
84)
Photon Emission SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) for
Detection of condylar hyperplasia.
85)
At the begining of the operation day in the clinic, you should start the water/air
spray for three minutes in order to get rid of which type of microorganisms:
Streptococcus salivarius. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
86)
conditions is highly indicated for the short therapy of DOTS and is directly
observed once in the clinic: Tuberculosis.
87)
Some tests:
A- HIV: elissa test , but for grading HIV : CD4 t-helper cells
B- diaphteria hypersenstivity: shick test
B- C- Streptococus : Fermentation
C- Staph crocus: catalase
D- - P.Vulgaris: Immuno fluorescence
E- Virulent of bacteria: catalase.
Disease
Anug
Pericoronitis
Causative organism
Fusibacteria and spirochetes
Strepto. Malleri or mallery
Endocarditis
Caires
Ch. Sinusitis
Acute sinusitis
Osteomyelitis
In air water syringe
Diabetic periodontium affected by
Chronic inflammation cells
Acute inflammation cells
AB creation
1ry apical periodontitis
B-lymphocytes
Polymicrobial or microbial spa
Radiographic
examination
Spect ( photon Emission)
Arthrography
Submentovertex
Occipitomental
Reverse town
Waters view
Panoramic x-ray
PA view
Later ceph.
Lateral oblique
MRI
CT
Sialogram
AB
Penicillin ( b-lactam) :
Erythromycin ( macrolids)
Clindamycin and tetracycline
Gentamycin ( aminoglycosides )
Sulfonamides
Use
Condylar hyperplasia
TMj topography and perforation
Base of skull and zygoma analysis
For mid face fractures
Condylar and subcondyler area
fractures
analysis of sinuses & mid face
fractures
For whole teeth analysis
Vertical fracture displacement
Orthodontics
Horizontal displacement of
fractures and ramus, body of
mandible tumors analysis
Soft tissue and hard tissue but
show soft tissue better , than CT
and CT is better in hard structures
Hard tissue study
Salivary glands study
Mode of action
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Bacteriostatic ( inhibit bacterial
growth)
Inhibit protein synthesis
Bactericidal ( kill bacteria direct)
Antimetabolites inhibit folic acid and
PABA , but it causes aplastic
anemia to the patient
Surgery
9
1)
Walsham's forceps: for nasal fracture treatment, and if nasal bone is deviated it will
10
Operative
1)
2)
3)
4)
17)
Reparative dentin ( 3ry dentin)
-produced by 2ry odontoblast in response to stimuli
-irregular &fast
-found at site of irritation
-in direct pulp capping
-moderete irritation to pulp (caries)
-erosion
18)
2ry dentin
19)
Sclerotic dentin
-due to age
-mild irritation
-slow progressing caries
-harder , denser , less sensitive , & more protective to pulp than 1ry
-has 2 types
a- by age ( physiologic)
b- irritant reactive ( pathologic)
20)
Incipient caries surface zone is relatively unaffected.
21)
Upper E DL cusp is the sharpest cusp in both dentitions ,and is the largest in
primary
22)
Upper 6 ML cusp is the sharpest cusp in permenant dentition and is the largest
BL cusp.
23)
Lower 6 MB cusp is the largest MD cusp.
24)
Bur least heat generation carbide , while with highest diamond.
25)
To plane line angle of promimal cavity by binangled chisel , to form
internal line angles and retentive groove angle former.
26)
The most retentive pin is Self threaded
27)
Carbide 12 fluted bur used to finish composite , while aluminum oxide disc or
paste used to finish GI.
28)
To accelerate zinc oxide cement you add zinc accetete.
29)
Mahler scale to measure marginal deterioration.
30)
Thermal test
a- Vital pulp >> painful disappear soon after removal of stimulus
b- Inflamed pulp>> lingering painful response
31)
Thermal pulp test principle of nerve supply of pulp.
32)
Electric pulp test
-For vital similar to contral tooth
-false negative response after trauma.
33)
Hydrogen peroxide is ideal bleaching agent
- It bleaches effectively at natural ph
- It bleaches faster than carbamide peroxide
- Protection for sensitive tissues can be incorporated.
34)
Copper is added to amalgam to decrease gamma 2 phase while zinc is
added to decrease oxide layer but if zinc increase it will lead to increase moisture
sensitivity and late expansion and pain.
35)
Amalgam pain after restoration from 3 30 days due to zinc containing
lead to moisture contamination cause expansion.
13
b- fillers barium
-
14
preeruptive
posteruptive
improve crystallinity
increase crystal size
decrease demineralization
increase remineralization
decrease acid production in
plaque
increase concentration of fluoride
in plaque
affect pellicle & plaque
formation
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
darkness of color)
and C is Chroma which is degree of saturation of color.
And H is the property of color itself.
If you want to make a darker cervical porcelain then choose higher Chroma
Rochette bridge : a type of macro mechanical retention
Maryland bridge: a type of micromechanical Retention Bridge bonded by
resin, and need high oral hygiene and low caries index.
-used in young age
-for single missing tooth.
Pier abutment Isolated tooth surround by edentulous area.
Spedding principle: Used for selection of stainless steel crowns.
Finishing the finish line by diamond end cutting.
Pontic design that give high esthetic demand whem preparing teeth 9 & 11 is
18) Impressions :
A) Polyvinyl siloxane (addition silicone): the best type and of highest accuracy
and the type of choice for inlay and onlays, and can be poured many times.
B) Polyether: the 2nd accuracy after polyvinyl siloxane and it is rigid (stiff) and
having higher dimensional stability than polysulphides but they unfortunately
uptake water and swell (absorb water), cause allergy
C) Polysulphides: of bad tast unacceptable by the patient, they should be poured
within the first 24 hours.
D) Hydrocolloids are 2 types :
Alter temperature
Alter ratio powder water
21)
Retention of porcelain venner micromechanical from etching of enamel
& venner.
22)
Silane coupling agent used with porcelain to enhance wettability of
bonding ( decrease surface tension) , while in composite act as adhesive between
inert filler & organic matrix.
23)
Calcium sulphate is added to gypsum to prevent inhibiting gypsum.
Endo
16
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
E.Feacales is the main organism during R.C.T and is killed by MTAD preparation which is
mix of tetracycline and doxycycline.
- MTAD is more effective than Naocl in killing E. faecalis.
6)
7)
8) Cross section of files:
-
K >>>> square
H >>>>round
Protaper >>>> triangle
30)
C-
shape
tooth
maxillary
mandibular
central
lateral
canine
1st premolar
2nd premolar
1st molar
2nd molar
triangular
ovoid
ovoid
ovoid
ovoid
triangle
triangle
ovoid
ovoid
ovoid
ovoid
ovoid
Triangular or trapezoid
Triangular or trapezoid
Orthodontics
1)
mention posterior bite block: D even if he said active functional: D and do not worry you
will get the mark: D no idea how. but let's explain some notes about functional
appliances :
Tooth borne appliances: a) bionator B) herbest (pins and tube device)
Tissue borne appliances: Frankele is the only tissue borne functional appliance
2) Active appliances employ force to the teeth to change their position
-Most active appliances are fixed. Examples of active appliances include:
o Rapid maxillary expansion appliance (palatal expander)twice per day 0.5 1
mm/ day)
o Helix
o Bite plate
o Pin and tube
o Ribbon arch
o Edgewise
o Beg light wire
3) Blue grass appliance: for tongue thrust and thumb sucking habits, they are used as
soon as the habit is noticed and they are left for 6 months at least.
4) Cap splint device: for cleft palate.
5) 2x4 device : for anterior cross bite in mixed dentition
6) Headgear appliance used for anchorage & traction.
7) Chin cup apply to class 3 with long lower face.
8) Levering the curve of spee for correct deep bite.
13)
14)
15)
16)
prosthesis
1)
2)
mean class 3.
4) posterior palatal seal is distal to line between soft & hard palate
5)shape of rest seat
spoon or square.
kingsely scraper.
removal of narrow
Z plasty.
vestibuloplasty ,
13) in recording max. mand. Relation best material used without producing pressure is
bite
15) relining add acrylic to the base of denture to increase vertical dimension
16)rebasing remove all or part of fitting surface to add acrylic.
17) advantages of wrought wire over cast wire flexibility & less irritant to
abutment.
18) pt. with palatal
shaped (horse shoe)
torus between hard & soft palate , the major connector of choice u
19) ulcer & inflammation in lower buccal vestibule with wearing complete denture due to
hypertrophic frenum.
20) over tissue in mandibular with wearing denture
epulis fisssurment.
21) Maxillofacial prostheses is the art and science of functional, anatomic and
cosmetic reconstruction of missing or defective parts in the maxilla, mandible or face by the use
of non living substances.
22) Congenital defects Cleft palate, cleft lip, missing ear, prognathism.
23) Acquired defects Accidents, surgery, pathology.
24) Obturator
25) Splints are appliances used for immobilization of fragments of broken parts of jaw
bones in their original position until repair takes place.
26) Major connecter A rigid part of the partial denture casting that unites the rests and
another part of the prosthesis to the opposite side of the arch.
27) Denture base connecter The part of a removable denture that forms
a structure
of metal struts that engages and unites the metal casting with the resin forming the denture
base.
28) Refractory cast To fabricate a removable partial casting requires making a second cast
of high-heat investment material this cast.
20
21
Aker clasp
ring clasp
Back action
Reverse back
Embrasure clasp
22
T clasp
Wrought wire
Bedo
1) The most common professional use of flouride in pedo is: Acidualeted phosphate.
2) The most tech. used with child TSD (tell show do ).
3) Pacifier habit lead to ant. Open bite & post. Cross bite.
4) tooth cause crowding in lower anterior region if early extracted: Primary mandibular
23