Data Communication

&
Networks
EEE F346
Assignment 1
ID No: 2012B4A3530H
Name :Manchala pavani

Experiment 3
Objective: Study the working of the spanning tree algorithm by varying
the priority among the switches.
Observation:
For sample 1 when switch A has priority 2, switch B has priority 1 and
switch C has priority 3.

For sample 2 when switch A has priority 1, switch B has priority 2 and
switch C has priority 3.

Conclusion: Switch B was selected as the root switch in sample 1 due to

its least priority. The forward path is indicated by the green line while the
black line indicates the blocked path. The frame will follow the path from
node D through switch B to reach node E. In sample 2, switch A was
selected as root switch which led to the frame being sent from node D to
node E directly.

Experiment 6

Objective: To study how the Data Rate of a Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11b)
network varies as the distance between the Access Point and the wireless
nodes is varied.
Observation:
A plot between data rate (Mbps) vs distance (m) is obtained.

Conclusion:
The data rate drops sharply as the distance between access point and
wireless node increases. The reason for this is that received power varies
inversely with distance and data rate depends on the received power.

Experiment 9

Objective: Plot the characteristic curve throughput versus offered traffic

for a Slotted ALOHA system.
Observation:

The plot of throughput per packet time vs attempt per packet time is
obtained.

Througput per packet time

Througput per packet

time

Conclusion:
As per theory, the optimal value for slotted ALOHA is 0.368. From the
graph the value obtained is slightly less than 0.368. This is because
various real world parameters like overheads, inter frame gaps etc. have
been considered.

Experiment 10
Objective: Understand the impact of bit error rate on packet error and
investigate the impact of error of a simple hub based CSMA / CD network.
Observation:
For one node transmission:
transmission:

For two node

Conclusion:
From the graph plotted above, as the bit error rate increases the number
of packets errored also increases. The increase is exponential as the BER
is increased in powers of 10.

Experiment 11
Objective: To determine the optimum persistence of a p-persistent CSMA /
CD network for a heavily loaded bus capacity.
Observation:
The plot of throughput (Mbps) vs persistence is as follows:

Throughput (Mbps)

Throughput (Mbps)

Conclusion:
As the number of logged in users is quite large in this experiment, the
performance of a persistent CSMA/CD network with large p, is not optimal
because of a large number of collisions. The maximum throughput is
obtained when the persistence is . As the persistence is decreased
further the throughput increases as the likelihood of collisions decreases.
However, beyond a certain limit, in this case 1/11 the probability of
transmitting packets becomes very low and hence there arent many
transmissions. Therefore, throughput starts to decline. In this experiment
with 12 nodes generating traffic, we notice that the maximum throughput
is at a persistence value lying between 1/9 and 1/11.

Experiment 12
Objective: Study the effect of Peak Cell Rate (per Sec) and Cell Delay
Variation Tolerance on the performance of an ATM Networks.
Observation:
The graph for queuing delay for various experiments is obtained.

Queuing Delay (ms)

Queuing Delay (ms)

Conclusion:
When the Peak Cell Rate and Cell Delay Variation Tolerance are changed
from 1000 to 5000, the Number of Cells transmitted increases. This is
because the conformance of the traffic depends on the Peak Cell Rate and
the Cell Delay Variation Tolerance. As the number of cells transmitted
increases, queuing delay also increases.

Experiment 16
Objective: Study how call blocking probability varies as the load on a GSM
network is continuously increased.
Observation:
A graph between the call blocking probability vs the number of MS is
obtained.

Conclusion:
When the number of MS is increased from 4 to 20 the call blocking
probability increases from 0 to 0.88. As we increase the number of mobile
stations more calls are generated. This increases the traffic load on the
system & more calls generated implies more channel requests arrive at
the base station but the number of channels is fixed. So when the base
station does not find any free channel the call is blocked. An additional
observation is that the call blocking is zero until 8 MS. This is because the
number of channels is sufficient to handle all call that 6 MS may generate.
Only after this the base station does not find free channels and blocks
calls.

Experiment 17
Objective: Study how the number of channels increases and the Call
blocking probability decreases as the Voice activity factor of a CDMA
network is decreased.
Observation:
The first plot is of channel count vs voice activity factor.

Channel Count
Channel Count

The second plot shows the variation of call blocking probability vs voice
activity factor.

Call Blocking Probablity

Call Blocking Probablity

Conclusion:
When voice activity factor is decreased the number of channels available
increases. Thus the system has more number of channels to handle the
same number of calls. The call blocking probability decreases drastically
as the voice activity factor is decreased.

Experiment 19
Objective: Analyse the scenario shown, where Node 1 transmits data to
Node 2, with no path loss and obtain the theoretical throughput based on
IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Compare this with the simulation result.
Observation:
The throughput obtained from simulation is 100.408Kbps.
The throughput obtained through theoretical analysis based on IEEE
802.15.4 standard is 100.574Kbps.
Simulation Time (sec)
10
50
100
200

Throughput (Kbps)
99.736
100.509
100.481
100.492

Conclusion:
The throughput obtained through simulation and that obtained through
theoretical analysis is almost the same. The throughput obtained through
simulation approaches the theoretical value as the simulation time is
increased.

Experiment 20
Objective: Study how the throughput of LTE network varies as the distance
between the ENB (Evolved node B) and UE (User Equipment) is increased.
Observations:

The graph between throughput vs distance is obtained:

Throughput(Mbps)

Throughput(Mbps)

Conclusion: The conclusion that can be drawn from the simulation

experiment is that the throughput reduces as the distance of the user
from the ENB increases. Distance and throughput are inversely related
because as the distance increases the received power decreases due to
path loss which further leads to loss in throughput.