Lect No-36

Date : 13-04-16
Topics :
Networking and internetworking devices

Networking and Internetworking devices:

Repeater:
It connects segments of a LAN
It forwards every frame after regeneration. It has no filtering
capacity.

It operates in physical layer

HUB:

It is a multiport repeater used to connect stations in physical star

topology. A hub is a totally dumb device. If it gets a data signal,
it just forwards it to everybody and hopes someone will pick it
up.

Switch:
A switch is just barely smarter. If it gets a data packet, it will try
and find the device , and then send it to that device only, but the
device MUST reside on the same subnet. A switch wont send data
packets to computers on different subnets.

Bridge:
It regenerates and takes filtering decisions.It operates both in
physical layer and data link layer.

Transparent Bridge:

Transparent Bridges
S1

S2

S3

LAN1

LAN2

LAN3

B1
Port 1

Address Port

S5

S4

B2
Port 2

Port 1

Port 2

Address Port

If the bridge does not find the match it adds to the forwarding table the source address
with the port number on which the frame was received. It floods the frame on all ports
except the one on which the frame was received.

S1S5
S1

S2

S1 to S5

S3

S1 to S5

LAN1

S1 to S5

S1 to S5

LAN2

LAN3

B1

B2

Port 1

Port 2

Address Port

S1

S5

S4

Port 1

Port 2

Address Port
S1

S3S2
S1

S2

S3

S3S2

S3S2

S3S2

S3S2

S3S2

LAN1

LAN2

LAN3

B1

B2

Port 1

Port 2

Address Port
S1
S3

1
2

S5

S4

Port 1

Port 2

Address Port
S1
S3

1
1

S4S3
S1

S2

S3

S4

LAN1

S4S3
B1
Port 1

Port 2

Address Port
S1
S3
S4

1
2
2

S5

S4

S4S3

S4S3

LAN2

LAN3

B2
Port 1

Port 2

Address Port
S1
S3
S4

1
1
2

S3

S2S1
S1

S2

S3

S5

S4

S2S1
LAN1

LAN2

S2S1

LAN3

B1

B2

Port 1

Port 2

Address Port
S1
S3
S4
S2

1
2
2
1

Port 1

Port 2

Address Port
S1
S3
S4

1
1
2

Router:

It connects two LANs provided both working in same

network protocol.It works at phy,data link and network layer.

A router is just barely smarter than a switch. It only gets a data

packet if the destination computer is not on the same subnet or
LAN. The router then figures out where in the world that
computer is located and then sends it in the right direction.

Gate way:
Connects two LANs which are working in different protocol.It
performs protocol conversion.It works at at application layer

Application of Networking and internetworking devices

Backbone Networks:
Back bone network allows several LANs to be connected. The
backbone is itself a LAN that uses a LAN protocol such as Ethernet.
The mostly used architectures are:
Bus backbone and Star backbone.
Bus backbone:

Used to connect
different buildings
in an organization
or different floors
of a building.

Star backbone:

Virtual LAN:

VLAN creates broadcast domain.

Need of VLAN?

VLAN divides a LAN into logical, instead of physical segments.

This is done by software.

Parameters used grouping:

Port address
MAC address

IP address
Combination of these.
Configuration:
Manual
Automatic
EX: Administrator can define the project number as the
criterion for being a member of a group.