4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
A traffic light, traffic signal, or stop light is a signaling device positioned at a road
intersection, pedestrian crossing, or other location in order to indicate when it is safe to drive,
ride, or walk using a universal color code. In Philippines, the traffic lights for vehicles commonly
have three main lights, a red light that means stop, a green light that means go and yellow that
means ready to stop
Traffic signals are used to control the flow of vehicles. In the recent years, the need of
transportation has gain immense importance for logistics as well as for common human. This has
given rise to the number of vehicles on the road. Due to this reason, Traffic jams and road
accidents are a common sight in any busy city. Traffic Signals provide an easy, cheap, automatic
and justified solution to the road points where the vehicles may turn to other directions e.g.
roundabouts, culverts, busy walk through etc.
BASIC IDEA. The proponents have chosen a 4 way traffic light. The basic idea behind
the design is to avoid collision of vehicles by providing appropriate signals to different direction
for a limited time slot, after which the next waiting drivers will be given same treatment. In this
way a cycle will be established which will control the traffic.

4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

DESIGN OBJECTIVES

General Objective

To design and construct a 4 way traffic light by October 05, 2016

Specific Objectives

Become familiar with the 555 IC timer

To build a 4 intersection road prototype
To use the 21 LEDS in our prototype

4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DESIGN PROJECT

The significance of this project is that these devices play a role in road safety. While
accidents still occur at intersections, these crashes may be been prevented by the drivers yielding
to the traffic lights. Many lives have probably been saved by traffic lights being installed.
Traffic lights also help ensure that pedestrians and bicyclists get their fair share of the
road. It may be potentially life threatening to cross a busy street. Having crosswalks could help
dramatically lower the risk.
Without a traffic light, the intersections would likely need manpower in the form of a
traffic cop, to maintain and monitor the flow of traffic. So this alleviates the manpower issue as
well.

4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS

SCOPES

Can imitate an actual traffic light in the street

Generates clock up to microseconds - hours.

It can count up to 10 pulses given by the pulse generator

LIMITATIONS

Limited amount power source due to battery

Circuits logic may change if turned on and off many times rapidly.

2 Gos and 2 Stop simultaneously

4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL TERMS

IC IC or Integrated Circuit an electronic circuit formed on a small piece of semiconducting

material, performing the same function as a larger circuit made from discrete components.
NE555 - The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse
generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an
oscillator,

4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

CD4017 - It is called the Johnsons 10 stage decade counter divider. An IC that can memorize and
count pulses
MONOSTABLE - Generates an output pulse. When triggered, a pulse of pre-defined duration is
produced. The circuit then returns to its quiescent state and produces no more output until
triggered again.
ASTABLE - which has no stable states. Its output oscillates continuously between its two
unstable states without the aid of external triggering. The time period of each states are
determined by Resistor Capacitor (RC) time constant
VSS - Negative supply, ground. Apparently this terminology originated in some way from the
terminals of each type of transistor, and their common connections in logic circuits
VDD - Positive supply voltage. Apparently this terminology originated in some way from the
terminals of each type of transistor, and their common connections in logic circuits
THRESHOLD VOLTAGE - It is the minimum gate-to-source voltage differential that is needed
to create a conducting path between the source and drain terminals
1N4148 - The 1N4148 is a standard silicon switching diode. It is one of the most popular and
long-lived switching diodes because of its dependable specifications and low cost

4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

SURVEY OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE

Intelligent Ambulance
The main aim of this project is develop an intelligent ambulance which will reach the
hospitals without any problem in heavy traffics. The ambulance carries an IR transmitter and IR
receiver will be there some few meter before the signal. The receiver will receive the signal and
the module will send the command turn on green through the RF and every traffic post will have
an RF receiver. So whenever the ambulance comes near the traffic, the ambulance will transmit a
code say emergency the receiver will receive this signal .Then it immediately switch off the other
signals that is it make all the signals red and later make this particular direction signal green. It is
related to our project because it uses a green led as a GO signal for the vehicles.

LED Pattern Flasher

The circuit uses a 555 timer oscillator to supply clock pulses of a variable frequency to
the 4017 decade counter. The decade counter only needs to have three outputs so the fourth
output goes into the reset pin to start the cycle all over again. The central red led is always on.

4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

Each row of four LEDs flash in sequence giving the impression that the light is rotating. It is an
idea that works very well giving an eye-catching display. It will run continuously for three hours
with a standard pp3 battery. It is related to our project because it uses an IC 4017 as a decade
counter.

12 LED Running

Here is a simple 12 led running lights circuit that use CD4017 and NE555 as based of
circuit. It like the two way 12 LED running lights using CD4017 and NE555. Which it use 12
LEDs only. There are an integrated running form. To begin with LED flash from the center to the
edge on both sides. Then, to runs back to the center again. Like this indefinitely. Until the battery
will fully lose or the switch opened circuit. It is related to our project because it uses a NE555 IC
timer as a pulse generator for LEDs

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DESIGN METHODOLOGY
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS USED
Description

Tools and Equipments

It is used to make up temporary circuits for testing or to try out an idea.

They allow for the easy assembly and changing of components and wiring
to test circuit designs. The sockets of each isolated column of rows in the
center of the board and each isolated bus column on the side of the board
connect to reduce the number of wires needed.
Breadboard
Is a hand tool composed of a heated metal tip and an insulated handle.
Heating is often achieved electrically, by passing an electric current
supplied through an electrical cord or battery cables through the resistive
material of a heating element.
Soldering Iron
Also known as a solder sucker uses suction to remove solder that has been
heated to liquid from a circuit board or other places where hot solder might
need to be removed.
Soldering Pump
A hand tool used to hold objects firmly, for bending, or physical
compression. Consist of a pair of metal first-class levers joined at
a fulcrum positioned closer to one end of the levers, creating short jaws on
one side of the fulcrum, and longer handles on the other side.
Pliers

Drill Press

Preferable to a hand drill when the location and orientation of the hole must
be controlled accurately. Composed of a base that supports a column, the
column in turn supports a table. Work can be supported on the table with a
vise or hold down clamps, or the table can be swiveled out of the way to
allow tall work to be supported directly on the base.

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An electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement

functions in one unit. It is used to measure Voltage AC and DC, Current,
Resistance and for testing basic continuity of electrical and electronic
devices.
Multi Meter

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TASKS

Colopano

Credo

Gentiles

Mina

I. GATHERING OF DATA
Research

GANTT CHART

Organization of Data
Survey of Related Studies

II. DESIGNING
Design Specifications

Block Diagram

Analysis of the Design

III.

CANVASSING

AND

PURCHASING
Canvassing
Purchasing
IV.

ENGINEERING

PROTOTYPING
PCB Design

PCB Hole Drilling

Soldering

Troubleshooting

Prototype

V. TESTING
Testing
VI. DOCUMENTATION
Reorganization of Data
Printing
Proof Reading

Submission

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WORK BREAKDOWN SCHEDULE

BILL OF MATERIALS
Designation

Part # / Value Description

Unit Price

Quantit
y

Amount

IC1

NE555

Timer

Php 9.00

Php 9.00

IC2

IC4017

Decade Counter

Php 12.00

Php 12.00

D1-D8

1N4148

Germanium Diode Php 2.00

Php 16.00

D9-D20

LED R/G/Y

Light
Diode

Emitting Php 2.00

12

Php 24.00

D21-D29

White LED

Light
Diode

Emitting Php 15.00

Php 135.00

C1

10 F / 16 v

Electrolytic
Capacitor

Php 2.00

Php 2.00

C2

1000 F / 16 Electrolytic
v
Capacitor

Php 3.00

Php 3.00

R1

47 K

Resistor

Php 1

Php 1.00

R2

220

Resistor

Php 1.00

Php 1.00

Connecting
Wires

10 Meters

Php 30.00

1 pair

Php 30.00

Soldering Lead

1 Yard

Php. 12.00

5 pair

Php. 60.00

Php. 24.00

1 bottle

Php 24.00

Ferric Chloride
Illustration
Board

Php. 36

Php.72.00

Curtain Bar

1 Foot

Php. 20.00

Php. 100.00

Felt Paper

1 Whole

Php. 35.00

Php. 140.00

Net Price

Php. 203.00

4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

Miscellaneous Expenses: Php. 426.00

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Gross Price

4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

Php. 629.00

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DESIGN SPECIFICATION

Electrical Specification:
12 v Battery
Watt LED
Watt Resistor
PCB
2 x 3 inch PCB
Prototype
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22 x 33 inch Plyboard
Building
8 x 8 x 8 building
North and South Street
4 x 5 inches
East and West Street
3 x 4 inches
Posts
7inches
Traffic Light Box
2 x 2 inch
Street Light Posts
8 inches

BLOCK DIAGRAM

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

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The timer here generates pulses of time period 100ms approximately. This time duration
can be changed by changing the capacitor value and the resistor value. The time shift for the
project four way traffic light can be achieved in this circuit by replacing the 10uF capacitor with
a 1000uF and the resistor with a 39k value. Once the power is tune ON, the timer generates
clock, this clock is fed to the DECADE BINARY COUNTER. Now the decade binary counter
counts the number of pulses given at the clock and lets the corresponding pin output go high, for
example, if the event count is 5 then Q2 pin of counter will be high and if 10 is count the pin Q4
will be high. So for every 5sec there will be a peak, with this peak the counter memory gains by
one and so is the output. The diodes on the circuit acts as a switch.
So during Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 high the GREEN LED on NORTH and SOUTH will be ON
along with RED LED on EAST and WEST. So if we assume clock is of 5Hz, the NORTH and
SOUTH side are signaled GREEN to go for 20 sec and also the EAST and WEST side are
signaled RED to STOP during this time.
When Q4 goes high, the YELLOW LED on NORTH and SOUTH will be ON along with
RED LED on EAST and WEST. So if we assume clock is of 5Hz, the NORTH and SOUTH side
are signaled YELLOW to slow down for 5 sec and also the EAST and WEST side are signaled
RED to STOP during this time.

When Q5, Q6, Q7, Q7 high the GREEN LED on EAST and WEST will be ON along with RED
LED on NORTH and SOUTH. So if we assume clock is of 5Hz, the EAST and WEST side are

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signaled GREEN to go for 5 sec and also the NORTH and SOUTH side are signaled RED to
STOP during this time.
When Q8 goes high, the YELLOW LED on EAST and WEST will be ON along with RED LED
on NORTH and SOUTH. So if we assume clock is of 1Hz, the EAST and WEST side are
signaled YELLOW to slow down for 5 sec and also the NORTH and SOUTH side are signaled
RED to STOP during this time.
Four stages form a continuous cycle, to control the traffic light on a four way.

PCB LAYOUT

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Design

Actual

PROTOTYPE DESIGN

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OPERATIONAL GUIDE MANUAL

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This is the operational guide manual. In this page you will learn about our circuit. How to
turn it on. What is the flow of the circuit and the logic behind on it.
1. The first step is to turn on the circuit. To turn on the circuit you must switch on the
switch located in our prototype. Here is the image of a switch, to turn it on just press
the other side
Now the circuit is running. As you can se. the traffic lights are now glowing. The
logic of our traffic light is a 4 way traffic light with two GO and two STOP
simultaneously.

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2. To turn it off just press the other side of the switch again.

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SUMMARY
During the first week of the project making was to search for possible projects applicable
for 21 LEDs,that was assigned for the proponents and plan for the prototype, they have
successfully found the right plan for the circuit and the prototype within the same week. The
following week, the proponents was able to begin with the preparation for the first two days,
divided the task to each member for one day and have started to construct the prototype, the
circuit and the documentation for the remaining days of the second week. On the third day of the
third they have successfully finished the circuit fifth day of the prototype was finished on the
sixth day they finished the documentation. And on the final day the proponents corrected errors
and finalized the project for the final presentation that will be on the next day Oct 5.

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FINDINGS
During the experimentation the proponents found out that time duration can be changed
by changing the capacitor value, resistor value, or both. Although traffic lights have a shift time
for 2 or more minutes, here we are reducing or adding the time for testing the circuit.
Regarding on the components that is used. We have learned that the most delicate parts in
the circuits were the 555 Timer and the 4017-decade counter IC.
The main purpose of the diodes here is to prevent the shorting of counter outputs.

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CONCLUSIONS
Ergo, during the experimentation the proponents have learned the fundamental ideas to
tackle vehicular traffic on road and to simulate and control the traffic by using 555 Timer IC, and
a Decade Counter IC.
These project led us to the following outcomes:
1. A traffic light eases the congestion on roads
2. Operating 4-way traffic lane reduces the waiting time with the commuters
3. 4-way traffic light system is more reliable than a traffic police

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RECOMMENDATION
We recommend this project to those road who have no traffic lights on intersection so that
There will be less conflict on the road. And there will equal distribution of usage in the road.
It is the best to use an Arduino or Microcontroller to further enhance the capability
of the circuit and the circuit can now provide a 3 Stops and 1 Go per cycle.

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