PCHASO/COMPTECHNO3 A.Y.

2014-2015
Prepared by: Engr. Neil Esgra
Instructor: Engr. Rene Salmingo
RAM
How the RAM functions!
RAM is the workplace where the CPU
stores programs that are running.
Dynamic RAM enables the CPU to
update data rapidly, but it holds the data
only temporarily. Without electricity, RAM
cannot hold anything.
The CPU directs the Northbridge chip
to update and retrieve data RAM does not
directly connect to the address bus or the
data bus.
Various RAM technologies
Fast Page Mode (FPM) RAM was the
original type of RAM used in PCs. It is now
obsolete.
Extended Data Output (EDO) was an
improvement over FPM RAM, allowing
extended access to a particular RAS wire. It ,
too, is now obsolete. FPM and EDO RAM were
asynchronous. That is, unlike the CPU, they
did not use a clock.
Asynchronous
RAM
speeds
are
measured in nanoseconds. Synchronous
DRAM does not have a clock speed.
Intel defined standards for SDRAM that
specified how to make SDRAM run at certain
speeds. These standards were the PC66,
PC100, PC133, PC266, PC400, PC600, etc
Standards.
DDR SDRAM is an advanced, doublespeed type of SDRAM. DDR SDRAM comes in
four common speeds: DDR200/PC1600,
DDR266/PC2100,
DDR333/PC2700,
andDDR400/PC3200.
Various Ways in which RAM is Packaged
for Use in a PC
There are two sizes of SIMMs: 30-pin
SIMMs and 72-pin SIMMs.
On many systems, SIMMs need to be
installed in groups of two or four. This
minimum number of sticks is known as a
bank.
SDRAM and DDR SDRAM use DIMMs.
SDRAM uses a 168-pin DIMM. DDR SDRAM
uses a 184-pin DIMM.
Both SDRAM and DDR SDRAM also
come in special SO DIMMs that are used
almost exclusively in laptops.
RDRAM uses a special DIMM called a
RIMM. Unlike with all other types of RAM, all
of the slots on an RDRAM motherboard need
to be filled. Any unused slots must be filled
with a stick called a CRIMM.
Installing RAM in a PC
Every time you load a program, it
takes up some of your RAM. When you run
out real RAM on your PC, your PC will use a
special part of your hard drive, called swap
file, as if it were RAM. This process is called
using virtual memory.
Using virtual memory too much causes
the system to slow down and the hard drive
to thrash. These symptoms are the primary

signs that you need to add RAM to your

computer.
Unless a RAM chip is labeled, it is
impossible to tell its capacity simply by
looking at it.
Make sure that you have the right
speed of RAM for your system.
Always handle RAM carefully to
prevent ESD.

Use the RAM count at bootup as your

primary test to determine whether the PC
recognizes added RAM.

System.out.println("First Number : ");

a = xilef.nextInt();
System.out.println("Second Number :
");
b = xilef.nextInt();
System.out.println(name+", computed
number are");
* @(#)servano.java
*
* servano application
*
* @author
* @version 1.00 2016/12/10
*/

pt = a * b;
System.out.println("Product : "+pt);
qt = a / b;
System.out.println("Quotient : "+qt);
st = a + b;
System.out.println("Sum : "+st);

import java.util.Scanner;
public class servano {

dt = a - b;
System.out.println("Difference : "+dt);

public static void main(String[] args) {

String name;
int a, b, pt, qt, st, dt;

}
}

Scanner
xilef
Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter name : ");

name = xilef.nextLine();

new