Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 49

..

7 8

.
.

.
.
-, - .
1+1=?
.
.
.
.

I
,
.

.
: ,
, ,
.

II

III

2012


(Tilly Blyth)
:

( 100- ).

(1912-1954) ,
, .
.
,
1946 , .

:
XXI
(1998 ) :
Gordon Moor (INTEL):

18 .
2020 :
1015
10-11 .

D.Deutsch, 1985:

, ,


.









( ).


,
,
.

:
1103 + 2102 + 4101 +5100 =1245
:
283 + 382 + 381 + 580 = 2335
2335 :
1024 + 192 + 24 + 5 = 1245



0
0
1
1
10
2
11
3
100
4
101
5
110
6
111
7
1 000
8
1 001
9
1 010
10
2335

010 011 011 101

:

() :
-
(fuzzy, 1943):
- -
(-, -, ..)

, , , ,
, ..
:
.
,
.

: 1935 -
,
. , -
U = | > + | >

:
:
(| 0> - , | 1> - );
:
(|0> - , |1> - );
SQUID ,
:
(|0> - , |1> - );
:
(|0> - , |1> - );
.


() :

.
:

Uclon |y> |0> = |y> |y>;


Uclon |c> |0> = |c> |c>.

|s> = N (|y> + |c>)


(1)

Uclon |s> |0> = |s> |s>,


Uclon |s> |0> = N Uclon (|y> + |c>) |0> = N (|y>|y>+ |c>|c>),
|s> |s>, [(. (1)]
|s> |s> = N2 (|y>|y> + |c>|y> + |y>|c>| + |c>|c>).




:
1+1=?
,

1.


:


,
,


CNOT


a b
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1


a b
0
0
1
1

0
1
1
0

CCNOT

:
2 ,
1.

3 : a, b, c.

b
0.
,
b,
NOT NOT.

CCNOT:
b ;
1, b 1.

NOT:
;
b , a CCNOT 0, ,
= 1.

:
, b, b,
- .


:
Peter W. Shor (1997 )
;
David Deutsch - Richard Jozka
(1992 )
-
;
Lov Grover (1997) .



,

2001

IBM (

)
15
.

IBM

,




-.

,

()

()
.
,

,
.
, ,

j = (/2)j - ()j.
:
, j-
90 ; ,
j- 180 .
jk
.

2011 :

143


4



( Davida Deutscha Richarda Jozka)

1.2.3.4 2.
,
-
, .

25 2011
Lockheed Martin ( )
D-Wave Systems


, 128
(qubits).
(10 $)

D-Wave
20 , .. 2
.
,
,
,


.
"

," -
(Daniel Lidar) -
.

22 2012

D-Wave

D-Wave One
Rainier
D-Wave Systems (, )
.

16 2012
D-Wave Systems
( (Zhengbing Bian) - D-Wave )

,

"" -



1928 ,
.
,
.

.
!
:

,
,
, ,
.

,
, -
,

?
,
(N) ,
,

(J) ,
,
(K),
?

,
. ,
,
, , ?
.
, , .
17 , ,
,
. 17 ,
,
. 18
, .

5 < R(3,3) = 6

8 < R(3,4) = 9

13 < R(3,5) = 14

17 < R(3,6) = 18

22 < R(3,7) = 23

27 < R(3,8) 29

35 < R(3,9) = 36

(Zhengbing Bian)


.
( 8,8 ?)

10250 .
D-Wave
270


28 , 56
.

2012 :
Google D-Wave
Systems

.

23 2012





115
DWave One 128


1948

1960

laude Shennon - ;
, ,

() ,
.
Claude Shannon John von Neuman ( )
, , .
Richard P. Feynman Theres plenty of room at the bottom . Eng. Sci.
February;

1980

1980
1981

. . .: , 128 .;
Paul Benioff :

. J. Statist. Phys. 22, 563;
Richard P. Feymman . .
Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21, 467;

1989, 1995
David Deutsch . . Proc. Roy. Soc. London. A 400, 97.

2012
2012
(Serge Haroche) (David Wineland),
,
.

()


(19312010)

, -
,
, .

.

.. ..
,
.

.

,
.

. ,

( 1020 ) .

- 1015 .
.
, , ,
,
, .
.

. ,
! ,
XXI
.

.
2000

.
.

, , , ,
.
, ,
- , , , .
. .
? .
. , , , ,
, .
? , !
.
, , ...
, .
. ,
.
, !
, , , ,

. ?
, .
, ,
!?
,
, !?

.
,
, ,

,
..-
. ,
(, ) 1963 .
. .
..

Вам также может понравиться