IS 800:2007

7.7.4 Stress and strain characteristics

7.7.4.1 Concrete
A typical stress and strain curve of concrete in
compression. the relation is fairly linear in initial
stages but sub sequently becomes non linear reaching
a maximum value and then a descending portion is
obtained before concrete finally fails. The curve is
usually obtained by testing a cylinder with a height to
a lateral dimensions ratio of at least two. The test
being conducted under uniform rate of strain. It is
uniform rate of stress is adopted. It will not be
possible to obtained the descending portion of stress
and strain curve beyond the maximum stress.
An equation representing the stress and strain curve
completely should satisfy the following condition.

Steel is the chief structure metal because it

campaigns high strength both in tension and
compression, great stiffness good activity and ease of
fabrication with relatively low piece. Stress strain
curve is single most important piece of information
for determining the structural properties of a material.
From stress strain curve we obtain the following
characteristics
i)The material behave elastically up to proportional
limit

ii)The slope of initial straight line, upto propotional

limit is young modulus E , which for all structural
steel, carbon or alloy is very closely is same and its
value may be taken equal to

2 105 N/mm2

df
=Et
dE

i)

at f=0,E=0 and

ii)

at f= fu, E=E0 and

iii)

at f=fy ,E=Eu

df
=0
dE

Were,
D-Tensile strength
E-Breaking point
iii)At stress higher than

p there follows a

slightly curved portion of the diagram until upper

yield point
E0 Strain Eu

7.7.4.2 Steel

yu the steel suddenly begins to yield.

iv)When the specimen is stretched further it becomes

to harden and increasing force is required to produce
further stress. The is called strain hardening.
7.8

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