01-06 Implementation of Network Acceptance

cBSS
Network Planning Guideline
2 cBSS Transmission Network Planning
cBSS Transmission Network Planning
About This Chapter

This describes the transmission ports and the networking solutions supported by the cBSS
products. Planning for the cBSS transmission network involves the detailed transmission
networks and the related equipment. Normally, planning for the cBSS transmission network is
performed by operators.
2.1 Transmission Ports Supported by the BSC
This describes the physical ports, protocol ports of the BSC, and capabilities of the ports.
2.2 Transmission Ports Supported by the BTS3606C
This describes the physical ports, protocol ports of the BTS3606C, and capabilities of the ports.
2.3 Transmission Ports Supported by the BTS3606AE
This describes the physical ports, protocol ports of the BTS3606AE, and capabilities of the ports.
2.4 ATM Transmission in the cBSS System
This describes how to determine the transmission ports, transport relays, and networking modes
of the BSC and BTS.
2.5 IP Transmission in the cBSS System
This describes how to select transport interfaces and transport relays in the cBSS system.
Issue 2.0 (2008-03-12)
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
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cBSS
2.1 Transmission Ports Supported by the BSC

This describes the physical ports, protocol ports of the BSC, and capabilities of the ports.
2.1.1 Specifications of the Physical Transmission Ports of the BSC
The BSC provides abundant physical transmission ports, such as E1/T1 port, FE port, GE
electrical port, and STM-1 port over the A interface, E1/T1 port, FE port, GE port, and STM-1/
OC-3 port over the Abis interface, and FE port and GE port between the PCF and the PDSN.
2.1.2 Interface Boards of the BSC
The interface boards of the BSC are Abis interface board, A interface board, and PCF interface
board.
2.1.3 Capability of the Interfaces on the BSC
This describes the capability of the Abis interfaces, A interfaces, and PCF interfaces on the BSC.
2.1.1 Specifications of the Physical Transmission Ports of the BSC

The BSC provides abundant physical transmission ports, such as E1/T1 port, FE port, GE
electrical port, and STM-1 port over the A interface, E1/T1 port, FE port, GE port, and STM-1/
OC-3 port over the Abis interface, and FE port and GE port between the PCF and the PDSN.
Table 2-1 describes the specifications of the physical transmission ports of the BSC.
Table 2-1 Specifications of physical transmission ports
Port
Number
of Ports
Board
Connector
Remarks
E1/T1
2032
AEUBa
DB50
Supporting ATM over fractional E1/

T1
Processing the inverse multiplexing

over ATM (IMA) of 32 E1s/T1s
Providing 32 E1/T1 connections
Realizing IP over E1 transmission
Providing 32 E1/T1 connections and

supporting clock signal extraction
Supporting TDM transmission
Providing four FE ports or one GE

electrical port
Realizing IP transmission over the

Abis interface, A interface, and PCF
interface
2032
PEUBa
DB50
PEUAa
2032
FE/GE
204
EIUAa
FG1Ba
DB50
RJ45
FG1Aa
FG1Pa
FG1Xa
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Port
Number
of Ports
Board
Connector
Remarks
208
FG2Ba
RJ45
Providing eight FE ports or two GE

electrical ports
Realizing IP transmission over the

Abis interface, A interface, and PCF
interface
Supporting TDM transmission
Providing one STM-1 optical fiber

and supporting clock signal
extraction
Providing two channelized STM-1/

OC-3 optical fibers
Realizing ATM over E1/T1 over

SDH/Sonet transmission
Providing one channelized STM-1/

OC-3 optical fiber
Realizing ATM over E1/T1 over

SDH/Sonet transmission
Providing two channelized STM-1/

OC-3 optical fibers
Realizing IP over E1/T1 over SDH/

Sonet transmission
Providing one channelized STM-1/

OC-3 optical fiber
Realizing IP over E1/T1 over SDH/

Sonet transmission
FG2Aa
FG2Pa
FG2Xa
STM-1
optical
interface
2063/
Channeliz
ed
STM-1/
OC-3
2063/
OIUAa
LC
2084
AOUBa
LC
2084
2063/
AO1Ba
LC
2084
2063/
POUBa
LC
2084
2063/
PO1Ba
LC
2084
NOTE
An STM-1 optical fiber supports 63 E1s and 84 T1s.
2.1.2 Interface Boards of the BSC

The interface boards of the BSC are Abis interface board, A interface board, and PCF interface
board.
2.1.2.1 Abis Interface Boards of the BSC
The Abis interface boards of the BSC include the AEUBa, PEUBa, FG1Ba, FG2Ba, AOUBa,
AO1Ba, POUBa, and PO1Ba.
2.1.2.2 A Interface Boards of the BSC
The A interface boards of the BSC are the EIUAa, IUAa, EUAa, FG1Aa, and FG2Aa.
2.1.2.3 PCF Interface Boards of the BSC
The PCF interface boards of the BSC are the FG1Pa, FG1Xa, FG2Pa, and FG2Xa.
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Abis Interface Boards of the BSC

The Abis interface boards of the BSC include the AEUBa, PEUBa, FG1Ba, FG2Ba, AOUBa,
AO1Ba, POUBa, and PO1Ba.
The Abis interface enables the communication between the BSC and the BTS. Table 2-2
describes the Abis interface boards of the BSC.
Table 2-2 Abis interface boards
Board
Transmissi
on Mode
AEUB
a
ATM
transmission
PEUBa
FG1Ba
FG2Ba
AOUB
a
AO1Ba
POUBa
2-4
IP
transmission
IP
transmission
IP
transmission
ATM
transmission
ATM
transmission
IP
transmission
Function
l
Supporting ATM over fractional E1/T1
Processing the inverse multiplexing over ATM (IMA) of 32 E1/

T1 connections
Realizing the encoding and decoding of ATM IMA frames
Assigning and controlling E1/T1 timeslot channels
Supporting the processing of 128-path HDLCs
Providing four FE ports or one GE electrical port
Realizing IP transmission over the Abis interface
Implementing the MAC and PHY functions on Ethernet

networks
Providing eight FE ports or two GE electrical ports
Realizing IP transmission over the Abis interface

networks
Providing two channelized STM-1/OC-3 optical fibers
Realizing ATM over E1/T1 over SDH/Sonet transmission
Realizing inverse multiplexing and demultiplexing of a

maximum of 42 x 2 ATM cell streams
Supporting the IMA1.1 protocol, and being forward compatible

with the IMA1.0 protocol
Providing one channelized STM-1/OC-3 optical fiber
Realizing ATM over E1/T1 over SDH/Sonet transmission
Realizing inverse multiplexing and demultiplexing of a

maximum of 42 ATM cell streams
Supporting the IMA1.1 protocol, and being forward compatible

with the IMA1.0 protocol
Providing two channelized STM-1/OC-3 optical fibers
Realizing IP over E1/T1 over SDH/Sonet transmission

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Board
PO1Ba
Transmissi
on Mode
IP
transmission
Function
l
Providing one channelized STM-1/OC-3 optical fiber
Realizing IP over E1/T1 over SDH/Sonet transmission
A Interface Boards of the BSC

The A interface boards of the BSC are the EIUAa, IUAa, EUAa, FG1Aa, and FG2Aa.
The A interface enables the communication between the BSC and the MSC. When TDM
transmission is used, the A1 or A2 interface is used; when IP transmission is used, the A1p or
A2p interface is used. Table 2-3 describes the A interface boards of the BSC.
Table 2-3 A interface boards
Board
EIUAa
OIUAa
PEUAa
FG1Aa
FG2Aa
Issue 2.0 (2008-03-12)
Transmis
sion
Mode
TDM
transmissi
on
TDM
transmissi
on
IP
transmissi
on
IP
transmissi
on
IP
transmissi
on
Function
l
Providing 32 E1/T1 connections and supporting clock signal

extraction
Supporting the processing of SS7 MTP2 messages
Providing the board-level Tributary Protect Switch (TPS)

function
Providing one STM-1 optical fiber and supporting clock signal

extraction
Supporting the processing of SS7 MTP2 messages
Providing the board-level TPS function
Supporting the processing of 128-path HDLCs
Realizing IP transmission over the A interface

networks
Realizing IP transmission over the A interface

networks

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PCF Interface Boards of the BSC

The PCF interface boards of the BSC are the FG1Pa, FG1Xa, FG2Pa, and FG2Xa.
The PCF interfaces, that is, the A10/A11/A12 interface, are configured to enable the
communication between the PCF and the PDSN, and the communication between the PCF and
the AN AAA. Table 2-4 describes the PCF interface boards of the BSC.
Table 2-4 PCF interface boards
Board
Function
FG1Pa
Realizing IP transmission over the PCF interface
Implementing the MAC and PHY functions on Ethernet networks
Processing PCF data services
Processing PCF data services
FG1Xa
FG2Pa
FG2Xa
2.1.3 Capability of the Interfaces on the BSC

This describes the capability of the Abis interfaces, A interfaces, and PCF interfaces on the BSC.
2.1.3.1 Capability of the Abis Interfaces on the BSC
The Abis interfaces are provided by the Abis interface boards that are housed in the CMPS and
CSPS subracks. The Abis interface boards, working in active + standby mode, are installed in
slots 14 through 27. The Abis interface boards are the AEUBa, PEUBa, FG1Ba, FG2Ba,
AOUBa, AO1Ba, POUBa, and PO1Ba.
2.1.3.2 Capability of the A Interfaces on the BSC
The A interfaces are provided by the A interface boards that are housed in the CMPS and CSPS
subracks. The A interface boards, working in active + standby mode, are installed in slots 14
through 27. The A interface boards of the BSC are the EIUAa, IUAa, EUAa, FG1Aa, and FG2Aa.
2.1.3.3 Capability of the PCF Interfaces on the BSC
The PCF interfaces are provided by the PCF interface boards that are housed in the CMPS and
CSPS subracks. The PCF interface boards, working in resource pool mode, are installed in slots
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14 through 27. The PCF interface boards of the BSC are the FG1Pa, FG1Xa, FG2Pa, and FG2Xa.
The FG1Xa and FG2Xa are also capable of processing data services.
Capability of the Abis Interfaces on the BSC

The Abis interfaces are provided by the Abis interface boards that are housed in the CMPS and
CSPS subracks. The Abis interface boards, working in active + standby mode, are installed in
slots 14 through 27. The Abis interface boards are the AEUBa, PEUBa, FG1Ba, FG2Ba,
AOUBa, AO1Ba, POUBa, and PO1Ba.
Abis Interfaces Supported by the BSC

l
E1/T1 ports, provided by the AEUBa and PEUBa
FE ports, provided by the FG1Ba and FG2Ba
GE ports, provided by the FG1Ba and FG2Ba
STM-1/OC-3 ports, provided by the AOUBa, AO1Ba, POUBa, and PO1Ba
Number of Abis Interfaces Supported by the BSC

l
When configured with one AEUBa, the BSC supports 32 E1s/T1s, ATM over Fractional
E1/T1, and UNI/IMA.
When configured with one PEUBa, the BSC supports 32 E1s/T1s and IP over E1/T1.
When configured with one FG1Ba, the BSC supports four FE ports or one GE electrical
port, and IP transmission over the Abis interface.
When configured with two FG1Bas, the BSC supports eight FE ports or two GE electrical
ports, and IP transmission over the Abis interface.
When configured with one AOUBa, the BSC supports two channelized STM-1/OC-3
optical fibers and ATM over E1/T1 over SDH/Sonet transmission.
When configured with one AO1Ba, the BSC supports one channelized STM-1/OC-3 optical
fiber and ATM over E1/T1 over SDH/Sonet transmission.
When configured with one POUBa, the BSC supports two channelized STM-1/OC-3
optical fibers and IP over E1/T1 over SDH/Sonet transmission.
When configured with one PO1Ba, the BSC supports one channelized STM-1/OC-3 optical
fiber and IP over E1/T1 over SDH/Sonet transmission.
Capability of the Abis Interfaces on the BSC

The capability of the Abis interfaces in the BSC is equal to the Abis interface capability of CMPS
plus that of CSPS 1 and that of CSPS 2, and so on.
Where, CSPS 1 and CSPS 2 refer to different CIPSs.
Capability of the A Interfaces on the BSC

The A interfaces are provided by the A interface boards that are housed in the CMPS and CSPS
subracks. The A interface boards, working in active + standby mode, are installed in slots 14
through 27. The A interface boards of the BSC are the EIUAa, IUAa, EUAa, FG1Aa, and FG2Aa.
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Abis Interfaces Supported by the BSC

l
E1/T1 ports, provided by the EIUAa and PEUAa
FE ports, provided by the FG1Aa and FG2Aa
GE ports, provided by the FG1Aa and FG2Aa
STM-1 ports, provided by the OIUAa
Number of A Interfaces Supported by the BSC

l
When configured with one EIUAa, the BSC supports 32 E1s/T1s and TDM transmission.
When configured with one OIUAa, the BSC supports one STM-1 optical fiber and TDM
transmission.
When configured with one PEUAa, the BSC supports 32 E1s/T1s and IP over E1
transmission.
When configured with one FG1Aa, the BSC supports four FE ports or one GE electrical
port, and IP transmission over the A interface.
When configured with one FG2Aa, the BSC supports eight FE ports or two GE electrical
ports, and IP transmission over the A interface.
Capability of the A Interfaces on the BSC

The capability of the A interfaces in the BSC is equal to the A interface capability of CMPS plus
that of CSPS 1 and that of CSPS 2, and so on.
Capability of the PCF Interfaces on the BSC

The PCF interfaces are provided by the PCF interface boards that are housed in the CMPS and
CSPS subracks. The PCF interface boards, working in resource pool mode, are installed in slots
14 through 27. The PCF interface boards of the BSC are the FG1Pa, FG1Xa, FG2Pa, and FG2Xa.
The FG1Xa and FG2Xa are also capable of processing data services.
PCF Interfaces Supported by the BSC

l
FE ports, provided by the FG1Pa, FG1Xa, FG2Pa, and FG2Xa
GE ports, provided by the FG1Pa, FG1Xa, FG2Pa, and FG2Xa
Number of PCF Interfaces Supported by the BSC

l
When configured with one FG1Pa or FG1Xa, the BSC supports four FE ports or one GE
electrical port, and IP transmission over the A10/A11/A12 interface.
When configured with one FG2Pa or FG2Xa, the BSC supports eight FE ports or two GE
electrical ports and IP transmission over the A10/A11/A12 interface.
Capability of the PCF Interfaces on the BSC

The capability of the PCF interfaces in the BSC is equal to the sum of the capabilities of the
CMPS, CSPS1, and CSPS2, and so on.
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2.2 Transmission Ports Supported by the BTS3606C

This describes the physical ports, protocol ports of the BTS3606C, and capabilities of the ports.
2.2.1 Specifications of Abis Transmission Ports on the BTS3606C
The Abis transmission ports on the BTS3606C are E1/T1 and FE ports.
2.2.2 Abis Interface Boards of the BTS3606C
The Abis interface boards of the BTS3606C are the QC52BCIM, QC53BCIM, and QC54BCIM.
2.2.3 Capability of the Abis Interfaces on the BTS3606C
The Abis interfaces are provided by the BCIM interface boards that are located in the baseband
subsystem.
2.2.1 Specifications of Abis Transmission Ports on the BTS3606C

The Abis transmission ports on the BTS3606C are E1/T1 and FE ports.
Table 2-5 describes the specifications of Abis transmission ports of the BTS3606C.
Table 2-5 Specifications of Abis transmission ports
Port
Number
of Ports
Rate
Standard
E1
2 Mbit/s
ETS 300 420

ITU G.703/G.704
T1
1.5 Mbit/s
ANSI-G.703/G.704
FE
100 Mbit/s
IEEE802.3
2.2.2 Abis Interface Boards of the BTS3606C

The Abis interface boards of the BTS3606C are the QC52BCIM, QC53BCIM, and QC54BCIM.
Table 2-6 describes the Abis interface boards of the BTS3606C.
Table 2-6 Abis interface boards
Board Name
Number of E1/T1 Ports
Number of FE Ports
QC52BCIM
QC53BCIM
QC54BCIM
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2.2.3 Capability of the Abis Interfaces on the BTS3606C

The Abis interfaces are provided by the BCIM interface boards that are located in the baseband
subsystem.
l
There are three types of Abis interface boards: QC52BCIM, QC53BCIM, and QC54BCIM.
A cabinet is configured with one QC52BCIM, one QC53BCIM, or one QC54BCIM.
The capability of the Abis interfaces in a cabinet is the sum of Abis interface capabilities
of all BCIMs. The capability also depends on the configuration of the E1/T1 lightning
protection unit.
2.3 Transmission Ports Supported by the BTS3606AE

This describes the physical ports, protocol ports of the BTS3606AE, and capabilities of the ports.
2.3.1 Specifications of the Abis Transmission Ports of the BTS3606AE
The Abis transmission ports of the BTS3606AE are E1/T1 and FE ports.
2.3.2 Abis Interface Board of the BTS3606AE
This describes the Abis interface board of the BTS3606AE.
2.3.3 Capability of the Abis Interfaces on the BTS3606AE
In the BTS3606AE, the Abis interfaces are provided by the CMPT interface board that is located
in the built-in BBU3606.
2.3.1 Specifications of the Abis Transmission Ports of the

BTS3606AE
The Abis transmission ports of the BTS3606AE are E1/T1 and FE ports.
Table 2-7 describes the specifications of Abis transmission ports of the BTS3606AE.
Table 2-7 Specifications of Abis transmission ports
Port
Number
of Ports
Rate
Standard
E1
2 Mbit/s
ETS 300 420

ITU G.703/G.704
T1
1.5 Mbit/s
ANSI-G.703/G.704
FE
100 Mbit/s
IEEE802.3
2.3.2 Abis Interface Board of the BTS3606AE

This describes the Abis interface board of the BTS3606AE.
Table 2-8 describes the Abis interface board of the BTS3606AE.
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Table 2-8 Abis interface board

Board Name
Number of E1/T1 Ports
Number of FE Ports
CMPT
NOTE
The CMPT supports data transmission over one FE port. The FE port can be an optical port or an electrical
port, but only one port can be used at one time.
2.3.3 Capability of the Abis Interfaces on the BTS3606AE

In the BTS3606AE, the Abis interfaces are provided by the CMPT interface board that is located
in the built-in BBU3606.
l
The Abis interface board of the BTS3606AE is the CMPT.
The BBU3606 is configured with a maximum of two CMPTs. If two, they work in 1+1
backup mode.
2.4 ATM Transmission in the cBSS System

This describes how to determine the transmission ports, transport relays, and networking modes
of the BSC and BTS.
2.4.1 Overview of the ATM Technology
ATM is a kind of broadband transmission technology. According to the specifications in CDMA
protocols, ATM functions at Layer 2.
2.4.2 ATM Transport Interface Solutions in the cBSS System
This describes the ATM transport interface solutions in the cBSS system, such as the A3/A7/
A13 interface solution and the Abis interface solution.
2.4.3 ATM-Based Relay Solutions
This describes the ATM-based relay solutions, such as SDH transmission, PDH transmission,
microwave transmission, xDSL transmission, LMDS transmission, satellite transmission, and
resource sharing between 2G and 3G networks.
2.4.4 Network Topologies of ATM Transmission
This describes the network topologies of ATM transmission, such as star network, chain
network, tree network, hybrid network, and remote cascading ODU network. The cBSS
transmission network can incorporate multiple topology structures.
2.4.5 PVCs for ATM Transmission in the cBSS System
When the cBSS system uses the ATM transmission, you must plan and allocate the PVCs
uniformly.
2.4.1 Overview of the ATM Technology

ATM is a kind of broadband transmission technology. According to the specifications in CDMA
protocols, ATM functions at Layer 2.
At Layer 1, ATM over SDH and ATM over E1/T1 function.
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The ATM over SDH technology maps ATM cells directly into SDH frames.
The ATM over E1/T1 technology maps ATM cells to one or multiple E1s/T1s by using the
UNI, Fractional ATM, and IMA solutions. Thus, this technology helps to make efficient
use of existing transmission resources and to meet the requirements of high-bandwidth
transmission.
2.4.2 ATM Transport Interface Solutions in the cBSS System

This describes the ATM transport interface solutions in the cBSS system, such as the A3/A7/
A13 interface solution and the Abis interface solution.
A3/A7/A13 Interface Solution

The A3/A7/A13 interfaces of the cBSS system support E1/T1 transmission and STM-1/OC3
transmission.
The BSC is located in the equipment room. Therefore, it is easy to meet the transport interface
and capacity requirements because the A3/A7/A13 interfaces are provided by the transmit nodes
in the central equipment room.
As the transmit flow in the A3/A7/A13 user plane is heavy, Huawei recommends that STM-1/
OC3 interfaces are used for data transmission and for achieving 1+1 backup of optical ports.
Abis Interface Solution

In the cBSS system, the Abis interfaces support E1/T1 transmission.
The Abis interfaces are configured between the BSC and the BTSs. Compared with the planning
for the A3/A7/A13 interfaces, the planning for the Abis interfaces is made difficult because of
fact that the BTSs are of many types and widely distributed.
2.4.3 ATM-Based Relay Solutions

This describes the ATM-based relay solutions, such as SDH transmission, PDH transmission,
microwave transmission, xDSL transmission, LMDS transmission, satellite transmission, and
resource sharing between 2G and 3G networks.
Figure 2-1 shows the ATM relay solutions in the cBSS system.
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Figure 2-1 ATM-based relay solutions in the cBSS system
2.4.3.1 Networking of SDH Transmission

This describes the SDH relay solution used between the BSC and the BTS.
2.4.3.2 Networking of PDH Transmission
This describes the PDH transmission solution used between the BSC and the BTS.
2.4.3.3 Networking of Microwave Transmission
This describes the microwave transmission solution used between the BSC and the BTS.
2.4.3.4 Networking of xDSL Transmission
This describes the xDSL transmission solution used between the BSC and the BTS.
2.4.3.5 Networking of LMDS Transmission
This describes the LMDS transmission solution used between the BSC and the BTS.
2.4.3.6 Networking of Satellite Transmission
This describes the satellite transmission solution used between the BSC and the BTS.
2.4.3.7 Resource Sharing Between 2G and 3G Networks
This describes how to share the transmission resources between the 3G cBSS equipment and
the 2G cBSS equipment.
Networking of SDH Transmission

This describes the SDH relay solution used between the BSC and the BTS.
Figure 2-2 shows the networking of SDH transmission.
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Figure 2-2 SDH transmission between the BSC and the BTS
When the SDH transmission solution is used, the nearby BSC and BTSs are connected to the
SDH transmission network directly. At the same time, remotely-located BTSs are connected to
a nearby BTS through the cascading solution. The SDH transmission network helps to use
existing transmission resources efficiently, thus making it possible to achieve greater costeffectiveness.
Networking of PDH Transmission

This describes the PDH transmission solution used between the BSC and the BTS.
Figure 2-3 shows the networking of PDH transmission.
Figure 2-3 PDH transmission between the BSC and the BTS
A PDH transmission network is deployed around an SDH transmission network. The BSC is
connected to the SDH transmission network directly, but the BTSs are connected to a nearby
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PDH transmission network and then connected to the BSC by way of convergence. Convergence
in the PDH transmission network is a typical networking solution.
The PDH transmission network is used to typical urban areas or satellite towns and the efficiency
of resource usage is high.
Networking of Microwave Transmission

This describes the microwave transmission solution used between the BSC and the BTS.
Figure 2-4 shows the networking of microwave transmission.
Figure 2-4 Microwave transmission between the BSC and the BTS
When the BTSs are far away from the BSC and the transmission equipment, microwave
transmission is preferred because building long-distance transmission lines is difficult.
Microwave transmission provides data access for "Last Kilometer" high-speed
telecommunications and features 3G-qualified low delay. In addition, microwave transmission
provides data access for the mobiles at fringe coverage areas.
Microwave transmission, however, requires a high cost and provides a low bandwidth. When
the microwave transmission solution is employed, interference should be minimized and lineof-sight transmission should be ensured.
Networking of xDSL Transmission

This describes the xDSL transmission solution used between the BSC and the BTS.
Figure 2-5 shows the networking of xDSL transmission.
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Figure 2-5 xDSL transmission between the BSC and the BTS
In urban areas and densely-populated areas, when the BTSs fail to communicate with the
transmission network, xDSL transmission is preferred because the system has abundant
telephone lines while not meeting the requirements of microwave transmission.
The xDSL transmission solution connects the BTSs to the BSC, and connects cascading BTSs.
In addition, this solution features 3G-qualified low delay and low cost.
The xDSL solution, however, is applied only to short-distance transmission, that is, the
transmission distance is shorter than 3 km. Owing to the fact that the xDSL transmission lines
are sensitive to external interference, the quality of voice delivered is worse than that delivered
by E1/T1 transmission lines.
Networking of LMDS Transmission

This describes the LMDS transmission solution used between the BSC and the BTS.
Figure 2-6 shows the networking of LMDS transmission.
Figure 2-6 LMDS transmission between the BSC and the BTS
The LMDS transmission solution supports the point-to-multipoint feature. Like the microwave
transmission solution, the LMDS transmission solution provides data access for "Last
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Kilometer" high-speed telecommunications. Compared with the microwave transmission

solution, the LMDS solution stands out because it supports point-to-multipoint access.
The equipment in the LMDS system can be further divided into the equipment on the BSC side
and the equipment on the BTS side. The equipment on the BTS side provides ATM and CES
interfaces, through which the equipment is connected to the BTS. The equipment on the BSC
side provides ATM interfaces, through which the equipment is connected to the BSC.
When the LMDS solution is used, special attention should be paid to external interference. In
addition, the LMDS solution requires line-of-sight transmission and is prone to rain attenuation.
The average cost, however, drops with the increasing number of MSs.
Networking of Satellite Transmission

This describes the satellite transmission solution used between the BSC and the BTS.
Figure 2-7 shows the networking of satellite transmission.
Figure 2-7 Satellite transmission between the BSC and the BTS
Satellite transmission is applied to hard-to-cover areas and the areas that feature topographic
variety. The cost for building a satellite transmission system or leasing satellite links, however,
is high. Moreover, the transmission quality is sensitive to external interference.
Resource Sharing Between 2G and 3G Networks

This describes how to share the transmission resources between the 3G cBSS equipment and
the 2G cBSS equipment.
l
To support resource sharing, both the BSC and the BTS must support the Fractional ATM
function.
The Fractional ATM function enables the system to transport ATM cells by using a partial
of the 32 timeslots. The ATM cells are mapped to the 30 timeslots (excluding timeslot 0
and timeslot 16) of the E1/T1 and to retrieve the cells on the receiver side.
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In addition, both the BSC and the BTS incorporate the timeslot cross-connection function
or both of them are connected to external timeslot cross-connection equipment.
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Figure 2-8 shows the Fractional ATMbased resource sharing solution between 2G and 3G
cBSS systems.
Figure 2-8 Resource sharing between 2G and 3G networks (Fractional ATM)
Sharing the transmission resources facilitates fast and cost-effective deployment of CDMA
networks. The resource sharing also facilitates network optimization. The transmission
bandwidth between the BSC and the BTS, however, is restricted by existing networks.
2.4.4 Network Topologies of ATM Transmission

This describes the network topologies of ATM transmission, such as star network, chain
network, tree network, hybrid network, and remote cascading ODU network. The cBSS
transmission network can incorporate multiple topology structures.
Figure 2-9 shows the ATM network topologies in the cBSS system.
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Figure 2-9 ATM network topologies in the cBSS system
2.4.4.1 Star Topology

In the star topology, the BSC and BTSs form the star structure.
2.4.4.2 Chain Topology
In the chain topology, the BSC and the BTSs form the chain structure.
2.4.4.3 Tree Topology
In the tree topology, the BSC and the BTSs form the tree structure.
2.4.4.4 Hybrid Topology
The hybrid topology is a combination of star topology, chain topology, and tree topology.
2.4.4.5 Topology of Remote Cascading ODUs
The remote cascading ODUs are connected to the BTSs instead of the BSC.
Star Topology
In the star topology, the BSC and BTSs form the star structure.
Star topology is commonly applied, especially in densely populated areas. Figure 2-10 shows
the schematic diagram of the star topology.
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Figure 2-10 Star topology
In a star topology, each BTS is connected directly to the BSC. Thus, it is easy to set up,
maintain, and expand the network.
In addition, the transmission lines are reliable because the signals are easily routed.
Compared with other topologies, however, the star topology requires the largest number
of transmission lines.
Chain Topology
In the chain topology, the BSC and the BTSs form the chain structure.
The chain topology is used in sparsely-populated and belted areas, such as expressways and
railways. Figure 2-11 shows the schematic diagram of the chain topology.
Figure 2-11 Chain topology
The chain topology helps to lower the cost of transmission equipment, project engineering,
and leasing transmission lines.
The transmission lines, however, are not reliable because the signals are routed in a complex
manner.
In addition, the faults in upper-level BTSs may affect the operations of lower-level BTSs.
In a chain topology, a maximum of three levels of BTSs is permissible.
Tree Topology
In the tree topology, the BSC and the BTSs form the tree structure.
The tree topology is used in networks where sites and subscribers are distributed in a complex
manner, for example, areas with a large scale of subscribers along with hot spots or a small scale
subscribers. Figure 2-12 shows the schematic diagram of the tree topology.
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Figure 2-12 Chain topology
The tree topology requires a less number of transmission lines than the star topology does.
As the signals in a tree topology are routed in a complex manner, it is difficult to set up,
maintain, or expand the network, and the transmission lines are not reliable.
In addition, the faults in upper-level BTSs may affect the operations of lower-level BTSs.
The capacity expansion is inconvenient and may cause large-scale network reconstruction.
In a tree topology, a maximum of three levels of base stations is allowed.
Hybrid Topology
The hybrid topology is a combination of star topology, chain topology, and tree topology.
In actual situations, a combination of different topologies is preferred. Hybrid topology helps to
provide excellent services and reduce the cost sharply. Figure 2-13 shows the schematic diagram
of the hybrid topology.
Figure 2-13 Hybrid topology
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Topology of Remote Cascading ODUs

The remote cascading ODUs are connected to the BTSs instead of the BSC.
The cascading ODUs provide flexible coverage for indoor spaces, underground spaces,
highways, and railways. Figure 2-14 shows the schematic diagram of cascading ODUs.
Figure 2-14 Remote cascading ODUs
The cascading ODUs provide flexible coverage for indoor and underground spaces, and
highways and railways.
The ODU+BTS solution greatly reduces the engineering cost at the early stage of a network.
When the cascading ODU solution is used, an antenna system for receiving satellite clock
signals is not required. Thus, this solution is preferred in areas, such as subways, where it
is difficult to install an antenna system for receiving satellite clock signals.
Being different from repeaters, the ODUs are managed by upper-level BTSs and facilitate
network planning.
The faults in upper-level BTSs, however, may affect the operations of ODUs.
2.4.5 PVCs for ATM Transmission in the cBSS System

When the cBSS system uses the ATM transmission, you must plan and allocate the PVCs
uniformly.
For the Abis interfaces, each BTS is configured with the following PVCs:
l
An OM PVC
One or two BTS signaling PVCs
One or multiple BTS traffic chain PVCs
For the A3/A7/A13 interfaces, the following PVCs are configured between two BSCs:
l
One or multiple A3 signaling PVCs
One or multiple A3 service PVCs
2.5 IP Transmission in the cBSS System

This describes how to select transport interfaces and transport relays in the cBSS system.
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2.5.1 Overview of the IP Technology

IP-based transmission enables flexible networking. According to the specifications in CDMA
protocols, the IP technology functions at Layer 2.
2.5.2 IP Transport Interface Solutions in the cBSS System
This describes the IP transport interface solutions in the cBSS system, such as the Abis interface
solution, A1p/A2p interface solution and the PCF interface solution.
2.5.3 IP-Based Relay Solutions
This describes IP-based relay solutions, such as IP over the Abis interface, IP over the A
interface, and IP over the A10/A11/A12 interface.
2.5.4 Configurations of IP Addresses for IP-Based Transmission
This describes how to plan and allocate IP addresses when the cBSS system uses IP-based
transmission.
2.5.1 Overview of the IP Technology

IP-based transmission enables flexible networking. According to the specifications in CDMA
protocols, the IP technology functions at Layer 2.
At Layer 1, IP over Ethernet and IP over PPP over E1/T1 function.
l
The IP over Ethernet technology maps IP packets to Ethernet frames, and this technology
supports bandwidths at rates of 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, and 1000 Mbit/s.
The IP over PPP over E1/T1 technology encapsulates IP packets in PPP packets and then
maps the PPP packets to one or multiple E1s/T1s. Thus, this technology helps to make
efficient use of existing transmission resources and to meet the requirements of highbandwidth transmission. In addition, the IP over PPP over E1/T1 technology supports ML
PPP and PPP MUX.
2.5.2 IP Transport Interface Solutions in the cBSS System

This describes the IP transport interface solutions in the cBSS system, such as the Abis interface
solution, A1p/A2p interface solution and the PCF interface solution.
Abis Interface Solution

In the cBSS system, the Abis interfaces support IP over E1/T1 and IP over Ethernet. The IP over
E1/T1 transmission technology helps to use existing transmission resources efficiently and to
protect the investment of operators.
A1p/A2p Interface Solution

In the cBSS system, the A1p/A2p interfaces support IP over E1/T1 and IP over Ethernet,
IP transmission helps to reduce transmission resources.
PCF Interface Solution

In the cBSS system, the PCF interfaces support FE and GE electrical ports. Therefore, the BSC
can be connected to the PDSN directly or through routers.
Generally, the BSC is located in the equipment room. Therefore, it is easy to meet relevant
requirements because the PCF interfaces are provided by the transmit nodes in the equipment
room.
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2.5.3 IP-Based Relay Solutions

This describes IP-based relay solutions, such as IP over the Abis interface, IP over the A
interface, and IP over the A10/A11/A12 interface.
NOTE
The IP-based relay solutions are classified into IP over E1/T1 and IP over Ethernet. This illustrates only the
relay function implemented by the IP over Ethernet solution. For details about the IP over E1/T1 solution, refer
to the ATM-Based Relay Solutions.
2.5.3.1 IP-Based Transmission Over the Abis Interface

This describes the IP over Ethernet transmission solution used over the Abis interface between
the BSC and the BTS.
2.5.3.2 IP-Based Transmission over the A Interface
This describes the IP over Ethernet transmission solutions used over the A1p/A2p interface
between the BSC and the MSCe or MGW.
2.5.3.3 IP-Based Transmission Over the PCF Interface
This describes the IP over Ethernet transmission solutions used over the PCF interface between
the BSC and the PDSN or AN AAA.
IP-Based Transmission Over the Abis Interface

This describes the IP over Ethernet transmission solution used over the Abis interface between
the BSC and the BTS.
Figure 2-15 shows the networking of IP-based transmission over the Abis interface.
Figure 2-15 IP-based transmission over the Abis interface
This solution incorporates the IP/MAC protocol stack (without ARP tests).
IP-Based Transmission over the A Interface

This describes the IP over Ethernet transmission solutions used over the A1p/A2p interface
between the BSC and the MSCe or MGW.
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Co-Resident MSCe, MGW, and BSC in the Same Equipment Room

Figure 2-16 shows the networking of co-resident MSCe, MGW, and BSC in the same equipment
room.
Figure 2-16 Co-resident MSCe, MGW, and BSC in the same equipment room
Instead of using an additional LAN switch or router, the BSC is connected to the MGW through
the LAN switch integrated with the BSC, thus reducing the equipment cost. As the BSC is not
connected to the MSCe directly, the A1p signaling messages are forwarded by the MGW.
Remote MSCe Connected to Co-Resident MGW and BSC Through SDH

Figure 2-17 shows the networking of a remote MSCe connected to the co-resident MGW and
BSC through an SDH network.
Figure 2-17 Remote MSCe connected to co-resident MGW and BSC through SDH
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The BSC is connected to the MGW through the FE port instead of a LAN switch or a router,
thus reducing the cost. As the BSC is not connected to the MSCe directly, the A1p signaling
messages are forwarded by the MGW.
Remote MSCe Connected to Co-Resident MGW and BSC Through IP

Figure 2-18 shows the networking of a remote MSCe connected to the co-resident MGW and
BSC through an IP network.
Figure 2-18 Remote MSCe connected to co-resident MGW and BSC through IP
The BSC is connected to the MGW through the FE port instead of a LAN switch or a router,
thus reducing the cost. As the BSC is not connected to the MSCe directly, the A1p signaling
messages are forwarded by the MGW.
BSC Connected to Remote MGW and MSCe Through SDH

Figure 2-19 shows the networking of the BSC connected to the remote MSCe and MGW through
an SDH network.
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Figure 2-19 BSC connected to the remote MSCe and MGW through SDH
The IP address configured for a signaling link is different from that for a service link. Thus, upon
receiving signaling messages from the BSC, the MGW can distinguish different types of
signaling messages.
In such a configuration, the BSC supports only E1/T1 interfaces, and the interface boards are
configured in 1+1 backup mode. If the system requires multiple interface boards, a resource pool
can be built.
The BSC is connected to the MGW through SDU over E1. As the BSC is not connected to the
MSCe directly, the A1p signaling messages are forwarded by the MGW.
BSC Connected to Remote MGW and MSCe Through IP

Figure 2-20 shows the networking of the BSC connected to the remote MSCe and MGW through
an IP network.
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Figure 2-20 BSC connected to the remote MSCe and MGW through IP
IP-Based Transmission Over the PCF Interface

This describes the IP over Ethernet transmission solutions used over the PCF interface between
the BSC and the PDSN or AN AAA.
BSC and PDSN or AN AAA Sharing the Same Equipment Room

Figure 2-21 shows the network topology when the BSC and the PDSN or AN AAA share the
same equipment room.
Figure 2-21 BSC and PDSN or AN AAA sharing the same equipment room
To ensure reliability, links are configured in active/standby mode and the ARP process is used
to detect link faults. When the active link fails and the redundancy link is functional, the
redundancy link takes control of the running services immediately. When LAN switches are
used, routers are not required. Thus, this networking solution helps to reduce the cost.
BSC and PDSN or AN AAA Located in Different Equipment Rooms

Figure 2-22 shows the networking of the BSC and the PDSN or the AN AAA located in different
equipment rooms.
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Figure 2-22 BSC and PDSN or AN AAA located in different equipment rooms
2.5.4 Configurations of IP Addresses for IP-Based Transmission

This describes how to plan and allocate IP addresses when the cBSS system uses IP-based
transmission.
For the Abis interfaces, the IP addresses are configured in the following methods:
l
In a transmission network, one or two logical IP addresses are configured for each BTS.
In a transmission network, one logical IP address of the BSC is configured for each Abis
interface board.
In a directly-connected LAN, one port IP address is configured for each physical port.
For the A1p/A2p interfaces, the IP addresses are configured in the following methods:
l
In a transmission network, one IP address of the BSC is configured for each physical port.
In a transmission network, one IP address of the MGW is configured for each physical port.
In a transmission network, an IP address of the MSCe is configured for each physical port.
For the PCF interfaces, the IP addresses are configured in the following methods:
l
One IP address is configured for each PCF.
One IP address is configured for each AN.
One IP address is configured for each FE port of the A10/A11/A12 interface boards.
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cBSS

Network Planning Guideline

2 cBSS Transmission Network Planning

cBSS Transmission Network Planning

About This Chapter

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2.1 Transmission Ports Supported by the BSC

2.1.1 Specifications of the Physical Transmission Ports of the BSC

Supporting ATM over fractional E1/

Processing the inverse multiplexing

Providing 32 E1/T1 connections

Realizing IP over E1 transmission

Providing 32 E1/T1 connections and

Supporting TDM transmission

Providing four FE ports or one GE

Realizing IP transmission over the

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Providing eight FE ports or two GE

Realizing IP transmission over the

Supporting TDM transmission

Providing one STM-1 optical fiber

Providing two channelized STM-1/

Realizing ATM over E1/T1 over

Providing one channelized STM-1/

Realizing ATM over E1/T1 over

Providing two channelized STM-1/

Realizing IP over E1/T1 over SDH/

Providing one channelized STM-1/

Realizing IP over E1/T1 over SDH/

An STM-1 optical fiber supports 63 E1s and 84 T1s.

2.1.2 Interface Boards of the BSC

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Abis Interface Boards of the BSC

Supporting ATM over fractional E1/T1

Processing the inverse multiplexing over ATM (IMA) of 32 E1/

Realizing the encoding and decoding of ATM IMA frames

Assigning and controlling E1/T1 timeslot channels

Providing 32 E1/T1 connections

Realizing IP over E1 transmission

Supporting the processing of 128-path HDLCs

Providing four FE ports or one GE electrical port

Realizing IP transmission over the Abis interface

Implementing the MAC and PHY functions on Ethernet

Providing eight FE ports or two GE electrical ports

Realizing IP transmission over the Abis interface

Implementing the MAC and PHY functions on Ethernet

Providing two channelized STM-1/OC-3 optical fibers

Realizing ATM over E1/T1 over SDH/Sonet transmission

Realizing inverse multiplexing and demultiplexing of a

Supporting the IMA1.1 protocol, and being forward compatible

Providing one channelized STM-1/OC-3 optical fiber

Realizing ATM over E1/T1 over SDH/Sonet transmission

Realizing inverse multiplexing and demultiplexing of a

Supporting the IMA1.1 protocol, and being forward compatible

Providing two channelized STM-1/OC-3 optical fibers

Realizing IP over E1/T1 over SDH/Sonet transmission

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