5th LEVEL. UNIT 5.

ECOSYSTEMS
NEW WORDS
ecosystem ecosistema
environmententorno, medio
ambiente
interrelate relacionarse entre s
sandarena
relationshipsrelaciones
among entre varios
Terrestrial terrestre
Land tierra
surrounded rodeado

Aquatic acutico
Freshwater agua dulce
saltwater agua salada
faunafauna
flora flora
species especies
poppiesamapolas
population poblacin
community comunidad

ECOSYSTEMS
An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in a place and their
environment. Living things interrelate each other.
Example of ecosystem: a desert, with all the living things there (animals and
plants), the environment (sand, rocks and air) ant the relationships among
them.
Physical environment
It consists of the non-living things (rocks, water, temperature, humidity,
light, etc)
There are two types of physical environments:
Terrestrial environments. Land surrounded by air.
Aquatic environments. Freshwater environments (rivers, lakes) or
saltwater environments (seas, oceans)
Living things
Ecosystems have fauna (all the animals) and flora (all the plants).
Living things are grouped into species (horses, whales, poppies) that can
reproduce.
A population is the group of organisms of the same species living in an
ecosystem.
An community is the group of populations living in an ecosystem.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuejxJttBqo

NUTRITION IN ECOSYSTEMS
NEW WORDS
Survivesobrevivir
Decomposersdescomponedores
Producersproductores
dead muerto
Consumersconsumidores
vulturesbuitres
obtain obtener
fungihongos
Foxes zorros
chainscadenas
Eagles guilas
mushroomshongos, setas,
Scavengers carroeros
championes
Living things obtain food to survive. They can be:
Producers. They make their own food (plants and algae).
Consumers. They obtain food from other living things. Types:
o Primary consumers. They eat producers (herbivores). Rabbits
eat plants.
o Secondary consumers. They eat primary consumers
(carnivores). Foxes eat rabbits.
o Tertiary consumers. They eat secondary consumers
(carnivores). Eagles eat foxes.
Scavengers and decomposers.
o Scavengers eat dead animals (vultures).
o Decomposers. They are microorganisms and fungi, which
decompose dead animals and transform them into minerals for
the soil, used by producers (bacteria and mushrooms).
Food chains
Living things eat other living things in ecosystems.
Producers eat mineral from the soil.
Consumers eat producers.
Scavengers and decomposers eat and decompose consumers.
Decomposers transform animals into minerals from the soil.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pasB5FxhVUk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttpNGJcpJ68

BENEFICIAL AND HARMFUL RELATIONSHIPS

NEW WORDS
beneficial beneficioso
remoras rmoras
harmful perjudicial
Parasitismparasitismo
relationshipsrelaciones
Parasiteparsito
Both ambos
Suffersufrir
benefit beneficio, beneficiarse
fleas pulgas
bees abejas
Competitioncompetencia
Mutualismmutualismo
needs necesidades
Commensalismcomensalismo
squirrels ardillas
Stayquedarse, permanecer
dormicelirones
the same lo mismo, igual
no oneninguno

Different types of relationships between living things in an ecosystem:

Mutualism. Both species take benefit (bees and flowers)
Commensalism. One species benefits and the other stays the same
(remoras and sharks)
Parasitism. One species benefits (parasite)and the other suffers
(fleas and dogs).
Competition. Both species have the same needs (squirrels and
dormice). They compete and no one takes benefit.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sW1gIDmD0j8