CONSTANT EFFORT

SPRINGS

What is a constant effort spring?

Whenever load variation exceeds 25% or exceeds the specified maximum
load variation percentage in a variable hanger, then a Constant Effort Spring
is selected.

Principle of Operation:
In CES the load remains constant when the pipe moves from its cold position to hot position. Thus irrespective of travel the load
remains constant over complete range of movement. The pipe is supported by a drop rod connected via turnbuckle to the end
of the lever arm. The spring coil applies a force to the trunnion arm of the lever which tends to pull the lever-arm UP against the
load of the pipe. The geometry of the lever arm provides a balance btw the pipe load & spring force. The pipe may therefore
move due to thermal expansion while being supported with a nominally constant force through this travel range.

Selection:

Determine the load to be supported by hanger as well as the actual travel, i.e. The actual vertical movement of the pipe
at the point of hanger location, refer load-travel table.

The total travel for constant supports should be equal to actual travel plus 25mm or 20% of design moments whichever
is greater.

After determining the size, consideration of available room for suspending the pipe and hanger will indicate whether a
vertical or horizontal hanger is desirable.

After hanger size & design are determined, the type of constant support to be used depends upon the physical
installation.