CHEMISTRY

INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
(ACADEMIC SESSION: 2016-17)

TO DETERMINE
THE RATE OF
EVAPORATION
OF
VARIOUS
LIQUIDS
UNDER
DIFFERENT
CONDITIONS
2

PREPARED BY-

DIPANGSHUMAN
CHOUDHURY
CLASS: XII C
ROLL: 08

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF-

Mr H.R. BISWAS3
PGT (CHEMISTRY)

Department of Chemistry,

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
BALLYGUNGE
KOLKATA REGION

DECLARATION
I Dipangshuman Choudhury, hereby
declare that the project work entitle
to determine the rate of evaporation
of various liquids, submitted to
Department of Chemistry, Kendriya
Vidyalaya
Ballygunge,
Kolkata,
is
successfully completed and prepared
by me. All the experiments are
genuinely and honestly performed and
the results provided are on the basis of
my own investigations and efforts
under certain guidance.

Signature of student

(Dipangshuman Choudhury)

ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
T
I would like to express a deep sense of
thanks and gratitude to my project guide Mr.
H.R.Biswas Sir for guiding me immensely
through the course of the project. He always
evinced keen interest in my work. His
constructive advice and constant motivation
have been responsible for the successful
completion of this project.
My sincere thanks goes to Dr Suman Lata,
our honorable principal madam, for her coordination in extending every possible
support for the completion of this project .

I also thank my parents and classmates for

their motivation, help and support.

CERTIFICATE
It is hereby to certify that the original and
genuine investigation has been carried out
to investigate about the subject matter and
the related data collection and investigation
has been conducted solely, sincerely and
satisfactorily
by
DIPANGSHUMAN
CHOUDHURY of class XII C of Kendriya
Vidyalaya Ballygunge regarding the project
entitled
Determination
of
Rate
of
Evaporation of Various Liquids. The report
is the result of his efforts and endeavors and

it is found worthy of acceptance as final

project report for the practical examination
in chemistry, AISSCE 2017 conducted by
CBSE.

(Mr H.R.BISWAS)
(Dr. SUMAN LATA)
Department of Chemistry,
Principal Kendriya Vidyalaya Ballygunge,
Kolkata Region.

CERTIFICATE FROM
EXAMINER
The project entitled TO STUDY THE RATE OF
EVAPORATION OF VARIOUS LIQUIDS UNDER
DIFFERENT CONDITIONS, submitted by
DIPANGSHUMAN CHOUDHURY of class XII-C
for the CBSE 10+2 AISSCE Examination
2017, of Chemistry at Kendriya Vidyalaya
Ballygunge, Kolkata has been examined.

(Signature of Examiner)

CONTENTS
1 Objective
2 Introduction
3 Factors affecting Evaporation

Exposed surface area

Temperature difference
Wind velocity
Nature of liquid

4 Bibliography

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OBJECTIVE
The sole objective of this
project entitle to study the
rate of evaporation of various
liquids is to analyze the
various factors(like nature of
liquid, exposed surface area,
temperature and pressure of
surroundings, etc.) that affect
the rate of evaporation of a
certain type of liquid and find
their correlation.

11

INTRODUCTION
When liquid is placed in an open vessel, It
slowly escapes
into
gaseous
phase
eventually leaving the vessel empty. This
phenomenon is known as vaporization or
evaporation.
Evaporation of liquids can be explained in
the terms of kinetic molecular model
although there are strong molecular
attractive forces which hold molecules
together. The molecules having sufficient
kinetic energy can escape into gaseous
phase. If such molecules happen to come
near the surface in a sample of liquid all
the molecules do not have same kinetic
energy.
There is a small fraction of molecules which
have enough kinetic energy to overcome the
attractive forces and escapes into gaseous
phase. Evaporation causes cooling. This is
due to the reason that the molecules which
undergo evaporation have high kinetic
energy therefore the kinetic energy of
the molecules which are left behind is less.

12

Since the remaining molecules which are left

have lower average kinetic energy.
Therefore temperature is kept constant the
remaining liquid will have same distribution
of the molecular kinetic energy and high
molecular energy will kept one escaping
from liquid into gaseous phase of the liquid
is taken in an open vessel evaporation will
continue
until
whole
of the
liquid
evaporates.

FACTORS AFFECTING
EVAPORATION

1) Exposed surface area of

liquid :
Aim : To study the effect of surface area on
the rate of evaporation of diethylether.
Requirement : Three Petri dishes of
diameter 2.5 cm., 5 cm., 7.5 cm. with cover,
10 ml. of pipette and stop watch.
Procedure :

13

1. Clean and dry all Petri dishes and mark

them as A, B and C.
2. Pipette out of 10 ml. diethylether in each
of the Petri dishes A, B and C and cover
them immediately.
3. Uncover all three Petri dishes and start
the stop watch.
4. Note the remaining volume after 10 min.
vaporization of diethyl ether from each Petri
dish.

Observation :
Time : 10 min. = 600 Sec.
Petri
dishe
s
Mark
ed
A
B
C

Diamete Volume T
r of
aken
P.T.Ds.
(ml.)

Remain Evapora
ing Vol. ted
(ml.)
volume

2.5
5.0
7.5

4
2
0

10
10
10

6
8
10

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Results : The order of evaporation of

acetone in three petri dishes as 7.5 > 5.0 >
2.5 cm.

Inference:
As the exposed surface area increases,
the number of particles of the liquid in
contact with the surrounding also
increases. As a result, the number of
molecules escaping from the liquid to
the vapour phase increases, thus
increasing the rate of evaporation.

2) Temperature difference of

liquid and surroundings :

Aim : To study the effect of temperature
on the rate of evaporation of acetone.

15

Requirement : Two Petri dishes of 5

cm. diameter each stop watch, 10 ml.
pipette, thermometer, thermostat.
Procedure :
1. Wash and Clean, dry the Petri dishes
and mark them as A, B.
2. Pipette out of 10 ml. of acetone to
each of Petri dishes A and B and cover
them.
3. Put one Petri dish at room
temperature and to the other heat for
same time.
4. Note the reading.
Observation:
Time: 10 min. = 600 Sec.

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Petri
Time Temperat Volume Ta Evapora
dishes (Sec.) ure (0C) ken (ml.) ted
Marke
volume
d
(ml.)
A
10
30
10
10
B
20
40
10
10
Results: The order of evaporation of
acetone in two Petri dishes as given
Room Temperature < Heating.

Inference:
Higher the temperature difference
between
the
liquid
and
its
surroundings, higher will be the rate of
evaporation.

3) Wind velocity :
Aim : To study the effect of air current
on the rate of evaporation of acetone.

17

Requirement
acetone.

: Two

Petri

dishes

Procedure :
1. Clean and dry the Petri dishes and
mark them as A and B.
2. Keep one dish where no air current
and other under a fast air current.
3. Note the reading.
Observation :
Initial Volume 10 ml. of Acetone.

Petri
Conditi
dishes ons
Marked
A
B

Time
(Sec.)

With fan 40
without 50
fan

Inference:

volume
Evapora
ted
(ml.)
10
10

18

As the wind velocity increases, the

effective pressure above the liquid
surface decreases. Thus, it becomes
easier for the molecules to escape into
the atmosphere and hence the rate of
evaporation increases.

4) Nature of liquids :
Aim : To compare the rates of evaporation
of acetone, benzene and chloroform.

Requirement : Three same size Petri

dishes of diameter 10 cm., 10 ml. pipettes,
stop
watch,
acetone
benzene
and
chloroform.

Observation :
Time : 10 min. = 600 Sec.

Petri
dishes
Marke

19

Liquid Volume Vol.

Rate
Taken remaini Evap. ml./s
(V1)
ng (V2) V=V1

(V/T)

d
A

ml.
10

ml.
2

V2
8

10

10

8/600=0.013
3
7/600=0.011
6
6/600=0.010

Results :
Rate of evaporation of Acetone is 0.0133
ml/s.
Rate of evaporation of Benzene is 0.0166
ml/s.
Rate of evaporation of Chloroform is 0.010
ml/s.
Inference:
A liquid boils when its partial pressure
becomes
equal
to
that
of
the
surrounding. The boiling point of the
liquid depends on the intermolecular
forces it posses. Now, a liquid with
lower boiling point has more volatile
characteristics.
It
achieves
the

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pressure of the surroundings than the

one having relatively higher boiling
point. Thus lower the boiling point of
the
liquid,
faster
the
rate
of
evaporation.

Precaution
I Take equal size of Petri dish.
II Carefully handle the liquids.
III Note the time carefully.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
21

Comprehensive Chemistry Practical

Manual

 NCERT Textbook
Lectures on physical chemistry by Dr. P.
Bahadur and Dr. N. Avasthi.
https://www.youtube.com/
https://www.google.co.in/

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THAN
K
YOU

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