F EI Calculation Workbook

Explanation of the Dow Fire and Explosion Index.
The Fire and Explosion Index (F&E!) calculation is a tool to help determine the areas of greate
also enables one to predict the physical damage that would occur in the event of an incident.
Explanation of the Dow Fire and Explosion Index.
The Fire and Explosion Index (F&E!) calculation is a tool to help determine the areas of greate
also enables one to predict the physical damage that would occur in the event of an incident.
The first step in making the F&EI calculation requires using an efficient and logical procedure
be studied. A process unit is defined as any major item of process equipment. The followi
typical plant.
Unloading facility
Storage tank
Reactor
Distillation Column
Quench Vessel
Storage Vessel
Loading facility
A designation of the Process Unit must be entered in the appropriate space on the F
designation must also be entered on the F&EI form. A Manufacturing Unit is th
chemical processes, mechanical processes, warehouse, packaging lines, etc.
It is quite clear that most manufacturing units have many process units. To calculate the F
process units that could have an impact from a loss prevention standpoint should be evaluate
Units.
Important factors for selecting Pertinent Process Units include:
a. Chemical energy potential (Material Factor)
b. Quantity of hazardous material in the Process Unit
c. Process pressure and process temperature
d. Units critical to plant operation, e.g. Reactor
Important Considerations
A.
The Fire and Explosion Index system assumes that a process unit handles a minimum of
reactive material. If less material is involved, generally the risk will be overstated. H
meaningful results for pilot plants if they handle at least 500 kg) of combustible or reactiv
B.
Careful consideration is needed when equipment is arranged in series and the items are
An example would be a reaction train without an intermediate pump. In such situations
several vessels or just a single vessel should be considered as the Process Unit.
C.
It is also important to give careful consideration to the state or point in time of the opera
as startup, steady-state operation, shutdown, filling, emptying, adding catalyst, etc., o
C.
It is also important to give careful consideration to the state or point in time of the opera
as startup, steady-state operation, shutdown, filling, emptying, adding catalyst, etc., o
rmine the areas of greatest loss potential in a particular process. It

e event of an incident.
rmine the areas of greatest loss potential in a particular process. It

e event of an incident.
nt and logical procedure to determine which process units should

equipment. The following process units could be identified in a
opriate space on the F&EI form. The Manufacturing Unit

nufacturing Unit is the entire production facility including
g lines, etc.
nits. To calculate the Fire and Explo sion Index, however, only
point should be evaluated. These are known as Pertinent Process
t handles a minimum of 2,500 kg of a flammable, combustible or

sk will be overstated. However, F&EI calculations can provide
of combustible or reactive material.
series and the items are not effectively isolated from each other.
ump. In such situations, the type of process determines whether
Process Unit.
oint in time of the operation. By their nature, such normal stages

adding catalyst, etc., often create unique conditions having an
oint in time of the operation. By their nature, such normal stages

adding catalyst, etc., often create unique conditions having an
PLANT NAME
Sheet i.d.
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Unit 6
Unit 7
Unit 8
Unit 9
Unit 10
Unit Description
Butadiene Unloading
Finishing tower
0
0
0
0
0
Xylene storage
LPG Store
Solids pesticides warehouse
Material
Butadiene
Ethylene Oxide
F&EI
0
0
0
0
0
P Xylene
0
0
98.31
144.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
56.37
108.99
41.78
Material factors for unlisted materials can

be estimated by table at the bottom of this
screen
MATERIAL
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1-Ethylidene Dichloride
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,2-Dinitrobenzene
1,3-Butadiene
1,3-Dichloropropene
1,3-Propanediamine
1,4-Dioxane
1-Butanol (Butyl alcohol)
1-Butene
1-Chloro 1-Nitroethane
2,2-Dimethyl-1-Propanol
2,3-Butylene Oxide
2,3-Dichloropropene
2,4-Dinitro Phenol
2-Chloropropane
2-Ethylhezanal
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate
2-Methylpropenal
2-Picoline
3,5-Dichloro Salicylic Acid
4-Vinyl Cyclohexene
Acetaldehyde
Acetic Acid
Acetic Anhydride
Acetone
Acetone Cyanohydrin
Acetonitrile
Acetyl Chloride
Acetyl Ethanolamine
Acetyl Peroxide
Acetyl Salicylic Acid [7]
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Hc
BTU/LB
Hc
Kcal/Kg
Nh
MF
x 10
x 10
Health
3.1
1.7
16
4.5
2.5
10
4.3
2.4
6.2
3.4
24
6.9
3.8
40
7.2
4.0
24
19.2
10.7
16
6.0
3.3
16
13.6
7.6
16
10.5
5.8
16
14.3
7.9
21
19.5
10.8
29
3.5
2.0
16
14.8
8.2
24
14.3
7.9
16
5.9
3.3
40
6.1
3.4
21
10.1
5.6
14
16.2
9.0
24
8.9
4.9
24
15.4
8.6
10
15.0
8.3
24
5.3
2.9
24
19.0
10.6
24
10.5
5.8
14
5.6
3.1
14
7.1
3.9
16
12.3
6.8
24
11.2
6.2
16
12.6
7.0
24
2.5
1.4
14
9.4
5.2
40
6.4
3.6
16
8.9
4.9
29
20.7
11.5
29
11.8
6.6
24
9.5
5.3
Acrylic Acid
Acrylonitrile
Allyl Alcohol
Allyl Bromide
Allyl Chloride
Allyl Ether
Allylamine
Aluminum Chloride
Ammonia
Ammonium Nitrate
Amyl Acetate
Amyl Nitrate
Aniline
Barium Chlorate
Barium Stearate
Benzaldehyde
Benzene
Benzoic Acid
Benzyl Acetate
Benzyl Alcohol
Benzyl Chloride
Benzyl Peroxide
Bisphenol A
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Butane
Butyl Acetate
Butyl Acrylate
Butyl Bromide
Butyl Chloride
Butyl Ether
Butyl Nitrate
Calcium Carbide
Calcium Stearate [6]
Carbon Disulfide
Carbon Monoxide
Chlorine
Chlorine Dioxide
Chloro Methyl Ethyl Ether
Chloroacetyl Chloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
24
7.6
4.2
24
13.7
7.6
16
13.7
7.6
16
5.9
3.3
16
9.7
5.4
24
16.0
8.9
16
15.4
8.6
24
[2]
#VALUE!
8.0
4.4
29
12.4
6.9
16
14.6
8.1
10
11.5
6.4
10
15.0
8.3
14
[2]
#VALUE!
8.9
4.9
10
13.7
7.6
16
17.3
9.6
14
11.0
6.1
12.3
6.8
13.8
7.7
14
12.6
7.0
40
12.0
6.7
14
14.1
7.8
0.0
0.0
10
8.1
4.5
21
19.7
10.9
16
12.2
6.8
24
14.2
7.9
16
7.6
4.2
16
11.4
6.3
16
16.3
9.1
29
11.1
6.2
24
9.1
5.1
#VALUE!
21
6.1
3.4
21
4.3
2.4
0.0
0.0
40
0.7
0.4
14
5.7
3.2
14
2.5
1.4
16
10.9
6.1
1.5
0.8
Chloropicrin
Chlorostyrene
Coumarin
Cumene
Cumene Hydroperoxide
Cyanamide
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclopropane
DER* 331
Di-tert-butyl Peroxide
Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorostyrene
Dicumyl Peroxide
Dicyclopentadiene
Diesel Fuel
Diethanolamine
Diethyl Carbonate
Diethyl Ether
Diethyl Peroxide
Diethylamine
Diethylene Glycol
Diisobutylene
Diisopropyl Benzene
Dimethylamine
Diphenyl Oxide
Dipropylene Glycol
Divinyl Acetylene
Divinyl Ether
Divinylbenzene
DOWANOL* DM
DOWANOL* EB
DOWANOL* PM
DOWANOL* PnB
DOWFROST*
DOWFROST* HD
DOWFROTH* 250
DOWICIL* 200
DOWICIL* 200
DOWICIL* 75
DOWTHERM* 4000
29
5.8
3.2
24
12.5
6.9
24
12.0
6.7
16
18.0
10.0
40
13.7
7.6
29
7.0
3.9
21
19.1
10.6
16
18.7
10.4
10
15.0
8.3
21
21.3
11.8
14
13.7
7.6
40
14.5
8.1
10
8.1
4.5
24
9.3
5.2
29
15.4
8.6
16
17.9
9.9
10
18.7
10.4
10.0
5.6
16
9.1
5.1
21
14.5
8.1
40
12.2
6.8
16
16.5
9.2
8.7
4.8
16
19.0
10.6
10
17.9
9.9
21
15.2
8.4
14.9
8.3
10.8
6.0
29
18.2
10.1
24
14.5
8.1
24
17.4
9.7
10
10.0
5.6
10
12.9
7.2
16
11.1
6.2
10
#VALUE!
9.1
5.1
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
24
9.3
5.2
24
9.3
5.2
24
7.0
3.9
7.0
3.9
DOWTHERM* A
DOWTHERM* G
DOWTHERM* HT
DOWTHERM* J
DOWTHERM* LF
DOWTHERM* Q
DOWTHERM* SR-1
DURSBAN*
Epichlorohydrin
Ethane
Ethanolamine
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Acrylate
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethyl Benzene
Ethyl Benzoate
Ethyl Bromide
Ethyl Butylcarbonate
Ethyl Butyrate
Ethyl Chloride
Ethyl Chloroformate
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Formate
Ethyl Mercaptan
Ethyl Nitrate
Ethyl Propyl Ether
Ethylamine
Ethylbutylamine
Ethylene
Ethylene Carbonate
Ethylene Dichloride
Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether
Ethylene Glycol Monoacetate
Ethylene Oxide
Ethylenediamine
Ethylenimine
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Formaldehyde (Anhydrous Gas)
Formaldehyde (solutions 37-56%)
Formic Acid
15.5
8.6
15.5
8.6
#VALUE!
10
17.8
9.9
16.0
8.9
17.3
9.6
7.0
3.9
14
19.8
11.0
24
7.2
4.0
21
20.4
11.3
10
9.5
5.3
16
10.1
5.6
24
11.0
6.1
16
11.5
6.4
16
17.6
9.8
12.2
6.8
5.6
3.1
14
10.6
5.9
16
12.2
6.8
21
8.2
4.6
16
5.2
2.9
21
14.4
8.0
16
8.7
4.8
21
12.7
7.1
40
6.4
3.6
16
15.2
8.4
21
16.3
9.1
16
17.0
9.4
24
20.8
11.6
14
5.3
2.9
16
4.6
2.6
7.3
4.1
10
11.6
6.4
8.0
4.4
29
11.7
6.5
10
12.4
6.9
29
13.0
7.2
40
#VALUE!
16
13.4
7.4
21
8.0
4.4
10
#VALUE!
10
3.0
1.7
Fuel Oil #1
Fuel Oil #2
Fuel Oil #3
Fuel Oil #4
Furan
Gasoline
Glycerine
Glycolonitrile
Heptane
Hexachloro Diphenyl Oxide
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexanal
Hexane
Hydrazine (anhydrous)
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Cyanide
Hydrogen Peroxide (40 to 60%)
Hydrogen Sulfide
Hydroxylamine
Hydroxypropyl Acrylate
Isobutane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Isobutylamine
Isobutylchloride
Isopentane
Isoprene
Isopropanol
Isopropenyl Acetylene
Isopropyl Acetate
Isopropyl Chloride
Isopropyl Ether
Isopropylamine
Jet Fuel A & A-1
Jet Fuel B
Kerosene
Lauryl Bromide
Lauryl Mercaptan
Lauryl Peroxide
LORSBAN* 4E
Lube Oil (mineral)
m-Diethyl Benzene
Magnesuim
10
18.7
10.4
10
18.7
10.4
10
18.7
10.4
10
18.7
10.4
21
12.6
7.0
16
18.8
10.4
6.9
3.8
14
7.6
4.2
16
19.2
10.7
14
5.5
3.1
14
2.0
1.1
16
15.5
8.6
16
19.2
10.7
29
7.7
4.3
21
51.6
28.7
24
10.3
5.7
14
[2]
#VALUE!
21
6.5
3.6
29
3.2
1.8
24
10.4
5.8
21
19.4
10.8
16
14.2
7.9
16
16.2
9.0
16
11.4
6.3
21
21.0
11.7
24
18.9
10.5
16
13.1
7.3
24
#VALUE!
16
11.2
6.2
21
10.0
5.6
16
15.6
8.7
21
15.5
8.6
10
21.7
12.1
16
21.7
12.1
10
18.7
10.4
12.9
7.2
16.8
9.3
40
15.0
8.3
14
3.0
1.7
19.0
10.6
10
18.0
10.0
14
10.6
5.9
Maleic Anhydride
Methacrylic Acid
Methane
Methyl Acetate
Methyl Acrylate
Methyl Alcohol
Methyl Amyl Ketone
Methyl Borate
Methyl Carbonate
Methylcellulose (bag storage)
Methylcellulose Dust [7]
Methyl Chloride
Methyl Chloroacetate
Methyl Cyclopentadiene
Methyl Ether
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Formate
Methyl Hydrazine
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Methyl Mercaptan
Methyl Methacrylate
Methyl Vinyl Ketone
Methylacetylene
Methylamine
Methylcyclohexane
Methylene Chloride
Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate
Mineral Oil
Mineral Seal Oil
Monochlorobenzene
Monoethanolamine
n-Butylamine
n-Propyl Ether
n-Propyl Nitrate
N-SERV*
Naphtha, VM & P, Regular
Naphthalene
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobiphenyl
Nitrochlorobenzene
Nitroethane
Nitroglycerine
14
5.9
3.3
24
9.3
5.2
21
21.5
11.9
16
8.5
4.7
24
18.7
10.4
16
8.6
4.8
10
15.4
8.6
16
#VALUE!
16
6.2
3.4
6.5
3.6
16
6.5
3.6
21
5.5
3.1
14
5.1
2.8
14
17.4
9.7
21
12.4
6.9
16
13.5
7.5
21
6.4
3.6
24
10.9
6.1
16
16.6
9.2
21
10.0
5.6
24
11.9
6.6
24
13.4
7.4
24
20.0
11.1
21
13.2
7.3
16
19.0
10.6
2.3
1.3
14
12.6
7.0
17.0
9.4
10
17.6
9.8
16
11.3
6.3
10
9.6
5.3
16
16.3
9.1
16
15.7
8.7
29
7.4
4.1
14
15.0
8.3
16
18.0
10.0
10
16.7
9.3
14
10.4
5.8
12.7
7.1
7.8
4.3
29
7.7
4.3
40
7.8
4.3
Nitromethane
Nitropropanes
o-Bromotoluene
o-Chlorophenol
Octane
Oleic Acid
p-Ethyl Toluene
p-Nitrotoluene
p-Xylene
Pentamethylene Oxide
Pentane
Peracetic Acid
Perchloric Acid
Petroleum - Crude
Phenol
Polyethylene
Polystyrene Foam
Polystyrene Pellets
Potassium (metal)
Potassium Chlorate
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium Perchlorate
Potassium Peroxide
Propanal
Propane
Propargyl Alcohol
Propargyl Bromide
Proprionic Nitrile
Propyl Acetate
Propyl Alcohol
Propylamine
Propylbenzene
Propylchloride
Propylene
Propylene Dichloride
Propylene Glycol
Propylene Oxide
Pyridine
Sodium Chlorate
Sodium Dichromate
Sodium Hydride
Sodium Hydrosulfite
40
5.0
2.8
24
9.7
5.4
10
8.5
4.7
10
9.2
5.1
16
20.5
11.4
16.8
9.3
10
17.7
9.8
14
11.2
6.2
16
17.6
9.8
16
13.7
7.6
21
19.4
10.8
40
4.8
2.7
29
[2]
#VALUE!
16
21.3
11.8
10
13.4
7.4
10
18.7
10.4
16
17.1
9.5
10
#VALUE!
24
#VALUE!
14
[2]
#VALUE!
29
[2]
#VALUE!
14
#VALUE!
14
#VALUE!
16
12.5
6.9
21
19.9
11.1
29
12.6
7.0
40
13.6
7.6
16
15.0
8.3
16
11.2
6.2
16
12.4
6.9
16
15.8
8.8
16
17.3
9.6
16
10.0
5.6
21
19.7
10.9
16
6.3
3.5
9.3
5.2
24
13.2
7.3
16
5.9
3.3
24
#VALUE!
14
#VALUE!
24
#VALUE!
24
#VALUE!
Sodium Perchlorate
Sodium Peroxide
Stearic Acid
Styrene
Sulfur Chloride
Sulfur Dioxide
SYLTHERM* 800
SYLTHERM* XLT
t-Butyl Hydroperoxide
t-Butyl Peracetate
t-Butyl Perbenzoate
t-Butyl Peroxide
t-Octyl Mercaptan
TELONE* C-17
TELONE* II
Toluene
Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate
Tributylamine
Trichloroethylene
Triethanolamine
Triethylaluminum
Triethylamine
Triethylene Glycol
Triisobutylaluminum
Triisopropylbenzene
Trimethylaluminum
Tripropylamine
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Acetylene
Vinyl Allyl Ether
Vinyl Butyl Ether
Vinyl Chloride
Vinyl Ethyl Ether
Vinyl Toluene
Vinylidene Chloride
Zinc Chlorate
Zinc Stearate [7]
14
#VALUE!
14
#VALUE!
15.9
8.8
24
17.4
9.7
14
1.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
12.3
6.8
10
14.1
7.8
40
11.9
6.6
40
10.6
5.9
40
12.2
6.8
29
14.5
8.1
10
16.5
9.2
16
2.7
1.5
16
3.2
1.8
16
17.4
9.7
24
10.6
5.9
10
17.8
9.9
10
2.7
1.5
14
10.1
5.6
29
16.9
9.4
16
17.8
9.9
9.3
5.2
29
18.9
10.5
18.1
10.1
29
16.5
9.2
10
17.8
9.9
24
9.7
5.4
29
19.5
10.8
24
15.5
8.6
24
15.4
8.6
24
8.0
4.4
24
14.0
7.8
24
17.5
9.7
24
4.2
2.3
14
[2]
#VALUE!
4
10.1
5.6
0
Footnotes: The net Heat of Combustion (Hc) is the value obtained when the water formed in the combustion is considered to be in the vapor state.
to BTU/lb by multiplying by 1800 and dividing by molecular weight.
[1] Vacuum distillation.
[6] MF is packaged material.
[2] Material oxidized to higher level of oxidation.
[7] Evaluate as a dust.
[3] Sublimes.
[8] Decomposes.
[4] Explodes on heating.
[9] After extended use > 600 F, th
[5] Decomposes in water.
Seta = Setaflash Method (See NFPA 321)

Other Flash Points determined by Tag Closed Cup Method (TCC).
NA = Not Applicable
Material factor for unlisted materials
MATERIAL FACTOR DETERMINATION GUIDE

Flamm
ability
Rankin
g
Liquids & Gases Flammability or
Combustibility
Instability Ranking
NFPA
325M
or 49
Non-combustible2
14
24
F.P. > 200 F (> 93.3 C)
14
24
F.P. > 100 F (> 37.8 C) 200 F ( 93.3 C)

F.P. 73 F ( 22.8 C)
< 100 F (< 37.8 C) or
F.P. < 73 F (< 22.8 C) &
BP. 100 F ( 37.8 C)
F.P. < 73 F (< 22.8 C) &
B.P. < 100 F (< 37.8 C)
2
3
10
16
14
16
24
24
21
21
24
16
21
24
16
21
24
24
24
24
Combustible Dust or Mist

St-1 (KSt 200 bar m/sec)
St-2 (KSt = 201-300 bar m/sec)
St-3 (KSt > 300 bar m/sec)
Combustible Solids
Dense > 40 mm thick
1
4
14
24
Open < 40 mm thick
2
10
14
24
Foam, fiber, powder, etc.
3
16
16
24
F.P. = Flash Point, closed cup B.P. = Boiling Point at Standard Temperatures and Pressure (STP)
NFPA Rating
Nf
Ni
Flash
Flash
Boiling
Flammability
Instability
Point (F)
Point (C)
Point (F)
None
#VALUE!
165
-17
135 - 138
160
71
313
222
106
415
36 39
#VALUE!
140
302
150
606
-105
-76
24
95
35
219
124
51
276
54
12
214
84
29
243
Gas
#VALUE!
21
133
56
344
98
37
237
-15
149
59
15
201
#VALUE!
-26
-32
95
112
44
325
214
101
410
35
154
102
39
262
#VALUE!
61
16
266
-36
-38
69
103
39
244
126
52
282
-4
-20
133
165
74
203
42
179
40
124
355
179
304 - 308
#VALUE!
[4]
#VALUE!
Gas
#VALUE!
-118
-15
-26
127
#VALUE!
257[1]
124
51
286
32
171
72
22
207
28
-2
160
-20
-29
113
20
-7
203
-4
-20
128
#VALUE!
[3]
Gas
#VALUE!
-28
#VALUE!
410
60
16
300
118
48
306 - 315
158
70
364
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
148
64
354
12
-11
176
250
121
482
195
91
417
200
93
403
162
72
387
#VALUE!
175
79
428
#VALUE!
138
124
51
313
-76
-60
31
72
22
260
103
39
300
65
18
215
15
-9
170
92
33
288
97
36
277
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
-22
-30
115
Gas
#VALUE!
-313
Gas
#VALUE!
-29
Gas
#VALUE!
50
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
223
84
29
270
#VALUE!
143
#VALUE!
234
165
74
372
#VALUE!
554
96
36
306
175
79
[4]
286
141
500
Gas
#VALUE!
55
-4
-20
179
154
68
322
Gas
#VALUE!
-29
485
252
878
65
18
231
151
66
357
225
107
#VALUE!
90
32
342
100 130
#VALUE!
315
342
172
514
77
25
259
-49
-45
94
[4]
#VALUE!
[4]
-18
-28
132
255
124
472
23
-5
214
170
77
401
Gas
#VALUE!
44
239
115
496
250
121
449
< -4
#VALUE!
183
< -22
#VALUE!
102
157
69
392
197 (Seta)
#VALUE!
381
150
66
340
90 (Seta)
#VALUE!
248
138
59
338
215 (TOC)
#VALUE!
370
None
#VALUE!
240
300 (Seta)
#VALUE!
473
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
252 (Seta)
#VALUE!
330
236 (Seta)
#VALUE!
495
266 (Seta)
#VALUE!
551
322 (TOC)
#VALUE!
650
136 (Seta)
#VALUE!
358
240
116
550 558
249 (Seta)
#VALUE!
513
232
111
325
81 110
#VALUE!
88
31
241
Gas
#VALUE!
-128
185
85
339
24
-4
171
48
211
55
13
173
70
21
277
190
88
414
None
#VALUE!
100
122
50
275
75
24
248
-58
-50
54
61
16
203
-49
-45
94
-4
-20
130
<0
#VALUE!
95
50
10
190
< -4
#VALUE!
147
<0
#VALUE!
62
64
18
232
Gas
#VALUE!
-155
290
143
351
56
13
181 183
232
111
387
29
-2
174
215
102
347
-4
-20
51
110
43
239
12
-11
135
Gas
#VALUE!
-307
-15
185
Gas
#VALUE!
-6
140 181
#VALUE!
206 212
122
50
213
100 162
#VALUE!
304 574
126 204
#VALUE!
142 240
#VALUE!
150 270
#VALUE!
< 32
#VALUE!
88
-45
-43
100 400
390
199
340
#VALUE!
25
-4
209
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
90
32
268
-7
-22
156
100
38
236
Gas
#VALUE!
-423
-18
79
#VALUE!
226 237
Gas
#VALUE!
-76
[4]
#VALUE!
158
207
97
410
Gas
#VALUE!
11
82
28
225
15
-9
150
< 70
#VALUE!
156
< -60
#VALUE!
82
-65
-54
93
53
12
181
< 19
#VALUE!
92
34
194
-26
-32
95
-18
-28
156
-15
-26
93
110 150
#VALUE!
400 550
-10 30
#VALUE!
100 162
#VALUE!
304 574
291
144
356
262
128
289
#VALUE!
85
29
165
300 450
#VALUE!
680
133
56
358
#VALUE!
2025
215
102
395
171
77
325
Gas
#VALUE!
-258
14
-10
140
27
-3
177
52
11
147
102
39
302
< 80
#VALUE!
156
66
19
192
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
-50
-46
-12
135
57
266
120
49
163
Gas
#VALUE!
-11
16
-9
176
-2
-19
89
21
-6
190
64
18
242
Gas
#VALUE!
43
50
10
213
20
-7
179
Gas
#VALUE!
-10
Gas
#VALUE!
21
25
-4
214
#VALUE!
104
460
238
[9]
380
193
680
275
135
480 680
84
29
270
185
85
339
10
-12
171
70
21
194
68
20
230
102
39
300
28
-2
212 320
174
79
424
190
88
411
290
143
626
261
127
457 475
82
28
237
[4]
#VALUE!
[4]
95
35
213
75 93
#VALUE!
249 269
174
79
359
147
64
47
56
13
258
372
189
547
887
475
324
223
106
460
77
25
279
-4
-20
178
< -40
#VALUE!
97
105
41
221
#VALUE!
66 [8]
20 90
#VALUE!
175
79
358
NA
#VALUE!
NA
NA
#VALUE!
NA
NA
#VALUE!
NA
#VALUE!
1410
#VALUE!
752
#VALUE!
752
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
[8]
-22
-30
120
Gas
#VALUE!
-44
97
36
237 239
50
10
192
36
207
55
13
215
74
23
207
-35
-37
120
86
30
319
<0
#VALUE!
115
-162
-108
-54
60
16
205
210
99
370
-35
-37
94
68
20
240
#VALUE!
[4]
#VALUE!
[4]
#VALUE!
[4]
#VALUE!
[4]
#VALUE!
[4]
#VALUE!
[4]
385
196
726
88
31
293
1 [5]
245
118
280
Gas
#VALUE!
14
>320 [9]
#VALUE!
398
108
42
345
< 80 or above
#VALUE!
[9]
< 80
#VALUE!
[4]
> 190
#VALUE!
[4]
64
18
176
115
46
318 329
79
26
200
83
28
220
40
232
270
132
484
145
63
417
None
#VALUE!
189
354
179
650
#VALUE!
365
16
-9
193
350
177
546
32
414
207
97
495
105
41
313
18
-8
163
Gas
#VALUE!
41
< 68
#VALUE!
153
15
-9
202
-108
-78
< -50
#VALUE!
96
125
52
334
-18
89
#VALUE!
Ignites spontaneously in air#VALUE!
1
0
530
277
on is considered to be in the vapor state. When Hc is given in kcal/gm mole, it can be converted
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
MF is packaged material.
Evaluate as a dust.
Decomposes.
After extended use > 600 F, the flash point can potentially drop to 95 F.
NA = Not Applicable
TOC = Tag Open Cup Method

* Trademark of the Dow Chemical Company
N GUIDE
ility Ranking
e (STP)
29
40
29
40
29
29
40
40
29
40
29
29
29
40
40
40
29
29
29
40
40
40
Boiling
Point (C)
74
57-59
156
213
60
319
-4
104
136
101
117
-6
173
114
65
94
#VALUE!
35
163
210
68
128
#VALUE!
130
21
118
139
56
95
82
51
151-153
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
-83
53
125[1]
141
77
97
71
45
95
53
[3]
-33
210
149
152 - 157
184
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
179
80
250
214
206
197
#VALUE!
220
59
156
-1
127
149
102
77
142
136
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
46
-192
-34
10
#VALUE!
106
132
62
112
189
290
152
#VALUE!
260
13
82
161
-34
470
111
181
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
172
157
268
126
34
#VALUE!
56
244
101
205
7
258
232
84
39
200
194
171
120
170
188
116
245
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
166
257
288
343
181
288 - 292
267
163
#VALUE!
116
-89
171
77
99
78
136
212
38
135
120
12
95
34
54
35
88
64
17
111
-104
177
83 - 84
197
79
175
11
115
57
-188
85
-21
97 - 100
101
151 - 301
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
31
38 - 204
171
#VALUE!
98
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
131
69
113
-253
26
108 - 114
-60
70
210
-12
107
66
69
28
34
83
33
90
35
69
34
204 - 288
#VALUE!
151 - 301
180
143
#VALUE!
74
360
181
1107
202
163
-161
60
81
64
150
69
89
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
-24
130
73
-24
80
32
88
117
6
101
82
-23
-6
101
40
#VALUE!
360
249 - 360
132
171
77
90
110
149
100 - 160
218
211
330
236 - 246
114
[-16]
101
121 - 132
182
8
126
286
162
238
137
81
36
105
19 [8]
#VALUE!
181
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
766
400
400
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
49
-42
114 - 115
89
97
102
97
49
159
46
-48
96
188
34
116
[4]
[4]
[4]
[4]
[4]
[4]
386
145
138
-10
203
174
[9]
[4]
[4]
80
159 - 165
93
104
111
251
214
87
343
185
89
286
212
257
-18
156
73
5
67
94
-14
36
168
32
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
DETERMINATION OF MATERIAL FACTO
The Material Factor (MF) is the basic starting value in the computation of th
risk analysis values. The MF is a measure of the intrinsic rate of potential e
fire or explosion produced by combustion or chemical reaction.
The MF is obtained from the flammability and instability rankings accord

Generally, the flammability and instability rankings are for ambient tem
recognized that the fire and reaction hazards of a material increase markedly
The fire hazard from a combustible liquid at a temperature above its flash po
that from a flammable liquid at ambient temperature. Reaction rates also incre
with temperature. If the temperature of the material on which the MF is based
C), a certain adjustment may be required, as discussed below under
Adjustment of Material Factor.
Appendix A provides a listing of MFs for a number of chemical compounds

these values will be used in most cases. If Appendix A does not list the materia
and instability rankings may possibly be found in NFPA 325M or NFP
Unlisted Substances
If neither Appendix A, NFPA 49, nor NFPA 325M contains values for the
or compound in question, these values will have to be determined from
ranking or dust class (St) (see Table l). First, the parameters shown in the
table will have to be determined. The flammability ranking of liquids an
from flash point data, and the St of dusts or mists is determined by dust
The flammability ranking of combustible solids depends on the nature
categorized in the left column.
Theinstabilityrankingcanbeobtainedfromaqualitativedescriptiono
MATERIAL FACTOR DETERMINATION GU

Flammability
Ranking
Instabilit
Non-combustible 2
14
F.P. > 200 F (> 93.3 C)
14
F.P. > 100 F (> 37.8 C) 200 F (

93.3 C)
F.P. 73 F ( 22.8 C)
10
14
16
16
Flammability
Ranking
Instabilit
Non-combustible 2
14
F.P. > 200 F (> 93.3 C)
14
F.P. > 100 F (> 37.8 C) 200 F (

93.3 C)
F.P. 73 F ( 22.8 C)
< 100 F (< 37.8 C) or
F.P. < 73 F (< 22.8 C) &
BP. 100 F ( 37.8 C)
F.P. < 73 F (< 22.8 C) &
B.P. < 100 F (< 37.8 C)
10
14
16
16
21
21
16
21
24
16
21
24
2
2
2
Combustible Dust or Mist3

St-1 (KSt 200 bar m/sec)
St-2 (KSt = 201-300 bar m/sec)
St-3 (KSt > 300 bar m/sec)
Combustible Solids
Notes:
1 Includes volatile solids.
2 Will not burn in air when exposed to a temperature of 816 C for a period of f
3 K values are for a 16 Litre or larger closed test vessel with strong ignition
St
68, Guide for Venting of Deflagrations.
4 Includes wood 2 inches nominal thickness, magnesium ingots, tight stacks
PROCESS UNIT HAZARDS FACTORS
After the appropriate Material Factor has been determined, the next step
Process Unit Hazards Factor (F3), which is the term that is multiplied by the
obtain the F&EI.
The numerical value of the Process Unit Hazards Factor is determined by fir
General Process Hazards Factor and Special Process Hazards Factor listed o
Each item which contributes to the Process Hazards Factors contributes to t
escalation of an incident that could cause a fire or an explosion.
When calculating the penalties comprising the Process Unit Hazards Factor
specific instant in time during which the material under consideration is in t
normal operation state associated with the Process Unit. Startup, continu
shutdown are among the operational states that may be considered.
This rather strict definition is intended to prevent double or triple counting of

during the process. Since the MF is taken to be that of the most hazardous su
the Process Unit, it can be certain that the Fire and Explosion analysis will rea
Each item which contributes to the Process Hazards Factors contributes to t

escalation of an incident that could cause a fire or an explosion.
When calculating the penalties comprising the Process Unit Hazards Factor
specific instant in time during which the material under consideration is in t
normal operation state associated with the Process Unit. Startup, continu
shutdown are among the operational states that may be considered.
This rather strict definition is intended to prevent double or triple counting of

during the process. Since the MF is taken to be that of the most hazardous su
the Process Unit, it can be certain that the Fire and Explosion analysis will rea
worst case when focus is placed on the most hazardous operational point inv
this will be a realistic worst case one that could actually occur.
In the F&EI system, only one hazard may be evaluated at a time. If the
flammable liquid present in the Process Unit, do not take penalties relating to
even though dust may be present at a different time. A reasonable approach m
the Process Unit once using the MF of the flammable liquid and a second tim
the dust. Only the calculation resulting in the highest F&EI and Actual M
Property Damage need to be reported.
One important exception is the hybrid, described previously under Mixtu

mixture is selected as the most hazardous material present, it is penalized both
flammable vapor in the Process Unit Hazards Factor sections of this manual.
Some items on the F&EI form have fixed penalty values. For those that do
appropriate penalty by consulting the text that follows. Remember analyze
a time, relating the analysis to a specific, most hazardous time (e.g., startup, n
shutdown). Keep the focus on the Process Unit and Material Factor selecte
keep in mind that the results of the final calculation are only as valid as the app
penalty assessments.
The entry of all the pertinent information to allow calculation of the Fire and E
the radius of exposure is made in the excel workbook F&EI Calculation w
ATERIAL FACTOR
in the computation of the F&EI and other

rinsic rate of potential energy release from
reaction.
tability rankings according to NFPA 704.

gs are for ambient temperatures. It is
terial increase markedly with temperature.
rature above its flash point is equivalent to
Reaction rates also increase very markedly
n which the MF is based is over 140
iscussed below under C. Temperature
of chemical compounds and materials, and

A does not list the material, the flammability
NFPA 325M or NFPA 49 adjusted for
contains values for the substance, mixture

e to be determined from the flammability
parameters shown in the left column of the
ty ranking of liquids and gases is obtained
ts is determined by dust explosion testing.
depends on the nature of the material as
qualitativedescriptionoftheinstability(or
RMINATION GUIDE
ty
Instability Ranking
1
14
24
14
24
10
14
24
16
16
24
ty
Instability Ranking
1
14
24
14
24
10
14
24
16
16
24
21
21
24
16
21
24
16
21
24
24
24
24
816 C for a period of five minutes.

sel with strong ignition source. See NFPA
sium ingots, tight stacks of solids and tight
RDS FACTORS
ermined, the next step is to calculate the

hat is multiplied by the Material Factor to
ctor is determined by first determining the

Hazards Factor listed on the F&EI form.
Factors contributes to the development or
xplosion.
ess Unit Hazards Factor, F

der consideration is in the most hazardous
Unit. Startup, continuous operation and
considered.
ble or triple counting of hazards occurring

of the most hazardous substance present in
plosion analysis will really be based upon a
Factors contributes to the development or

xplosion.
ess Unit Hazards Factor, F

der consideration is in the most hazardous
Unit. Startup, continuous operation and
considered.
ble or triple counting of hazards occurring

of the most hazardous substance present in
plosion analysis will really be based upon a
ous operational point involving the MF, and
ually occur.
ated at a time. If the MF is based on a

ake penalties relating to combustible dusts
A reasonable approach might be to evaluate
liquid and a second time using the MF of
est F&EI and Actual Maximum Probable
previously under Mixtures. If a hybrid

sent, it is penalized both as a dust and as a
ections of this manual.
lues. For those that do not, determine the

. Remember analyze only one hazard at
ous time (e.g., startup, normal operation or
Material Factor selected for analysis and
e only as valid as the appropriateness of the
ulation of the Fire and Explosion Index and

ok F&EI Calculation workbook S2S June
Butadiene Unloading
Fire and Explosion Index
98.31
Material Factor (see Material Data tab)
24.00
NFPA Health rating (Nh)
NFPA Flammability rating (Nf)
NFPA Instability rating (Ni)
General Process Hazards

Base
1A Exothermic Reaction (range of input 0.3 - 1.25)

1B Endothermic Reaction (input range 0.2 - 0.4)
1C Material Handling and Transfer (input range 0.25 - 0.8)
1D
1E
1F
0.50
0.00
Ease of Access for Emergency Responders
0.20
Drainage and Spill Control
0.10
General Process Hazards Factor
1.80
Base
2C
2D
2E
2F
2G1
2G2
2G3
2H
2I
2J
2K
2L
0.00
Enclosed or Indoor Process or storage Units handling

Flammable materials
2A Toxicity of the material handled.

2B
1
0.00
1
0.40
Process or Storage operates at vacuum (<500mmHg) -penalty

0.5
0.00
Operation in or near the flammable range (input range 0.0 - 0.8)
0.30
Dust Explosion (input range 0.0 - 2.0)
0.00
Pressure Penalty
0.00
Low Temperature Operation
0.00
Combustible and Flammable materials in Process
0.00
Liquids or gases in Storage
0.48
Solids in Storage or Process
0.00
Corrosion and Erosion (input range 0.0 -0.75)
0.00
Leakage, Joints, packing, flexible joints
0.10
Use of Fired Equipment (fig 6)
0.00
Hot Oil Heat Exchange Equipment (table 5)
0.00
Rotating Equipment
0.00
Special Process Hazards Factor
2.28

Level 2 Risk Analysis is not triggered
98.31
Finishing tower
144.43
29.00

Base

1D
1E
1F
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.20
1.40
Base
2C
2D
2E
2F
2G1
2G2
2G3
2H
2I
2J
2K
2L
0.00

Flammable materials

2B
1
0.00
1
0.60

0.5
0.00
0.80
0.00
Pressure Penalty
0.00
0.00
0.96
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
Rotating Equipment
0.00
3.56

Level 2 Risk Analysis is triggered
144.43
0
0.00
0.00

Base

1D
1E
1F
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
Base
2C
2D
2E
2F
2G1
2G2
2G3
2H
2I
2J
2K
2L
0.00

Flammable materials

2B
1
0.00

0.5
Operation in or near the flammable range (input range 0.0 0.8)
1
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Pressure Penalty
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Rotating Equipment
0.00
1.00
0.00
0
0.00
0.00

Base

1D
1E
1F
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
Base
2C
2D
2E
2F
2G1
2G2
2G3
2H
2I
2J
2K
2L
0.00

Flammable materials

2B
1
0.00
1
0.00

0.5
0.00
0.00
0.00
Pressure Penalty
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Rotating Equipment
0.00
1.00
0.00
0
0.00
0.00

Base

1D
1E
1F
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
Base
2C
2D
2E
2F
2G1
2G2
2G3
2H
2I
2J
2K
2L
0.00

Flammable materials

2B
1
0.00
1
0.00

0.5
0.00
0.00
0.00
Pressure Penalty
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Rotating Equipment
0.00
1.00
0.00
0
0.00
0.00

Base

1D
1E
1F
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
Base
2C
2D
2E
2F
2G1
2G2
2G3
2H
2I
2J
2K
2L
0.00

Flammable materials

2B
1
0.00
1
0.00

0.5
0.00
0.00
0.00
Pressure Penalty
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Rotating Equipment
0.00
1.00
0.00
0
0.00
0.00

Base

1D
1E
1F
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
Base
2C
2D
2E
2F
2G1
2G2
2G3
2H
2I
2J
2K
2L
0.00

Flammable materials

2B
1
0.00
1
0.00

0.5
0.00
0.00
0.00
Pressure Penalty
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Rotating Equipment
0.00
1.00
0.00
Xylene storage
56.37
16.00

Base

1D
1E
1F
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.00
1.35
Base
2C
2D
2E
2F
2G1
2G2
2G3
2H
2I
2J
2K
2L
0.00

Flammable materials

2B
1
0.00
1
0.40

0.5
0.00
0.30
0.00
Pressure Penalty
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.81
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
Rotating Equipment
0.00
2.61

56.37
LPG Store
108.99
24.00

Base

1D
1E
1F
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.50
1.85
Base
2C
2D
2E
2F
2G1
2G2
2G3
2H
2I
2J
2K
2L
0.00

Flammable materials

2B
1
0.00
1
0.40

0.5
0.00
0.30
0.00
Pressure Penalty
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.65
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
Rotating Equipment
0.00
2.45

108.99
Solids pesticides warehouse

41.78
14.00

Base

1D
1E
1F
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.50
1.85
Base
2C
2D
2E
2F
2G1
2G2
2G3
2H
2I
2J
2K
2L
0.00

Flammable materials

2B
1
0.00
1
0.20

0.5
0.00
0.00
0.00
Pressure Penalty
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Rotating Equipment
0.00
1.61

41.78

F EI Calculation Workbook

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Explanation of the Dow Fire and Explosion Index.

Explanation of the Dow Fire and Explosion Index.

rmine the areas of greatest loss potential in a particular process. It

rmine the areas of greatest loss potential in a particular process. It

nt and logical procedure to determine which process units should

opriate space on the F&EI form. The Manufacturing Unit

t handles a minimum of 2,500 kg of a flammable, combustible or

oint in time of the operation. By their nature, such normal stages

oint in time of the operation. By their nature, such normal stages

Material factors for unlisted materials can

Seta = Setaflash Method (See NFPA 321)

Material factor for unlisted materials

MATERIAL FACTOR DETERMINATION GUIDE

F.P. > 200 F (> 93.3 C)

F.P. > 100 F (> 37.8 C) 200 F ( 93.3 C)

Combustible Dust or Mist

Ignites spontaneously in air#VALUE!

TOC = Tag Open Cup Method

DETERMINATION OF MATERIAL FACTO

The MF is obtained from the flammability and instability rankings accord

Appendix A provides a listing of MFs for a number of chemical compounds

MATERIAL FACTOR DETERMINATION GU

F.P. > 200 F (> 93.3 C)

F.P. > 100 F (> 37.8 C) 200 F (

F.P. > 200 F (> 93.3 C)

F.P. > 100 F (> 37.8 C) 200 F (

Combustible Dust or Mist3

PROCESS UNIT HAZARDS FACTORS

This rather strict definition is intended to prevent double or triple counting of

Each item which contributes to the Process Hazards Factors contributes to t

This rather strict definition is intended to prevent double or triple counting of

One important exception is the hybrid, described previously under Mixtu

in the computation of the F&EI and other

tability rankings according to NFPA 704.

of chemical compounds and materials, and

contains values for the substance, mixture

816 C for a period of five minutes.

sium ingots, tight stacks of solids and tight

ermined, the next step is to calculate the

ctor is determined by first determining the

ess Unit Hazards Factor, F

ble or triple counting of hazards occurring

Factors contributes to the development or

ess Unit Hazards Factor, F

ble or triple counting of hazards occurring

ated at a time. If the MF is based on a

previously under Mixtures. If a hybrid

lues. For those that do not, determine the

ulation of the Fire and Explosion Index and

Material Factor (see Material Data tab)

NFPA Health rating (Nh)

NFPA Flammability rating (Nf)

NFPA Instability rating (Ni)

General Process Hazards

1A Exothermic Reaction (range of input 0.3 - 1.25)

Ease of Access for Emergency Responders

Drainage and Spill Control

General Process Hazards Factor

Enclosed or Indoor Process or storage Units handling

2A Toxicity of the material handled.

Process or Storage operates at vacuum (<500mmHg) -penalty

Operation in or near the flammable range (input range 0.0 - 0.8)

Dust Explosion (input range 0.0 - 2.0)

Low Temperature Operation