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C.7

389

Conversion factors
Table C.7.1 Conversion factors

Imperial to SI metric

SI metric to Imperial

Plane angle
1 degree
1 minute
1 second

 0.017 453 3 rad

 0.290 888 103 rad
 4.848 14 106 rad

1 rad
1 rad
1 rad

 57.2958 degree
 3437.75 minute
 206 265 second

Length
1 mile
1 chain
1 yd
1 ft
1 in







1.609 344 km
20.1168 m
0.9144 m
0.3048 m
25.4 mm

1 km
1 km
1m
1m
1m







Area
1 mile2
1 acre
1 acre
1 yd2
1 ft2
1 in2








2.589 99 km2
0.404 686 ha
4046.86 m2
0.836 127 m2
0.092 903 0 m2
645.16 mm2

1 km2
1 ha
1 m2
1 m2
1 m2
1 mm2

 0.386 102 mile2

 2.471 05 acre
 0.247 105 103 acres
 1.195 99 yd2
 10.7639 ft2
 0.001 55 in2

Volume, etc.
1 acre.ft
1 yd3
1 ft3
100 super ft
1 ft3
1 gal (imp.)
1 gal (US)
1 in3
1 in3











1233.48 m3
0.764 555 m3
0.028 316 8 m3
0.235 973 m3
28.3168 litre
4.546 09 litre
3.785 litre
16.3871 103 mm3
16.3871 mL

1 m3
1 m3
1 m3
1 m3
1 litre
1 litre








1 mm3
1 mL

 0.061 023 6 103 in3

 0.061 023 6 in3

Second moment of area

1 in4
 0.416 231 106 mm4

1 mm4

 2.402 51 106 in4

Mass
1 ton (imp)  1.016 05 t

1t

 0.984 206 ton (imp)

1 kg
1g

 2.204 62 lb
 0.035 274 oz

Mass/unit length
1 lb/ft
 1.488 16 kg/m
1 lb/100 yd  4.960 55 g/m
1 lb/mile
 0.281 849 g/m

1 kg/m
1 g/m
1 g/m

 0.671 971 lb/ft

 0.201 591 lb/100 yd
 3.548 lb/mile

Mass/unit area
1 lb/ft2
1 oz/yd2
1 oz/ft2

1 kg/m2
1 g/m2
1 g/m2





1 lb
1 oz

 0.453 592 37 kg
 28.3495 g

 4.882 43 kg/m2
 33.9057 g/m2
 305.152 g/m2

0.621 371 mile

49.7097 chain
1.093 61 yd
3.280 84 ft
39.3701 in

0.810 712 103 acre.ft

1.307 95 yd3
35.3147 ft3
423.776 super ft
0.035 314 7 ft3
0.219 969 gal (imp.)

0.204 816 lb/ft2

0.029 494 oz/yd2
0.003 277 06 oz/ft2

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Table C.7.1 Conversion factors (continued)

Imperial to SI metric
Mass/unit time
1 lb/s
1 ton/h




SI metric to Imperial

1 kg/s
1 t/h

 2.204 62 lb/s
 0.984 207 ton/h

Density (mass/unit volume)

1 lb/ft3
 16.0185 kg/m3
3
1 lb/yd
 0.593 278 kg/m3
1 ton (imp)/yd3  1.328 94 t/m3

1 kg/m3
1 kg/m3
1 t/m3

 0.062 428 lb/ft3

 1.685 56 lb/yd3
 0.752 48 ton (imp)/yd3

Force
1 lbf
1 tonf (imp)

1N
1 kN

 0.224 809 lbf

 0.100 361 tonf (imp)

Moment of force (torque)

1 kip.in
 0.112 985 kN.m
1 kip.ft
 1.355 82 kN.m
1 tonf (imp).ft  3.037 04 kN.m

1 kN.m
1 kN.m
1 kN.m

 8.850 75 kip.in
 0.737 562 kip.ft
 0.329 269 tonf (imp).ft

Force / unit length

1 lbf/ft
1 tonf (imp)/ft

1 N/m
1 kN/m

 0.068 522 lbf/ft

 0.030 590 tonf (imp)/ft

Modulus of elasticity, pressure, stress

1 tonf (imp)/in2  15.4443 MPa
1 kip/in2
 6.894 76 MPa
1 tonf (imp)/ft2  107.252 kPa
1 kip/ft2
 47.8803 kPa

1 MPa
1 MPa
1 MPa
1 kPa

 0.064 749 tonf (imp)/in2

 0.145 038 kip/in2
 9.323 85 tonf (imp)/ft2
 0.020 885 4 kip/ft2

Work, energy, heat

1 lb.ft
1 Btu

1.355 82 J
1055.06 J = 0.293 W.h

1J
1J

 0.737 562 lbf.ft

 0.947 813 103 Btu

Power, rate of heat flow

1 hp

1 Btu/h


0.7457 kW
0.293 071 W

1 kW
1W

 1.341 02 hp
 3.412 14 Btu/h

Thermal conductivity
1 Btu/(ft.h.F) 

1.730 73 W/(m.K)

1 W/(m.K)

 0.577 789 Btu/(ft.h.F)










0.453 592 kg/s

1.016 05 t/h

4.448 22 N
9.964 02 kN

14.5939 N/m
32.6903 kN/m

Coefficient of heat transfer

1 Btu/(ft2.h.F)  5.678 26 W/(m2.K)

1 W/(m2.K)  0.176 10 Btu/(ft 2.h.F)

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Table C.7.1 Conversion factors (continued)

Imperial to SI metric
Temperature value

SI metric to Imperial

5
  (F  32)
9

9
  C  32
5

5
  F
9

1F

9
  C
5

 0.3048 m/s

1 m/s

1 mile/h

 1.609 344 km/h

1 km/h

1 mile/h
1 knot
1 knot
1 knot






1 m/s
1 km/h
1 m/s









1 m/s2

 3.280 84 ft/s2

1 m3/s
1 litre/s
1 litre/s
1 litre/s
1 m3/s
1 m3/s








C
Temperature interval
1C
Velocity, speed
1 ft/s

Acceleration
1 ft/s2

0.447 04 m/s
1.852 km/h
0.514 m/s
1.151 mile/h

 0.3048 m/s2

Volumetric flow
1 ft3/s

1 ft3/min

1 gal (imp)/min 
1 gal (imp)/h

1 million gal/day 
1 acre ft/s


0.028 316 8 m3/s

0.471 947 litre/s
0.075 682 litre/s
1.262 80 103 litre/s
0.052 6168 m3/s
1233.481 m3/s

3.280 84 ft/s
3.600 km/h
0.621 371 mile/h
0.2778 m/s
2.236 94 mile/h
0.5340 knot
1.943 knot

35.3147 ft3/s
2.118 88 ft3/min
13.1981 gal (imp)/min
791.888 gal (imp)/h
19.0053 million gal (imp)/day
0.8107 103 acre.ft/s

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Table C.7.1 Conversion factors (continued)

Conversion from Imperial, or MKS,

to SI units

Conversion from SI to Imperial or

MKS units

(i) Force
pound force
1 lbf
 4.448 20 N
 4.448 20 105 dyne
 32.174 pdl

newton
1N

kilopound force
1 kip  4.448 kN
1 kip  1000 lbf

kilonewton
1 kN






ton force (long)

1 tonf  9.964 kN
1 tonf  2240 lbf
poundal
1 pdl
1 pdl

 0.224 81 lbf
 7.233 pdl
 0.101 97 kgf
224.81 lbf
0.2248 kip
0.1003 tonf
101.972 kgf
0.101 97 megapond

 0.138 26 N
 0.0311 lbf

kilogram force
1 kgf  9.806 65 N
1 kgf  2.2046 lbf
 70.931 pdl
megapond (technical unit)
1 Mp
 9.806 65 kN
1 Mp
 1000 kgf
 2204.6 lbf
megadyne (c.g.s. unit)
1 Mdyn  10.00 N
1 Mdyn  2.2481 lbf
 72.33 pdl
(ii) Line load
pound force per ft run
1 lbf/ft  14.594 N/m
kilopound per ft run
1 kip/ft  14.594 kN/m
ton force per ft run
1 ton/ft  32.690 kN/m
kilogramforce per metre
1 kgf/m  9.807 N/m
 0.6720 lbf/ft

newton per metre

1 N/m  0.0685 lbf/ft
kilonewton per metre
1 kN/m  68.52 lbf/ft
 0.0306 tonf/ft
 0.0685 kip/ft
 101.97 kgf/m

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APPENDIX C: DESIGN AIDS

Table C.7.1 Conversion factors (continued)

Conversion from Imperial, or MKS,

to SI units
(iii) Stress, pressure, distributed load
pound force per sq in
1 lbf/sq in
 6.895 kPa
1 lbf/sq in
 0.006895 MPa

Conversion from SI to Imperial or

MKS units
megapascal
(meganewton per sq metre)
1 MPa
 145.04 lbf/sq in
 0.145 ksi
 20.885 ksf
 9.32 tonf (imp)/sq ft

ton force per sq in

(long ton)
1 tonf (imp)/sq in  15.44 MPa
 2240 lbf/sq in
ton force per sq ft
1 tonf (imp)/sq ft  107.25 kPa
kilopound force per sq in
1 ksi
 6.895 MPa

kilopascal
1 kPa
pascal
1 Pa

kilopound force per sq ft

1 ksf
 47.88 kPa

 0.020 89 ksf
 0.009 32 tonf (imp)/sq ft
 1.45 104 lbf/sq in
 1 N/m2

kilogram force per sq cm

 98.07 kPa
1 kgf/cm2
 14.223 lbf/sq in
atmosphere
1 atm

 101.3 kPa
 14.696 lbf/sq in

bar
1 bar

 14.504 lbf/sq in
 100 kPa
 1.02 kgf/cm2

(iv) Bending, moment, torque

pound force inch
1 lbf.in
 0.1130 N.m
pound force foot
1 lbf.ft
 1.356 N.m
ton force (imp) inch
1 tonf.in  0.2531 kN.m
ton force (imp) foot
1 tonf.ft  3.0372 kN.m
kilopound force inch
1 kip.in  0.1130 kN.m
kilopound force foot
1 kip.ft  1.356 kN.m
kilogram force centimetre
1 kgf.cm  0.0981 N.m
 0.0723 lbf.ft
megapond metre
1 Mp.m  9.81 kN.m

newton metre
1 N.m
 8.851 lbf.in
 0.7376 lbf.ft
 10.20 kgf.cm
kilonewton metre
1 kN.m







737.6 lbf.ft
3.951 tonf (imp).in
0.3293 tonf (imp).ft
8.851 kip.in
0.7375 kip.ft
0.1020 Mp.m

393