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I. I NTRODUCTION
Fig. 1.
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AMIN et al.: SMART SENSING MATERIALS FOR LOW-COST CHIPLESS RFID SENSOR
Fig. 2.
Conductivity of various organic and inorganic semiconductor
materials [14].
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(1)
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Fig. 3.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 4.
XRD picture of ZnO thin film. The insert is its AFM picture.
(2)
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Fig. 8.
Fig. 7.
Transparent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) films.
(A) Films of the indicated thickness on quartz substrates. (B) A large,
80-nm-thick film on sapphire substrate 10 cm in diameter. (C) Fixed film on
a Mylar sheet. (D) AFM image of a 150 nm thick t-SWNT film surface (color
scale: black to bright yellow, 30 nm). The text in (A) to (C) lies behind the
films [Reproduced from Ref. Wu Z Cet. Al Transparent, conductive carbon
nanotube films. Science 305 (2004) 1273-1276].
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Fig. 9. (a) Layout of chipless RFID tag sensor. The simulation is performed in
CST MWS with Taconic TLX_0 as substrate with substrate height of 0.5 mm;
r = 2.45 and tan = 0.0019. The dimensions are: Ws = 7.3 mm; Ls =
6.8 mm; Ss = 0.3 mm; Gs = 0.2 mm, We = Le = 6 mm, Ge = 0.3 mm;
Se = 4.4 mm. (b) Simulated RCS magnitude of the tag sensor.
In a chipless RFID humidity sensor, the tag provides identification and relative humidity of the environment wirelessly.
Humidity is one of the most important physical parameters for
assessment of air quality in controlled rooms; in monitoring
food conservation; in detecting water damage in enclosed
walls, buildings and archives. There is an ongoing demand
for low-cost, flexible, passive humidity sensor for numerous
real world applications [36].
Moreover, a chipless RFID temperature threshold sensor
permanently changes its resonant property once a critical
temperature is exceeded. Traditional temperature sensitive
polymers have a reversible dielectric property change with
temperature. Hence, a microwave resonator of this material
would have resonant frequency shift during both endothermic
and exothermic processes. However, a sublimate material permanently changes its dielectric property when a critical temperature is attained. Once the critical temperature is reached,
these materials show no dielectric property change even if the
temperatures go below the critical temperature. This feature
is used to realize a chipless RFID temperature sensor that
triggers only once [37]. Following two sections present a
real time humidity sensor and a temperature threshold sensor
respectively.
B. Design of Chipless RFID Tag Sensor
In our chipless RFID tag sensor, a rectangular patch with
three U shaped slot is designated for data encoding and an
electric inductor capacitor (ELC) resonator performs environment sensing [7].
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Fig. 10. (a) Photo of experimental setup at our RFID laboratory. (b) Setup
for reading S21 of our tag sensor inside the esky chamber. (c) Photograph of
chipless RFID humidity sensor on with substrate height of 0.5 mm; r = 2.45
and tan = 0.0019.
Fig. 11.
(a) Measured transmission coefficient (calibrated) (S21 ) versus
frequency for the chipless RFID humidity sensor with PVA coating. (b) A
detail experimental results with ELC resonator as humidity sensor.
Fig. 12.
Sensitivity curve for measured frequency shift. The curve is
normalized by the resonant frequency at minimum RH (35%).
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Fig. 13. Measured transient response (S21 ) of ELC resonator for different
times at 85 C. (a) Magnitude. (b) Phase.
Fig. 14. Measured resonant frequency of ELC resonator versus time while
the set temperature is 65, 75, 85 and 95 C.
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Fig. 15.
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