Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Juan Segundo-Ramrez
Universidad Autonoma
de San Luis Potos
aaron.esparza@alumnos.uaslp.edu.mx
Universidad Autonoma
de San Luis Potos
juan.segundo@uaslp.mx
Universidad Autonoma
de San Luis Potos
calberto@uaslp.mx
I. I NTRODUCTION
In recent decades several blackouts in regions and whole
countries have occurred, which have led to important research
efforts looking to investigate their causes and at the same time,
try to prevent future events [1][3]. A common conclusion in
those research works is that monitoring systems of electrical
network must be improved. A key element to achieve this
goal is the wide area measurement system (WAMS), and
more specically the phasor measurement units (PMUs) or
synchrophasors. Many PMUs have been installed in power
systems around the world [3][7]. The PMUs were initially
used for monitoring task, then were included in the area of
protection, and recently are being incorporated in the control
area. Due to the high sampling rate and accuracy, it was
possible to close the control loop not only locally, but in wide
area, introducing in this way the wide area control systems
(WACS).
Wide area control systems are responsible of achieving
different control objectives through signals and measurements
taken of a wide area network. Control objectives can be
focused on a large region of the network or part of it. In
addition, the control signals could be sent to one or more
devices, in the case of multiple control actuators. The WACS
are in charge of coordinating control actions for each device.
Generally, wide area control is 3 to 20 times more efcient
than local control, depending on the network and the control
location [8].
Use of WAMS and WACS have, among others, the following benets:
Improve the understanding of the dynamic networks
behavior.
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V. C ONCLUSION
This paper presents a detailed review of wide area control
systems that incorporate FACTS devices for different applications. WAMS have allowed the implementation of WACS on
power systems. The recent WACS application using FACTS
shows the control capacity of these devices to improve the
dynamic and steady state performance of power networks.
Most of the applications found in this review are related
with damping power systems oscillations, but also it is shown
applications with other control objectives, such as, maximize
power transfer and enhance power system behavior minimizing undesirable effects when including renewable energy. In
case of multiple control objectives, coordinated control in
WACS is a good option because some devices can be in charge
in one objective control and remaining devices with others
objectives and effectively perform all objectives. Wide area
control still have many challenges to be done, and FACTS
devices can be a solution to face them as is presented in this
review.
From the viewpoint of control theory is necessary to impulse
time delay research in WACS in order to be considered in the
control design stage. In this way, real time simulators are a
useful tool to develop and testing the designed control laws.
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