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Investigatory
Project
Kamal Singh
12th A
K.V. 2 Colaba
Mumbai
FERTILIZERS
Certificate
This is hereby to certify that the
original and genuine investigation
work has been carried out to
investigate about the subject matter
and the related data collection and
investigation has been completed
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
EXAMINER
SIGNATURE
TEACHER SIGNATURE
It would be my utmost
pleasure to express my
sincere thanks to my
Chemistry teacher
CONTENTS
Background of study
Statement of the problem
Hypothesis
Significance of the study
Score and Limitation
Definition of terms
Experimentation and
Analysis
Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
Plants need to be fertilized because most soil
does not provide essential nutrients required for
optimum growth. Even if the person is lucky enough
to start with great garden soil, as your plants grow,
they absorb nutrients and leave the soil less fertile.
Nutrients in the soil also help plants grow strong.
Some nutrients that plants need are nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and
sulfur.
Fertilizers, also known as food elements, are
materials produced to supple these elements in a
readily available form of plant use. It helps to make
plants grow faster which help some farmers and
gardeners for their business. Choosing the right
fertilizer help us to get everything we need from the
plants we eat or from the meat of animals that eat
plants. Plants are factories that do all of the work to
process the basic elements of life and make them
available to us.
Statement of the
problem
This research aim to compare 2 different brand of
fertilizer: Chemical fertilizer and Citrus Sinensis
Peeling (bio-fertilizers), specifically the researchers
sought to answer the following questions:
Hypothesis
The researchers will determine the effectivity of the
product by testing the effectivity of 2 brand of
fertilizer in separate plants (Plant A and Plant B).
After the testing, the researchers will record the
result and make a statement about the research.
Significance of the
study
The study is beneficial to:
1.
Farmers and gardeners- the benefit of this
study will help them to improve the quality of
their products, save time with their work, and get
a higher profit.
2.
Environment- the benefit of this study will
help our environment by helping the soil and
plants to sustain their needs and provide the
essential nutrients required for optimum growth.
3.
Agricultural company- the benefit of this
study will help them to give a good service to
their customers by giving them a high and good
quality products (ex: rice, vegetables, and fruits)
4.
Community- the benefit of this study will help
the community
to sense this as a source of
income if made into a business.
Definition of terms
Experimentation
Materials:
Methodology
Procedure:
1.
Sow seeds thinly on shallow furrows across
the seed pot, and cover lightly with fine topsoil.
Do not broadcast seeds when sowing to avoid
thick germination in one place.
2.
3.
Apply liberal amount of fertilizer (Citrus
Sensis Peeling for pot A and branded fertilizer for
pot B) at the base of the plants, then cover
lightly with soil and water immediately.
4.
Water the plant whenever necessary or
depending on your own judgment or observation
of the plant
5.
Always remember to give both pots a
presence of sunlight for their process of growing.
6.
Observe
As long as the researchers followed the
procedures, success of experimentation will be
Analysis of fertilizers
Elements:
NITROGEN:
Major fertilizers containing N:
(a) Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)
(b) Potassium nitrate (KNO3)
(c) Urea (NH2CONH2)
(d) Ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4]
Preparation:
Most of nitrogen fertilizers are obtained form
synthetic NH3. This chemical compound is used as
gas or in water
solution or it is converted to salts.
Nitrogen Deficiencies
(a) Pale, green, yellow leaves
(b) Stunted growth
Nitrogen in Excess
(a) Lower disease resistance
(b) Weaken stem
(c) Decay maturity
(d) Lower fruit quality
PHOSPHORUS:
Major fertilizers containing P:
(a)DAP Diammonium phosphate [(NH4)2PO4]
(b)Ca3(PO4)2 Calcium phosphate
(c)Triple phosphate and super phosphate
Preparation:
Most phosphoric fertilizers are obtained by the
treatment of calcium phosphate with H2SO4 and
phosphoric
fertilizers. Calcium phosphate is mainly derived from
phosphate rock and bones. Phosphate rock is found
in
Preparation:
It is the seventh most abundant element found in
earths crust. Potassium chloride which is principal
commercial
form of potash and some KNO3 is also used for
production of potash fertilizer.
Potassium deficiencies:
Fertilisers V
Experiment
1. Take a
pinch of
fertilizer +
few drops of
dil. H2SO4
2. Take a
pinch of
fertilizer +
few drops of
conc.
H2SO4
Observation
No reaction
Inference
Dil. group
absent
No reaction
Conc. group
absent
3. Take 1 ml
No reaction
of soda
extract and
acidify it with
Volatile group
absent
dil
HCl. Add few
drops of BaCl2
soln. to it.
4. A pinch of
fertilizer +
few drops of
NaOH soln.
Heat it.
No reaction
Zero group
absent
5. Take 1 ml
of O.S
(original
solution) in a
solution
and to it add
few drops of
dil. HCl
No reaction
1st group
absent
6. Take 1 ml
of O.S
(original
solution) in a
solution,
to it add few
drops of dil.
HCl. Warm
the solution,
and pass H2S
gas.
No reaction
2nd group
absent
7. Take 1 ml
No reaction
of O.S
(original
solution) in a
solution
and to it add
few drops of
dil. HCl .add
few drops
of conc.
HNO3.heat it.
Cool it. Add a
pinch of solid
NH4Cl
followed by
excess of
NH4OH.
8. Take 1 ml
No reaction
of O.S
(original
solution) in a
solution
and to it add
few drops of
dil. HCl. Add a
pinch of
solid NH4Cl
followed by
excess of
NH4OH. Warm
the solution
and pass H2S
3rd group
absent
IV group
absent
gas.
9. Take 1 ml
White ppt
of OS + few
drops of dil.
HCl + a pinch
of solid NH4Cl
+ 1 or 2 ml of
(NH4)2CO3
V group
present, may
be
Ba2+, Kr2+
or Ca2+
Ca2+
confirmed.
11. Flame
test
Ca2+
confirmed.
Brick red
flame
RESULT
Fertilizer has Ca2+ as cation. (The fertilizer detected
is Vermi Compost).
*****
FertilizerIII
Experiment
Observation
Inference
1. Take 1 ml
Prussian blue Nitrogen
of Lassaigne colour
present in
Solution
elemental
(L.S.)* in a
form.
test
tube and to it
add few
drops of
freshly
prepared
ferrous
sulphate
solution.
Heat it. Cool
it. Add few
drops of
conc. H2SO4
RESULT
The given fertilizer has N in elemental form. (The
fertilizer detected is urea).
(Urea)
O.C.N + Na NaCN
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Following Books and websites were a source for
my project.
Wikipedia
NCERT Chemistry Textbook for class 12
ECO CORP.
Google