HOMEWORK-7

A.AVINASH
ME14BTECH11001
1.
ai=

vi
vi
vj+
xj
t
aj
ai
vi+
xi
t

Thus we get,
The expression for jerk as,
da
dt

=
=

vj
vj
vj
vj
vk +
)
(
vk +
)
xk
t
xk
t
vi+
xi
t

vj
vj vk vj vj
vj vk 2 vj
vi
vk +
+
+
vk +
+ 2
xi xk
xk xi xi t
t xk
xk t
t

2.
Here,
x1 = (1+t)X1
x2 = (1/(1+t))X2
Velocity:
u=

d x1
=X 1
dt

u=( x 1X 1)/t

Also,

v=

d x2
2
= X 2 (1/ ( 1+t ) )
dt

v = x22 / X 2

Acceleration:
Now,
a1 = (u1/x1) u1 + (u1/x2) u2 + (u1/t)
a1 = (2/(1+t)2).x1 + 0 - 2x1/(1+t)2
a1 = 0
a2 = (u2/x1) u1 + (u2/x2) u2 + (u2/t)
a2 = 0 + (-/(1+t)).u2 + 2x2/(1+t)2
a2 = 0
Total acceleration, a = 0
STREAMLINE:
Now, the expression for streamline can be obtained by the
following equation:
d x1 d x2
=
u
v
d x1
d x2
=
( x 1X 1)/t x 22 / X 2

Let us take, x1 = x and x2 = y

Now, from above equation
We get,

dy/dx = u2/u1

 dy/dx = - y/x
now, integrating
we get,
y

d y/ y
yo

d x / x

xo

On further simplification,
ln(y/yo) = ln(xo/x)
xy=xoyo
Pathline:
Similarly,
We have
dx/dt = u1 = x/(1+t), dy/dt = -y/(1+t)
now solving for x from first equation,
x

d x/x =
x
o

1+
d t /
t

t)

to

x/xo = (1+t)/(1+to)
now solving for y from above equation,

1+
d t /

d y/ y
yo

t)

to

y/yo = (1+to)/(1+t)
now we take, xo,yo , to = 0
therefore,
we get
x/xo = (1+t)
y/yo = 1/(1+t)
Hence,

xy =xoyo
we can observe that streamlines and pathlines are same in
the above example.
We plot the deformation contour as below:
The arrows represent the streamlines (direction of flow)

3.
We first consider the following lines:
Streamline :
a line along which the flow of a moving fluid is least turbulent.
Pathline:
A Pathline is the actual path travelled by an individual fluid
particle over some time period.
Streakline:
A Streakline is the locus of particles that have earlier passed
through a prescribed point.

We have,
For steady flow streamlines, path lines and streaklines are same.
Reason:
For steady flow all the flow parameters doesn't change with
respect to time so all the streamlines ,pathlines,steeak lines
coincide with each other . also, it is meaningless to differentiate
them individually.
If only streamlines and pathlines are coinciding then it is not
necessary imply that flow would be steady.
4.
Here,
x 1=X 1 et

x 2=X 2 et

Velocity:
u=

d x1
=2 t X 1 e t
dt

u=2 t x 1

Also,
v=

d x2
=X 2 et
dt

v =x 2

For acceleration,
a1 = (u1/x1) u1 + (u1/x2) u2 + (u1/t)
a1 = (2t.u1 + 0 + x1.2 + u1.2t)e1
a1=(8t2.x1 + 2.x1)e1

a2 = (u2/x1) u1 + (u2/x2) u2 + (u2/t)

a2 = 0+(-1).u2+x2
a2 = (2x2)e2
Total Acceleration:
a = (8t2.x1 + 2.x1)e1 + (2x2)e2
STREAMLINE:
Now, the expression for streamline can be obtained by the
following equation:
d x1 d x2
=
u
v
d x 1 d x2
=
2 t x 1 x 2

d x1
dx
=2t 2
x1
x2

Integrating,
log x 1=2 t log x 2 +C

We can now see that,

at t=0, x 1=X 1 , x2 =X 2

Therefore,
We get,
C=log X 1

So finally equation of streamline will be as follows,

log

x1
=2 t log x 2
X1

PATHLINE:
Now, for pathline,

We find expressions for x1 and x2

d x1
=2t x1
dt

d x1
= 2 t dt
x1

Integrating, we get
2

log x 1=t +C 1

Now second equation,

d x2
=x 2
dt

d x2
= 1dt
x2

Integrating, we get
log x 2=t +C 2

Applying same boundary condition,

at t=0, x 1=X 1 , x2 =X 2

We get,
log

x1 2
=t
X1

And
log

x2
=t
X2

log

X2
=t
x2

Eliminating t , we get equation of pathline as follows,

x
X
log 1 = log 2
X1
x2

We plot the deformation contour as below:

The arrows represent the streamlines (direction of flow)

5.
We have here ,
L=
0

D = (1/2)*(L+LT)

 /2

/2

w = (1/2)*(L-LT)
=

/2

0
/2

0
0

Now ,
To find eigen values for D
/2

det

/ 2

=0

2
( )=0

2
3

()

=0 , /2 , /2
now,
for eigen vectors,
for =0

, eigen vector is 0
0
1

for = / 2

for = /2

eigen vector is 1
1
0

eigen vector is 1
-1
0

also,
for w,
/2

1
det

/2

=0

i, /2
i
1=0 , /2

for 1=0

, eigen vector is 0
0
1

i
for 1= /2

eigen vector is 1

-i
0

for 1= /2i

eigen vector is 1
i
0

We also have the general equation of w

w=0

3
3 0 1

- 2

2
10

Comparing this with the previous result obtained

W=

0
/2

/2

0
0
0

0
0

 1=0
2=0
3=

/2

Therefore,

Axial vector of spin vector = 0

0
/2

Deformation contour is as follows :