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box grater
Microplane grater
rotary grater
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reduce these cheeses to fine, pillowy piles that are best
sprinkled on hot pizza only after its been removed
from the oven. Otherwise, the cheese may burn. (For
recommendations on how and when to add cheese to
pizza, see How to Add Toppings to Your Pizza.)
Rolling pin: A rolling pin is adequate for shaping pizza
dough if youre not comfortable shaping and stretching
it by hand. Keep in mind, however, that using a rolling
pin will push out much of the doughs air and yield a
flatter, denser pizza crust.
Flour
Flour is by far the most important ingredient in pizza. When
mixed with water and kneaded into dough, its proteins
develop gluten, the elastic substance responsible for pizzas
characteristically chewy texture. Maximum gluten development is particularly important for pizza dough so that it can
be stretched thin and become crispy on the exterior yet
retain a chewy interior when exposed to high heat.
The more protein present in flour, the more gluten it can
produce. Different types of flour contain different amounts
of protein, so the type of flour you use to make pizza dough
has a big effect on the finished product.
Semolina Flour
Traditionally used to make pasta, semolina flour is made
from coarsely ground, high-protein (about 13%) durum
wheat and has a distinctly yellow color. It contributes a
golden hue and crunchy texture when added in small quantities to pizza dough. Many preblended pizza flours contain
some semolina flour.
All-Purpose Flour
Type 00 Flour
Water
Yeast
Yeast is a microscopic, single-celled fungus that serves
as the leavening agent in most types of breads. It feeds
on sugar and starch present in the uncooked dough and
releases carbon dioxide in a process called fermentation.
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All rights reserved.
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Writer: Jon Orren
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Sugar
In large quantities, sugar weakens gluten networks in
baked goods. Bread and pizza dough recipes call for only
small quantities of sugar to feed the yeast and speed up
the fermentation process. Unless instructed otherwise,
use granulated sugar because it is easier for the yeast to
consume than unrefined sugars.
Salt
Small quantities of salt are important for balancing the taste
of pizza dough as well as strengthening its gluten network.
You can use any kind of salt in your dough, but be aware
that most brands of sea salt contain calcium and magnesium that will make the dough heavier in the same way that
calcium and magnesium in hard water will.
Olive oil
Olive oil tenderizes pizza dough and lubricates it, making it
possible to handle the otherwise tacky, sticky dough without adding too much bench flour. Deep-dish pizza calls for
larger quantities of oil to generate a flaky, buttery crust.
Cheese
Though historical accounts suggest that the first pizzas
were made without cheese, its hard for people today to
imagine pizza without it. Italian cheesessuch as mozzarella, buffalo mozzarella, provolone, fontina, Parmesan,
gorgonzola, soft goat cheese, and ricottaare popular
for pizza-making, but you may use just about any cheese
you desire.
Tomato Sauce
The fundamental question regarding tomato sauce in pizza
is whether the sauce should be cooked. Some pizza aficionados insist that tomato sauce should never be cooked
before being spread on pizza dough. It should consist, they
say, only of pureed fresh tomatoes or high-quality canned
San Marzano tomatoes (a type of plum tomato originating
in Naples, Italy) and perhaps some fresh garlic and herbs.
Fans of sweeter-tasting tomato sauce tend to prefer cooked
sauces beause the tomatoes natural sweetness becomes
more concentrated when the sauce is cooked.
Oven
Unless youre lucky enough to own a brick oven, a conventional gas or electric oven is your best bet for cooking pizza
indoors. Home ovens cant even come close to reaching the
800900F temperature range typical of commercial pizza
ovens, but you can still take some steps to make sure that
your oven gets as hot as possible.
1. Make sure that your ovens interior is clean. Charred
food residue on the walls and floor of an oven can
affect the flavors of the foods you cook.
2. Cook your pizza directly on a pizza stone. Preheat your
oven for 30 minutes with the stone in it so that the
stone reaches its maximum temperature in advance.
Pizza pans cook pizza adequately in home ovens, but
they dont generate crusts as crisp as pizza stones do.
3. Set your oven for the highest temperature setting
youre comfortable with. Pizzas crisp up quickest in an
oven thats 500F or hotter, but some ovens generate a
lot of smoke at this temperature. If so, try 450F.
Grill
Depending on the time of year and the quality of ventilation
in your kitchen, cooking pizzas in your oven can heat your
kitchen to an uncomfortable level. If this is the case, or if
you simply want to enjoy the outdoors, consider cooking
your pizza on the grill.
blooming yeast
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3. With the mixer still running, slowly add the yeast/
water/oil/sugar mixture until the dough comes together
and forms a rough ball shape around the dough hook.
If the dough isnt coming together, add some of the
remaining 1/2 cup of flour, one tablespoon at a time,
until it forms a ball.
4. Once the dough has formed into a ball, turn off the
mixer, cover with plastic wrap or a kitchen towel, and
let the dough rest for 20 minutes.
5. After the dough has rested, turn the mixer back on and
allow it to knead the dough for another 5 minutes.
6. Remove the dough from the mixer and round the
dough. (See step 8 of How to Mix and Knead Pizza
Dough in a Food Processor, earlier in this section.)
pulling dough
pressing dough
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3. Stretch the dough toward the edges of the pan by
pulling it in all directions. If the dough is too elastic and
refuses to stretch, allow it to relax for several minutes.
Once youve formed your pizza dough into a thin disk, you
can start to lay down toppings on your pizza. Whether
youre closely following a recipe or improvising and creating
your own special pizza, there are some basic guidelines you
should follow when adding toppings.
Quick Dough
Though the best-tasting dough comes out of a slow proofing
process, you can make your dough and serve your pizza the
same day by letting your dough proof at room temperature.
Use 2 1/4 teaspoons of dry active yeast rather than 1 1/2
teaspoons, and rather than refrigerate your rounded and
oiled dough, simply place your covered bowl in a warm spot
in your kitchen for two hours. The countertop adjacent to
your oven is a good spot. After two hours, proceed with the
instructions for How to Shape and Stretch the Dough in
How to Make Basic Pizza Dough.
Semolina Dough
Using some semolina flour in your dough will give your crust
a golden hue and will lend thinly stretched dough a slightly
crunchier crust and thicker dough a chewier texture. To
add semolina flour, follow the basic pizza dough recipe but
replace 3/4 cups of the bread flour with semolina flour and
reduce the amount of water by 1 cup.
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6. Take advantage of the moment when your pizza is
piping hot to grate additional cheese over it or to
sprinkle it with olive oil or sea salt if desired. Serve the
pizza whole or cut it into slices.
7. If youll be making additional pizzas, make sure to wipe
the peel clean so that the next pizza doesnt stick to it.
Alternate Pizzas
Deep-Dish Pizza
6. Prick the dough with a fork and bake the crust for
10 minutes.
7. Allow the crust to cool before adding toppings.
Sicilian Pizza
The original Sicilian pizza, a pizza variation known as sfincione from Palermo, Italy, featured ingredientstraditionally pecorino cheese and anchoviespressed into the dough
rather than spread over the top of it. Today, most Americans
associate Sicilian pizza with the doughy, thick-crusted rectangular pizzas sold all over the country. (See Pizza Recipes
for both versions of this pizza.)
Pissaladire
Pissaladire is a rectangular, sauceless variation on pizza
served in Nice, a city in the south of France. It traditionally
features onions, anchovies, and olives and is served warm
or at room temperature, though there are many different
types of pissaladire.
Lahmacun
Popular in Turkey, Armenia, Lebanon, and Syria, lahmacun
is a flatbread frequently topped with tomatoes and spicy
ground lamb and served rolled into a cone or as an openfaced sandwich. Common garnishes include lemon, mint,
yogurt, and pickled vegetables.
Calzone
A calzone is made by folding and stuffing pizza dough with
a combination of cheese, meat, and vegetables. Calzones
are a great way to salvage misshapen or unevenly stretched
dough. Popular fillings include mozzarella, ricotta, Parmesan, provolone, ham, and spinach. Calzones are traditionally
served with marinara sauce for dipping.
Quick Pizza
When you have no time to prepare pizza dough, you can
make a quick pizza with store-bought dough or a variety of
prebaked breads. Top the dough or bread with your choice
of tomato sauce, cheese, and other toppings. Then heat it
in your broiler or toaster oven.
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Store-bought dough: Follow the doughs baking
instructions, as they will likely differ from the cooking
directions in this guide.
French bread: Cut cylindrical French baguettes
lengthwise (horizontally) and build your pizza on top.
Focaccia: Add your favorite toppings to a roomtemperature loaf or sections of foccaccia and toast
in your broiler or toaster oven. Many focaccia breads
Lahmacun
Pizza Recipes
Clam Pizza
Top your shaped and stretched dough with the clams, onions,
and garlic. Follow the oven or grill instructions in How to Cook
Pizza. Take care not to overcook the pizzas because the
clams will turn rubbery. Garnish the pizzas with the parsley,
salt, pepper, and a drizzle of olive oil. Serve immediately.
Hawaiian Pizza
Yields eight small, four medium, or two large pizzas
Heat the olive oil in a medium saut pan and cook the
onions and red bell pepper over medium heat until softened, 57 minutes. Add the garlic, lamb, salt, red pepper
flakes, and paprika and cook until the lamb begins to brown.
Add the tomatoes and cook until most of the liquid has
evaporated, about 5 minutes. Taste the mixture and adjust
the seasonings if necessary.
Spread the topping mixture on your shaped and stretched
dough. Follow the oven or grill instructions in How to Cook
Pizza. The lahmacuns should cook in 46 minutes. Garnish
the finished lahmacuns with parsley, mint, lemon juice, salt,
and pepper. Serve them open-faced or rolled up into cones.
Margherita Pizza
Yields eight small, four medium, or two large pizzas
1 recipe basic pizza dough
1 28-oz can San Marzano tomatoes, drained, seeded,
and chopped
1 1/2 cups coarsely shredded fresh mozzarella
1/3 cups torn fresh basil leaves
1/4 cups grated Parmesan cheese
Salt to taste
Olive oil for drizzling
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Mushroom Pizza with
Caramelized Onions and Olives
Pepperoni Pizza
Pissaladire
Yields one large pizza, serving 68 people
1 Tbsp olive oil
1 recipe basic pizza dough
6 large white onions, thinly sliced, sauted with 4 sprigs
fresh thyme, and cooled
1 Tbsp olive oil
2025 anchovy fillets, rinsed
2025 nioise olives, pitted
Freshly ground black pepper to taste
1/2 cup minced parsley
Preheat your oven to 450F. Grease an 11" 17" rectangular
pizza pan or sheet pan with the oil. Place your proofed but
unportioned dough in the center of the pan. Press and prod
the dough into a rectangle, letting it rest for several minutes
if it resists stretching. The dough should be about 1/4" thick
once it fills the entire pan.
Spread the sauted onions evenly across the top of
the dough, leaving a 1/4" border on all sides. Spread the
anchovies and olives evenly on top of the onions. Sprinkle
it with the pepper and place the pan on the lowest rack of
your oven. Cook until the crust turns golden brown, approximately 1215 minutes. Remove the pissaladire from its pan
with a spatula and transfer it to a wire rack to cool. Sprinkle
with parsley, cut into squares, and serve.
Sfincione
Yields one large pizza, serving 68 people