Social Studies

GEO-EARTH
GRAPHICA-TO DESCRIBE
ERATHOSTENES-FIRST PERSON TO USE/COME UP WITH THE WORD
GEOGRAPHY
-FATHER OF GEOGRAPHY
ANCIENT GREEK GEOGRAPHERS- MOST INFLUENTIAL
MOST EVIDENT
ERATHOSTHENES
1.) DEVELOPED DETAILED MAPS OF ANCIENT
GREEK.EUROPE,AFRICA AND ASIA
2.) ASKED:HOW AND WHY DIFFERENT HUMAN AND NATURAL
PATTERNS ON EARTHS SURFACE
3.) WHY IS ONE PLACE DIFFERENT FROM ANOTHER
OUTCOME:
-CALNULATING THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE EART
- PROVIDED EXPLANATION FOR SEASONA FLOODING OF
RIVERS
-ANALYZED THE DIFFERENCES OF POPULATION
GEOGRAPHY
-EARTHS SURFACE AND THE PROCESSES THAT SHAPED IT
-CONNECTIONS BETWEET PLACES AND PEOPLE
-INTERACTION BETWEEN PEOPLE AND ENVIRONMENT
RELATIVE LOCATION-RELATION TO OTHER PLACES USING
LANDMARKS & DIRECTION
ABSOLUTE LOCATION-LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

EUROPE
-2ND SMALLEST CONTINENT
-ONE OF THE MOST POPULATED
- A PENINSULA OF PENINSULAS
BOUNDERIES
NORTH- ARTIC OCEAN
WEST-ATLANTIC OCEAN
EAST-ASIA
SOUTH- MEDITERRAINEAN SEA, BLACK SEA,CASPIAN SEA
HISTORICAL LANDMARKS
ROMAN COLOSSEUM-ROME
LOURVE MUSEUM-PARIS,FRANCE
PARTHENON-GREECE
EIFELL TOWER-PARIS,FRANCE
VATICAN CITY-ITALY
GRAND CANAL-VENICE,ITALY

LEGOLAND-DENMARK
WESTERN UPLANDS(NORTHWEST MOUNTAINS)
ALPINE MOUNTAIN SYSTEM
CENTRAL UPLANDS
NORTH EUROPEAN PLAIN
WESTER UPLANDS
OLDEST ROCK FORMED BY GLACIATION
NORWAY,SWEDEN,FINLAND,SCOTLAND,ICELAND,IRELAND,DENMARK
,NW FRANCE,NW IBERIAN PENINSULA
CENTRAL UPLANDS
DOMINATED BY PLATEAUS
HEAVILY WOODEN
WESTERN FRANCE,WESTEN BELGIUM,SOUTHERN GERMANY,
CZECH
REPUBLIC, NORTH SWITZERLAND, NORTH AUSTRIA
NORTHERN EUROPEAN PLAIN
VAST PLAINS
SUPPORTS SEASONAL CROPS
MOST DENSELY POPULATED
HOME OF NAVIGATABLE RIVERS
NETHERLANDS,GERMANY,POLAND,ESTONIA,LATVIA,
LITHUANIA,BELARUS
ALPINE MOUNTAIN SYSTEM
LONG STRECHES OF MOUNTAIN RANGES
HOME F VOLCANOS
LEAST POPULATED
ITALIAN PENINSULA,BALKAN PENINSULA, NORTHERN SPAIN,
SOUTHERN FRANCE
5 MAIN PENINSULAS IN EUROPE
BALKAN
Countries whose territories lie completely within the Balkan
peninsula:

Albania
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Greece
Kosovo
Macedonia
Montenegro
Countries that lie partially within the Balkan peninsula:
Croatia (Smaller part, Central Europe)

Slovenia (Smaller part, Central Europe)

Italy (Smaller part, Central/South Europe)
Serbia (Bigger part, Central Europe)
Romania (Smaller part, Central/Eastern Europe)
Turkey (Smaller part, Western Asia)
SCANDINAVIAN
-NORWAY
-SWEDEN
-NORTHERN FINLAND
JUTLAND
-DENMARK
-GERMANY
IBERIAN
-SPAIN
-PORTUGAL
-ANDORRA
-(SUB TERRITORIES OF FRANCE AND BRITAIN)
ITALIAN
-MAINLAND ITALY
-VATICAN CITY
-SAN MARINO

AFRICA
SAHARA- LARGEST DESERT IN THE WORLD
NILE RIVER- LONGEST RIVER IN THE WORLD
EGYPT,ETHOPIA,SUDAN,SOUTH SUDAN,UGANDA
SECOND DRIEST CONTINENT
SAHARA REGION
DOMINATES MOST OF NORTH AFRICA(9 MILLION SQUARE
KILOMETERS)
A REGION WITH DRY CONDITIONS
NO VEGETATION
COVERED WITH SAND AND ROCKY GRAVEL
(DESERT PAVEMENTS)
DISTINCT PHYSICAL FETURES:
ERGS,REGS,HAMADAS,OASES
ERGS:ALGERIA,LIBYA,MALI,NIGERA) SAND DUNES
REGS: PLAINS OF SAND AND GRAVEL
70% OF THE SAHARA
HAMDAS:ELEVATED PLATEAUS OF ROCK AND
STONE
THAT REACH HEIGHTS
OASIS:PORTION WHERE SUPPLY OF WATER EXISTS
75% SAHARAS POPULATION LIVES IN OASES
SAHEL REGION
NARROW STRIP OF SEMI-ARID LAND
MADE UP OF FLAT AND BARREN PLAINS THAT FORMS
TRANSITION ZONE BETWEEN SAHARA AND NORTH
SAVANAS TO
THE SOUTH(SENGAL-SUDAN)
CONTAINS THE FERTILE DELTA OF THE NIGER,
ONE OF AFRICAS LONGEST RIVERS
FERTILE LAND IS RAPIDLY BECOMING DESERT AS A
RESULT OF
DROUGHT,DEFORESTATION AND INTENSIVE
DEFORESTATION
BAOABS- DROUGHT AND FIRE RESISTANT TREES
(ACACIA WITH DEEP ROOT SYSTEMS ARE IDEAL
FOR SEMI
ARID LANDS)
ETHOPIAN HIGHLANDS
GREAT RIFT VALLEY SYSTEM-FORMED WHEN AFRICAS C
CONTINENTAL CRUSH PULLED APART
-CUTS THROUGH THE ETHOPIAN HIGHLANDS
FROM SW TO THE NE
-80% OF AAFRICAS TALLEST MOUNATAINS
-MT. KILIMANJAHRO- HIGHEST PEAK

SAVANNAH
AKA GRASSLANDS COVER ALMOST HALF OF AFRICA
RUNS FROM SOUTH OF SAHARA AND THE SAHEL AND ENDS
NORTHS OF
THE CONTINENTS OF SOUTHERN TIP
SERENGETI AKA (SERENGETI PLAINS)
A VAST UNDULATING PLAIN
KENYA TO TANZANIA
HOME TO ONE OF THE CONTINENTS HIGHEST
CONCENTRATIONS OF LARGE MAMMAL SPECIES
SWAHILI COAST
1,610 KM ALONG THE INDIAN OCEAN FROM SOMALIA TO
MOMZAMBIQUE
NEARBY CORRAL REEFS AND BARRIERS
MANGROVE FORESTS ARE THE MOST COMMON VEGETATION
RAINFORESTS
80% OF AFRICAS RAINFOREST IS CONCENTRATED TO
CENTRAL AFRICA ALONG CONGO RIVER
RICH VARIETY OF ANIMAL LIFE
AFRICAN GREAT LAKES
RUNS THROUGH 9 COUNTRIES THAT SURROUND THE GREAT
RIFT VALLEY
LAKE VICTORIA- LARGEST LAKE IN AFRICA, SOUTHERN
SOURCE OF THE NILE RIVER
HIPPOS AND CROCODILES CALL THE REGION THEIR HOME
SOUTHERN AFRICA
DOIMNATED BY KAAPVAAL CRATON, A SHELF OF BEDROCK
THAT IS
MORE THAN 2.6 BILLION YEARS OLD
ROCKY FEAUTURES INCLUDING PLATEAUS AND MOUUNTAINS
SUCH AS
DRAKENSBURG RANGE
EPICENTER OF AFRICAS WELL KNOWN RESERVES
CAPE FLORAL REGION- RICHEST AREA FOR PLANTS IN THE
WORLD

AUSTRALIA
WESTERN PLATEAU
MASSIVE BLOCKS
IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS
AYERZ ROCK
COVERED WITH ARID LAND
WATER SCARECITY
TOO LITTLE PRECIPITATION
WATER HOLE
SOURCE OF WATER FOR ANIMALS
GORGES
NARROW VALLEY BETWEEN 2 STEEP ROCKY
WALLS
FINDERS RANGE
SOUTH AUSTRALIAS LARGEST MOUNTAIN RANGE
OUTBACK
REMOTE AREA
VAST DESERTS AND PATCY GRASS LANDS
EASTERN COAST
GREAT DIVIDING RANGE
SERIES OF VALLEYS HILLS AND ETC.
GREAT PLAINS
VAST LOWLANDS
WHERE SYDNEY,MELBOURNE,BRISBANE IS
LOCATED