FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

TITLE:
"PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS BOCATOMAS CAUCASIAN OR
TYROLEAN IN PERU"

AUTHORS:
CAMPOS JORGE ZURITA.
CAYATOPA DELGADO JAVIER.
DIANA GONZA VILLALOBOS
HUANCAS HUANCAS CESAR.
LEON CARLOS VILLALOBOS.

ADVISER:
ING. JOSE RAMOS ARBULU.
COURSE:
WATERWORKS.

PIMENTEL - PERU-2017.

Design and Construction of Rockfill Dams

INDEX
INTRODUCTION.............................. ...3
CCRITERIA FOR THE CHOICE OF THE SITE
MAKING THE WORK ...............................4
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION IN CONSTRUCTION OF TOMAS TYROLEAN..6
BOCATOMA JADIBAMBA (CAJAMARCA ...8
TAKE SPECIAL FEATURES......................... 8
TROUBLESHOOTING .................. ............ 8
BOCATOMA KORATIQUIPAYA ......... ..... 10
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE WORK ....... 10
TROUBLESHOOTING .................. .......... 10
BOCATOMA APOTE ...............................12
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE
WORK ........12
PROBLEMS AND
SOLUTIONS.12
PALMA DEL RIO BOCATOMA
(JUNIN) ....14
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE WORK .......
14
PROBLEM AND
SOLUTIONS ..................14
BOCATOMA
LAIMINA ............................15
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE WORK .......
15
BOCATOMA DEL RIO TOACHI ...............
16
CARACTERSICAS PARTICULAR THE
WORK 16
PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS .......... ...... .
17
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF A
TIROLESA ... ..18
REFERENCES ..........................................
19

INTRODUCTION

The issue is not simple water intakes

for the design of these consideration
of

theoretical,

experimental

and

practical aspects is required.

It should be remembered that the
intake is a very important structure
for the success of a project, if for
one reason or another a major fault
occurs in the intake, it meant the
failure

of

the

entire

exploitation project.

Hydraulic works: Msc. Ing JOS RAMOS Arbul

hydraulic

Design and Construction of Rockfill Dams

For the study of a water intake it is
necessary

to

note

that

river

precipitation

that

transports the following:

Water

from

occurs in the basin.

Solids, also called sediment from

erosion of the watershed.

Ice in places there.

Foreign bodies such as trees,

plants, garbage and waste.

Hydraulic works: Msc. Ing JOS RAMOS Arbul

Design and Construction of Rockfill Dams

CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING THE
SITE OF THE WORK MAKING

The type of material subgrade is

Site selection for location of the zip

a shot in a river. Overall control

line takes, consider the following

types of bedrock and alluvial bed

aspects:

differ. In the case of zip lines

very important for the stability of

take, it is recommended that

Pending River.

they are founded on rock.

Watershed Management.
The integrated management of
the basin, where it is to design a
project for the use of water
resources, including a zip line

All rivers carrying solid material,

takes, must be analyzed based

either in the form of suspended

on the importance and impact of

material

the

or

transport

line.

In

project

in

its

area

of

different studies the various works

influence. Microsystems watered

of

been

from 2 to 10 ha and small

analyzed that a high concentration

irrigation systems with an area of

of solid material in suspension is not

10 100 ha, generally do not

appropriate for decision.

require

MIC

River Course.

mainframes

with

The course of the river has a

area of 100 500 ha and the

significant

in

largest mainframes to 500 ha

of

the

should be incorporated into the

above,

the

budget the study of MIC.

guy

takes

deciding
intake.

tirolesa

importance
the

As

straight

has

noted

river

favorable

location

for

courses
uniform

are
water

through the vent passage.

Subgrade.

Other studies

Hydraulic works: Msc. Ing JOS RAMOS Arbul

area.
an

The

irrigated

Design and Construction of Rockfill Dams

After deciding the location of the
intake

based

on

geomorphology

topography,
and

requirements

flow
capture,

calculation of maximum flood for

Study on design criteria and construction

of zip lines take in the environmental
context. The research was raised in order
to perform such analysis making through
research and analysis.

a time of recurrence, which is

Tyrolean

generally accepted 100 years,

mountainous areas, but in our country

information

the

(Peru), are in small amount compared to

dam and the stability of the

other types of built in alluvial flat areas

riverbed

shots, so has not given them significant

is

where

performed
decision

is

outlets

are

suitable

for

designed to be located.

attention in research . Most experiences

A first analysis corresponds to

is based on standard models developed

the behavior of the riverbed with

for irrigation mountainous areas, and eta

construction of a dam over the

reason found design problems:

cross section to determine the

integrated watershed

management.
Location of the intake.
Silting.
Destruction of dissipation

structures.
Tamponade grid.
Maintenance decision.

protection of the headworks and

other necessary work to ensure
their proper functioning.

The

principle

of

this

type

of

headworks is to achieve uptake in

the

lower

runoff.

Natural

flow

conditions will be modified by means

of a transverse collection chamber.
Take Tirolesa plan view and cut:
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION IN
CONSTRUCTION
OF
TOMAS
Hydraulic works: Msc. Ing JOS RAMOS Arbul
TYROLEAN

Design and Construction of Rockfill Dams

lack of maintenance and control

1. Bocatoma Jadibamba
(TRUJILLO)

of the river, upstream of the

a. TAKE SPECIAL FEATURES

outlet, have resulted in the partial

The intake has a length of 5.5 m

along which the box structure that
receives the river, with a width of
2.0 m was built. Finally, the grid
was composed of railway rails
with a width of 1.5 m and a
spacing of 0.02 m.
In

the

shooting,

left

margin,

has

built

before
wall

of

cyclopean concrete channeling of

8.0 m long, 2.0 m high, 1.0 m
wide at the bottom and 0.50 m on
top. Downstream of the outlet,

destruction of the dam where the

grid was located, as seen in the
photograph.

this wall extends 12 m in length,

and then there is a protection
gabion wall 16 m in length, which
protects the headrace canal that
develops parallel to the wall in the
left margin.

b. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

The intake has been affected in
the

central

part

due

to

the

construction of a baffle wall on the

right side, which causes the water

2. Kora Tiquipaya.

flow to concentrate on the left

Msc. Ingof JOS RAMOS Arbul
margin,Hydraulic
leaving works:
the structure

decision vulnerable. This, and the

Design and Construction of Rockfill Dams

a. SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE
WORK.

control;

The zip line takes, has a length of

is at the mercy of the processes of

13 m and a width of 1.5 m

scour

inclined grid. The difference in

means that maintenance costs

level between the highest and

are high, essentially in protecting

lowest

scour.

grid

structure

is

0.70

consists

of

m.
a

The
metal

frame 0.08 m wide with iron bars

(billets) 1 "thickness and spacing
of 0.02 m.

ie

longitudinal

treatment streambed profile, so it

and

sedimentation.

This

The large amount of sediment

carried by the stream causes the
flow of river water should be
directed manually to the place of

Upstream of the structure there

the grid, in time of drought and

gabion walls on both margins. In

rainy, making the operation takes

the case of the right side walls,

quite laborious, the sub-basin has

two walls deflectors that direct

risk areas considerable erosion

the flow of water to the other

due to the deterioration of their

bank. The output structure is on

environment.

the right side, protected by a wall

water harvesting for irrigation has

of

the

Cyclopean

concrete.

For

this

disadvantage

reason,

that

the

Downstream of the outlet, have

structures built in the torrents

been

have

cross

constructed
the

river

gabion

walls

to

power

dissipation.

stability

problems

and

require ongoing maintenance. The

solution of these problems would

b. PROBLEMS
SOLUTIONS.

AND

control the longitudinal profile of

the

river

of

at

least

100

The intake is located on a river

downstream and 100 m upstream

with torrential regime and lots of

of the intake, something that has

drag materials, boulders larger

not been considered in the design

diameter 0.5 m, which partially

of the socket. In this case, due to

destroyed the cross gabion walls

the deterioration of the basin, or

Hydraulic works: Msc. Ing JOS RAMOS Arbul

built for energy dissipation. The

more properly to their level of

work

risk, there is a lot of material of

does

not

have

flood

Design and Construction of Rockfill Dams

drag, which, in the rainy season,

spacing between the edges of 0,065

obstructs grid zip line takes and

m. The left side of the screen is

strongly undermines the structure

protected

of energy dissipation downstream

masonry 2 m wide, 15 m long and

from the outlet. These aspects

slope of 0.5: 1 (H: V) to the center of

have not been properly evaluated

the wall.

in the design decision.

by

wall

of

stone

b. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS.

The main problem with this decision
is towards the left side of it, where
there are pieces of gabions which
concentrates destroyed
all water flow, which produces

3. Apote

considerable undercut in decision.

a.

Downstream of the grid, there is a

a.

gabion dam built of the same

a.

length grid and 2 m thick, which

a.

has no role, since all the flow is

a.

concentrated on the other bank.

a.
a.
a.
a.
a.
a.
a.
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE
WORK.

According to information system

users during the first year of
floods, this work was partially
destroyed, especially in regard to
the waterwheel of the gabion the
left

margin.

This

caused

the

decision is above the bottom of

the riverbed. On the other hand,
part

of

the

structure

of

the

The headworks is implanted in a

Tyrolean decision was affected,

stream of 25 m wide, which occupies

why now operating about 5 m.

the zip line takes 15 m. The grid is

System users channel water from

railroad tracks 1.20 m long with a

about 150 m upstream from the

Hydraulic works: Msc. Ing JOS RAMOS Arbul

Design and Construction of Rockfill Dams

outlet to direct the flow towards

which requires additional work to

the remainder of the zip line

enable uptake Water.

takes.

Moreover, it was shown that in

The design and construction of

systems

visited

this decision fails on a part of the

performed to slow the water in the

width of the stream protected with

river. The construction of gabions on

masonry walls and a transverse

the river bed upstream of the intake,

gabion wall, leaving a space with

allow the modification of the slope

more protection

and consequently decrease the

velocity

no

work

weak from the point of view of

water

preventing

sustainability. This is a disadvantage

destruction of the shot.

was

the

because the force of the water

breaks the weaker side, a situation
that

the

lack

of

treatment

of

longitudinal profile of the river

adds before and after making and
integrated

management

of

the

Basin.
With protection works upstream
and downstream noted that, in the
decision,

the

watercourse

was

oriented towards the left side of

the zip line shot, which brought
down the channeler wall of water
and the widening of the banks from

4. Bocatoma PALMA DEL

RIO (JUNIN)

the river. In the absence of this wall,

to. SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE

users are forced to channel the

WORK.

water

through

an

unstable

and

rustic jack (stones, turf, mud) to

Making structure presents a grid

of 8 m long and 1.20 m wide,

Hydraulic
works:
achieve water
ingress
to Msc.
the Ing
grid, JOS RAMOS Arbul

consisting of railroad tracks. The

work is protected by two large

Design and Construction of Rockfill Dams

rocks

on

both

margins.

capture a high flow rate, in order to

Downstream, at a distance of 14

facilitate maintenance, the intake

m, it is a semi destroyed dam that

could be dimensioned so as to allow

serves to dissipate the energy of

the entry of a person for cleaning

water. Decision, before reaching

the

grid,

is

protected

by

channeling walls.

Gallery. In case the design flow is

less and the small gallery, a good
alternative

is

that

the

grid

Before reaching the cross-making

contains movable modules about

structure,

both

one meter. This is closely related

margins cyclopean concrete walls

to a good location and lower

designed to withstand the impact

demand maintenance activity. By

of

output

contrast, takes located in places

structure and sand trap on the left

likely to be affected require higher

bank are protected by a wall of

maintenance

Cyclopean concrete.

economic investment of users, if

large

they

exist

boulders.

on

The

develop these activities, the shots

Unsuitable design instead of making

feature

hinders

could be destroyed.

proper

maintenance. For example, personal

income impossibility for cleaning the
gallery collection. For this reason,
maintenance is an arduous task, as
in this decision, in which users have

5. Laimina.

to remove the stones and sods,

through

the

intake

between

the

gallery

(junction
and

the

channel), with a hoe held at the end

of a stick.
Indicated shows a design that does
not

Hydraulic works: Msc. Ing JOS RAMOS Arbul

include

and

you do not have the capacity to

b. PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS.

This

activities

maintenance

possibilities. In works designed to

Design and Construction of Rockfill Dams

with transverse dam the river and
the channel protective wall is semidestroyed.

The

raceway

positioned

and

is

correctly

is

protected

against flooding. The sand trap is

60 m from the outlet and has
proper operation.
The work was implemented on a bed
to. SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE
WORK.

of rock bed, 0.70 m high above the

Making structure originally had a

section because of the need to

grid of 4 m long by 1.0 m wide,

locate the headrace channel in the

which is currently left to 300 m

left margin. The measures taken in

downstream of the river because of

the design stage and construction

riverbed

and

tapered

in

cross

brought as a result a change in the

profile section of the river. Product of
it, in flood season, there is a speed
increase,

which

took

effect

on

premature deterioration of the work.

Currently, 80% of the dam was
located where the grid has been
destroyed.

6. Bocatoma DEL RIO

TOACHI.
a landslide in an extraordinary flood.
The work is located in a sheltered by
rocky outcrops, both in its margins

a. SITE SPECIFIC caractersicas.

The intake is 55 m long, it is located

the main
channel of the Toachi
Hydraulic works: Msc. Ing JOS in
RAMOS
Arbul

and in the riverbed. Currently, the

outlet is functioning as a direct drive

river, downstream from the Estancia

Design and Construction of Rockfill Dams

Cuatro

Esquinas.

The

work

is

rather control of certain fragile

protected by gabion walls channeled

sectors during the rainy season

on both margins.

suffer landslides. This material is

The rainy season is concentrated

between the months of December
and

March,

where

there

are

permanent rains that hinder the

work.

then washed away by the river

water,

causing

sediment

entering the gallery and work

wear.

For

example,

crumbly

slopes can give control of the

flow of water through canals

The Toachi river is torrential, rushing

collecting and planting native

in

trees

the

rainy

season

and

with

and

adapted

to

be

intermittent flooding. Presents drag

maintained for a long period of

granular medium sized sediments

time.

(gravel and sand).

overview of causes of

The socket is built in cyclopean

concrete

and

has

catchment

channel 8.0 m long and 0.60 m

section,
rails.

protected
The

by

Decauville

maximum

channel

capacity is estimated at 410 l / s.

deterioration takes a zip line.

Inadequate design.
Location of the Work.
Quality of Work.
Unfinished Work.
Protection Works both
upstream and downstream.
Watershed Management.

b. PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS.

Watershed

Management:

Generally, the design of this

work

no

watershed

issues

related

management

to
is

Removing the riverbed aggregates

for construction. (Amendment of the
river profile).
Take advantage of a Tirolesa.

Simple
operation:
A
well
contemplated.
itself, Msc.
this isIng
not JOS RAMOS Arbul
HydraulicInworks:
designed and built allows work to
a comprehensive work, but

Design and Construction of Rockfill Dams

be

handled

by

both

the

responsible operating as by users.

Pick Simple Water Reduction

A properly constructed zip line

ensures

security

takes

water

collection

at

any

time.

and Labor:

inversion

of

the

permanent

With the construction of decision

reconstruction of the decision

they have been simplified tasks

and even the non-availability of

related to water uptake. In the

water

situation with rustic take, each

taking in times of flood also is

user used to collect the water with

reduced. Rebuilding takes the

their

additional

corresponding

tool

(hoe,

shovel, etc.) to reinforce decision

for

the

the

destruction

demand

tasks

of

like

calling people and organize work

and close the leaks.

The zip line was obtained that

Reduced Monitoring:

takes users come to the decision

without

tools.

Thus,

it

has

With the zip line takes diminish

significantly reduced the supply

surveillance

of labor for the operation of the

rustic takes the user on duty had

outlet.

a permanent concern that the

trying

Catchment:
rustic

requires

to

especially

steal
located

water.
in

This,
growth

their

areas of agricultural and urban

characteristics,

systems, causing strong pressure

take,

constructive

With

decision be destroyed by anyone

Increased Capacity

activities.

for

permanent

reinforcement with rocks, grass

and plastic for better uptake,
however, there is always water
leak. With the construction of the

on the operation of the outlet.

VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND Webgraphy

http://www.senari.gob.bo/archivos/T
OMAS_TIROLESAS.pdf

NWC - headworks. Mexico. 2002

http://documents.mx/documents/dimensio

shots has improved collection

efficiency.

Hydraulic works: Msc. Ing JOS RAMOS

Arbul
namiento-y-perfiles-de-flujo-de-

Security Collection:

bocatomas-tirolesa-o-de-rejilla-de.html

Design and Construction of Rockfill Dams

https://es.scribd.com/document/11674710
2/BOCATOMA-TIROLESA.

https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=U5H9KzM9MnE

Hydraulic works: Msc. Ing JOS RAMOS Arbul