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Capa de Transporte

Tecnologa y detalle de operacin TCP/UDP


Fredy Campos A.
f.campos@ieee.org
Carrera Profesional de Ingeniera Electrnica y
Telecomunicaciones
Universidad Nacional Tecnolgica de Lima Sur (UNTELS)

2015

Objetivos

Revisar de los protocolos de transporte del modelo TCP/IP.

Revisar los fundamentos de operacin del nivel de


transporte con nfasis en TCP.

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

Contenido

Repasando la Suite TCP/IP

El nivel de transporte

Protocolo TCP

Protocolo UDP

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

Repasando la suite TCP/IP (1)


Protocolos

Transport

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

Repasando la suite TCP/IP (2)


Funciones nivel de transporte

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

El nivel de transporte (2)


Introduccin

Procesa los datos de la red para ser utilizadas por las


aplicaciones.

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

El nivel de transporte (3)


Confiable vs. Best-Effort

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

El nivel de transporte (4)


Servicio confiable

Sender

Synchronize

Receiver

Acknowledge,Synchronize
Acknowledge

ConnectionEstablished
ConnectionEstablished
DataTransfer
(SendSegments)

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

El nivel de transporte (5)


TCP y UDP

Application
Transport
Internet

TransmissionControl
Protocol(TCP)

Orientadoa
conexin

UserDatagram
Protocol(UDP)

Noorientadoa
conexin

DataLink
Physical

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

El nivel de transporte (6)


Mapeo de L4 en L3

Transport
Layer
Internet
Layer
2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

UDP
17

TCP
6
IP

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

Protocol
Numbers

10

El nivel de transporte (7)


Mapeo de L4 en L3

Protocol
Protocol Number
ICMP
1
IP in IP (tunneling)
4
IGRP
9
EIGRP
88
OSPF
89
IPv6
41
GRE
47
Layer 2 tunnel (L2TP)
115

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

11

El nivel de transporte (8)


Mapeo de Aplicaciones en L4

Application
Layer

F
T
P

T
E
L
N
E
T

S
M
T
P

D
N
S

T
F
T
P

S
N
M
P

R
I
P

21

23

25

53

69

161

520

Transport
Layer
2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

TCP

Port
Numbers

UDP

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

12

El nivel de transporte (9)


Multiplexado de aplicaciones

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

13

El nivel de transporte (10)


Multiplexado de aplicaciones

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

14

El nivel de transporte (11)


Multiplexado de aplicaciones

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

15

Agenda

Repasando la Suite TCP/IP


El nivel de transporte
Protocolo TCP
Protocolo UDP

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (1)


Caractersticas

Header TCP

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (2)


Evolucin del header TCP

Definido en RFC 793, Sep1981


URG: Urgent Pointer field significant
ACK: Acknowledgment field significant
PSH: Push Function
RST: Reset the connection
SYN: Synchronize sequence numbers
FIN: No more data from sender

Definido en RFC3168 (Sep2001), RFC3540(Jun2003)


Llamado ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification)
NS: Nonce Sum
CWR: Congestion Window Reduced
ECE: ECN-Echo
Referencia:http://www.networksorcery.com/enp/rfc/rfc3168.txt
Referencia:http://www.networksorcery.com/enp/rfc/rfc3540.txt

Referencia:http://www.networksorcery.com/enp/rfc/rfc793.txt

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

18

Protocolo TCP (3)


Nmero de puertos
Source
Port

Destination
Port

TelnetZ

HostZ

HostA

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

SP

DP

1028

23

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

Destinationport=23.
Sendpackettomy
Telnet
application.

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Protocolo TCP (4)


Nmero de puertos

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

20

Protocolo TCP (5)


Three Way Handshake/Open Connection
HostA

SendSYN
(seq=100ctl=SYN)

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

HostB

SYNreceived

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (6)


Three Way Handshake/Open Connection
HostA

SendSYN
(seq=100ctl=SYN)

SYNreceived

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

HostB

SYNreceived
SendSYN,ACK 2
(seq=300ack=101ctl=syn,ack)

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (7)


Three Way Handshake/Open Connection
HostA

SendSYN
(seq=100ctl=SYN)

SYNreceived

HostB

SYNreceived
SendSYN,ACK 2
(seq=300ack=101ctl=syn,ack)

Established
(seq=101ack=301ctl=ack)

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (8)


Idea for Opening & Closing Connection

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (9)


Process for Opening & Closing Connection
Closing Connection
Opening Connection

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (10)


Simple Acknowledgment
Sender

Receiver

Send1

Receive1

Window size = 1
2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (11)


Simple Acknowledgment
Sender

Receiver

Send1

Receive1
SendACK2

ReceiveACK2

Window size = 1
2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (12)


Simple Acknowledgment
Sender

Receiver

Send1

Receive1
SendACK2

ReceiveACK2
Send2

Receive2

Window size = 1
2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (13)


Simple Acknowledgment
Sender

Receiver

Send1

Receive1
SendACK2

ReceiveACK2
Send2

Receive2
SendACK3

ReceiveACK3

Window size = 1
2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

29

Protocolo TCP (14)


Simple Acknowledgment
Sender

Receiver

Send1

Receive1
SendACK2

ReceiveACK2
Send2

Receive2
SendACK3

ReceiveACK3
Send3

Receive3

Window size = 1
2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (15)


Simple Acknowledgment
Sender

Receiver

Send1

Receive1
SendACK2

ReceiveACK2
Send2

Receive2
SendACK3

ReceiveACK3
Send3

Receive3
SendACK4

ReceiveACK4
Window size = 1
2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (16)


Sequence and Acknowledgment numbers
Source
Port

Dest.
Port

Sequence
#

Acknowledgement
#

Ijust
sent#11.

Ijustgot#10,
nowIneed#11.

Source Dest Seq. Ack.


1028

23

10
10

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (17)


Sequence and Acknowledgment numbers
Source
Port

Dest.
Port

Sequence
#

Acknowledgement
#

Ijust
sent#11.

Ijustgot#10,
nowIneed#11.

Source Dest Seq. Ack.


1028

23

10
10

Source Dest Seq. Ack.


23

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

1028

11
11

33

Protocolo TCP (18)


Sequence and Acknowledgment numbers
Source
Port

Dest.
Port

Sequence
#

Acknowledgement
#

Ijust
sent#11.

Ijustgot#10,
nowIneed#11.

Source Dest Seq. Ack.


1028

23

10
10

Source Dest Seq. Ack.


1028

23

11
11

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Source Dest Seq. Ack.


23

1028

11
11

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (19)


Sequence and Acknowledgment numbers
Source
Port

Dest.
Port

Sequence
#

Acknowledgement
#

Ijust
sent#11.

Ijustgot#10,
nowIneed#11.

Source Dest Seq. Ack.


1028

23

10
10

Source Dest Seq. Ack.


1028

23

11
11

Source Dest Seq. Ack.


23

11
11

Source Dest Seq. Ack.


23

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

1028

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

1028

101

12
12
35

Protocolo TCP (20)


Windowing - Idea

Window size=1
Sending machine waits for an
acknowledgment for each data
segment it transmits before
transmitting another.

Window size=3
its allowed to transmit three
data segments before an
acknowledgment is received.

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (21)


Windowing - Concepto

Se define por el tamao de la ventana (window)


Window
Cantidad de segmentos (medido en bytes) que la mquina
origen puede enviar sin recibir un reconocimiento de la
mquina destino

Usado para establecer un control de flujo


Tipos:
Fijo, Fixed windowing: Establece un tamao fijo a la ventana
TCP usada
Variable, Sliding windowing: Establece un tamao variable que
se negocia al inicio de la conexin y puede cambiar durante la
sesin TCP
2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (22)


Windowing & Flow Control
3072
SEQ 1024

SEQ 2048
SEQ 3072

Buffering

CPU Busy
0
Win
3
7
30
Ack

Windows
Update
Waiting

Data segment=1000 bytes

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

2
307
n
i
73 W
0
3
Ack

38

Protocolo TCP (23)


Envo confiable sin errores

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (24)


Envo confiable con errores

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo TCP (25)


Envo confiable y windowing
Sender

Receiver
Windowsize=3
Send1
Windowsize=3
Send2
Windowsize=3
Send3

ACK3
Windowsize=2

Packet3is
Dropped

Windowsize=3
Send3
Windowsize=3
Send4

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

ACK5
Windowsize=2

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo UDP (1)


Caractersticas
Connectionless transport protocol in the TCP/IP and OSI models
Simple protocol that exchanges datagrams, without
acknowledgments or guaranteed delivery.
Error processing and retransmission must be handled by higher layer
protocols
Provide best-effort delivery

Designed for applications that do not need to put sequences of


segments together

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)


SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol)
DNS (Domain Name System)

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

42

Protocolo UDP (2)


Header

Bit0

Bit15 Bit16
SourcePort(16bits)

Bit31

DestinationPort(16bits)

Length(16bits)

Checksum(16bits)

8
Bytes

Data(ifAny)

No sequence or acknowledgment fields

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Protocolo UDP (3)


Comparacin funcional con TCP

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Conclusiones

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

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Bibliografa

Cisco Networking Academy Program : CCNA 1 and 2


Companion Guide, Cisco Press, 3th Edition, 2005
Stallings, William. Data and Computer Communications, 8th
Edition, Prentice Hall, 2009
Stephen McQuerry. Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices,
Part 1 (ICND1), 2nd Edition, Cisco Press, 2008

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de Transporte - Tecnologa y detalle TCP/UDP

46

Fredy Campos A.
f.campos@ieee.org
Carrera Profesional de Ingeniera Electrnica y Telecomunicaciones
Universidad Nacional Tecnolgica de Lima Sur (UNTELS)

2015 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org

Capa de enlace y redes LAN - Desafos y switch - P3

47

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