TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER No.

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER TITLE
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.3 INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
1.4 APPLICATION AREAS
1.5 OVERVIEW OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE
LITTERATURE SURVEY
2.1 IMPLEMENTAION OF ZIGBEE BASED TRAIN
ANTICOLLISION AND LEVEL CROSSING
PROTECTION
SYSTEM
FOR
INDIAN
RAILWAYS
2.2 PREVENTION OF TRAIN ACCIDENTS USING
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
2.3 TRAIN TRACKING AND THE SIGNALING
SYSTEM USING INFRARED AND RADIO
FREQUENCY TECHNOLOGY
2.4 RAILWAY DISASTER PREVENTION SYSTEM
USING GIS and GPS

Page.No
i
ii
iii
iv
1
1
1
1
2
5

2.5 TRAIN COLLISION AVOIDANCE BY USING

SENSORS
2.6 RAILWAY ANTI-COLLISION SYSTEM USING
DSLR SENSOR
PROBLEM STATEMENT
PROPOSED SYSTEM
4.1 MICROCONTROLLER ARM7-LPC2148
4.2 FEATURES
4.3 DESCRIPTION
4.3.1. Features
4.3.2 Block Diagram of LPC2148
4.4. PIN DIAGRAM
4.4.1 Pin Description
4.5. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
4.5.1. Architectural overview
4.5.2. On-chip flash program memory
4.5.3 On-chip static RAM
4.5.4 Interrupt controller
4.5.5 Pin connect block
4.5.6 Fast general purpose parallel I/O (GPIO)
4.5.7 10-bit ADC

11

6
6

7
8

12
13
14
16
17
17
18
19
20
20
26
26
27
27
27
28
29

29

CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7

4.5.8 UARTs
4.5.9 Crystal oscillator
4.5.10 Reset and wake-up timer
4.5.11 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
4.5.12 Pins Functions
4.5.13 LCD screen
4.5.14 LCD Basic Commands
4.5.15 LCD Connection
4.5.16 LCD Initialization
4.5.17 Contrast control
4.6 RFID TECHNOLOGY
4.7. DC MOTOR AND DRIVER
4.7.1. DC Motors
4.7.2. Motor Driver - L293D
4.7.2.1. Description
4.7.2.2. L293D Interfacing with LPC2148
4.7.2.3. Features
SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

30
30
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
37
48
48
50
51
52
52
55

5.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

5.2 KIEL SOFTWARE
5.3 STEPS TO WRITE AN ASSEMBLY
LANGUAGE PROGRAM IN KEIL
RESULTS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

55
55
55
58
60
61