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b. The F2 generation
The F2 generation will have an expected yield of 9 purple spiny: 3 purple smooth: 3 white spiny:
1 white smooth
Gametes
PS
Ps
pS
ps
PS
Ps
pS
Ps
PPSS
Purple spiny
PPSs
Purple spiny
PpSS
Purple spiny
PpSs
Purple spiny
PPSs
Purple spiny
PPss
Purple smooth
PpSs
Purple spiny
Ppss
Purple smooth
PpSS
Purple spiny
PpSs
Purple spiny
ppSS
white spiny
ppSs
white spiny
PpSs
Purple spiny
Ppss
Purple smooth
ppSs
white spiny
ppss
white smooth
pS
PS
Ps
PpSS
Purple spiny
PpSs
Purple spiny
pS
ppSS
white spiny
ps
ppSS
white spiny
40. In cucumbers, dull fruit (D) is dominant over glossy fruit (d); orange fruit (R) is dominant over cream fruit
(r); bitter cotyledons (B) are dominant over non-bitter cotyledons. The three characters are encoded by
genes located on different pairs of chromosomes. A DdRRbb individual is crossed with a DdrrBb
individual. Give the expected proportions of phenotypes among the progeny of this cross. (show your work
either by Punnett square or branch diagram)
Punnett square
DrB
Drb
drB
drb
DRb
dRb
DDRrBb
Dull,
orange,
bitter
DDRrbb
Dull,
orange,
non-bitter
DdRrBb
Dull,
orange,
bitter
DdRrbb
Dull,
orange,
non-bitter
DdRrBb
Dull,
orange,
bitter
DdRrbb
Dull,
orange,
non-bitter
ddRrBb
glossy,
orange,
bitter
ddRrbb
glossy,
orange,
non-bitter
Branch
D_
dd
B_ =
bb
1 R_
=
B_ =
bb
1 R_
=
41. Some flies have white eyes and others red eyes. The difference in eye color is due to inheritance of one
gene. Two true-breeding flies are mated, with the female white-eyed and the male red-eyed. The F1 are
red eyed and female, and white-eyed and male. (There are no white-eyed females, or red-eyed males.)
The F2 includes:
Phenotypes
Red-eye
female
White-eye
female
Red-eye male
White-eye
male
Total
53 red-eye females
45 white-eyed females
42 red-eyed males
60 white-eyed males
Observed
Number (o)
Expected
Number (e)
d
(o e)
d2
d2 / e
53
50
0.18
45
50
-5
25
0.5
42
50
-8
64
1.28
60
200
50
10
100
2.0
3.96
2 = _3.96_______
XW
XR
XR XW
Red female
XR Y
Red male
XW
XWXW
Whitefemal
e
XWY
White male
TXe
tXe
TY
tY
For daughters:
3/8 pink round
3/8 pink pointy
1/8 black round
1/8 black pointy
TXE
TXe
tXE
tXe
TTXEXe
Pink
round
female
TtXEXe
Pink
round
female
TTXEY
Pink
round
male
TtXEY
Pink
round
male
TTXeXe
Pink
pointy
female
TtXeXe
Pink
pointy
female
TTXeY
Pink
pointy
male
TtXeY
Pink
pointy
male
TtXEXe
Pink
round
female
ttXEXe
black
round
female
TtXEY
Pink
round
male
ttXEY
black
round
male
TtXeXe
Pink
pointy
female
ttXeXe
back
pointy
female
TtXeY
Pink
pointy
male
ttXeY
black
pointy
male
For sons:
3/8 pink round
3/8 pink pointy
1/8 black round
1/8 black pointy
Branch diagram TtXEXe (pink toes round ears) x TtXeY (pink toes pointy ears)
XE X e
XeXe
XE Y
XeY
T_
XE X e
XeXe
XE Y
XeY
tt
43. In Drosophila, a mutant strain has plum-colored eyes. A cross between a plum-eyed male and a plum-eyed
female gives 2/3 plum-eyed and 1/3 red-eyed (wild type) progeny flies. A second mutant strain of
Drosophila called stubble, has short bristles instead of the normal long bristles. A cross between a stubble
female and a stubble male gives 2/3 stubble and 1/3 normal bristle flies in the offspring. Assuming that the
plum gene assorts independently from the stubble gene, what will be the phenotypes and their relative
proportions in the progeny of a cross between two plum-eyed, stubble-bristled flies? Describe the
inheritance pattern of plum eyes and stubble bristles. (Both genes are autosomal). Show your work.
With the information given, both plum-colored eyes and stubble bristles are lethal alleles in the
homozygous condition(which is why the offspring are in ratios of thirds instead of quarters). Therefore,
you would not see homozygotes for either plum eyes or stubble bristles in surviving offspring.
Let P = plum eyes, p = red/wild type eyes
1/3 ss
2/3 Ss
1/3 ss
2/3 Pp
1/3 pp
Punnett Square
PS
Ps
pS
ps
PS
PPSS
Lethal
PPSs
Lethal
PpSS
Lethal
Ps
PPSs
Lethal
PPss
Lethal
pS
PpSS
Lethal
Ps
PpSs
Plum
stubble
PpSs
Plum
stubble
Ppss
Plum
normal
PpSs
Plum
stubble
ppSS
Lethal
PpSs
Plum
stubble
Ppss
Plum
normal
ppSs
red
stubble
ppss
red
normal
ppSs
red
stubble
44. You are studying body color in an African spider and have found that it is controlled by a single gene with
four alleles: B (brown), br (red), bg (green), and by (yellow). B is dominant to all the other alleles, and by is
recessive to all the other alleles. The bg allele is dominant to by but recessive to br.
a. You cross a pure-breeding brown spider with a pure breeding red spider. Diagram the cross and
predict the genotype and phenotype of the progeny.
BB x brbr
B
B
r
r
Bb
Bb
br
100% brown offspring
Bbr
Bbr
br
b. You cross a pure-breeding brown spider with a pure-breeding green spider. Diagram the cross and
predict the genotype and phenotype of the progeny.
BB x bgbg
B
B
g
g
Bb
Bb
bg
100% brown offspring
g
g
Bb
Bb
bg
c. You cross the progeny from parts (a) and (b), Diagram the cross and predict the genotype and
phenotype of the progeny.
Bbr x Bbg
B
br
BB
Bbr
B
75% brown offspring:25% red
g
r g
Bb
bb
bg
d. You cross the non-brown progeny from part (c) to a pure-breeding yellow spider. Diagram the cross
and predict the genotype and phenotype of the progeny.
brbg x byby
br
bg
50% red offspring:50% green
by
brby
bgby
45. In some goats, the presence of horns is produced by an autosomal gene that is dominant in males and
recessive in females. A horned female is crossed with a hornless male. The F1 offspring are then
intercrossed to produce the F2 generation. What are the phenotypic proportions of the F2 generation? Show
your work.
Since horns is dominant in males, a male needs only one copy of the allele to have horns; in females,
horns is recessive, so a female must be homozygous for the horn allele to exhibit horns. (The problem
states that the trait is AUTOSOMAL, so NO sex chromosomes should be used)
Horn = horns
Less = no horns
25% horns/horns
50% horns/less
25% less/less