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CHAPTER 10
VECTORS
POINTS TO REMEMBER
Two or more vectors which are parallel to same line are called collinear
vectors.
OP , where OP ai b j c k and OP a 2 b 2 c 2 .
If A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2) be any two points in space, then
AB x 2 x 1 i y 2 y 1 j z 2 z 1 k and
AB
x 2
x 1
y 2 y 1
z 2 z 1 .
a and a
a .
the direction of a .
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mb na
. If C divides AB in ratio m : n externally,
C is given as C
m n
mb na
.
then C
m n
Scalar product of two vectors a and b is denoted as a.b and is defined
as a.b a b cos , where is the angle between a and b (0 ).
Dot product of two vectors is commutative i.e. a b b a.
a b 0 a o, b o or
2
a a a , so i l j j
a b.
k k 1.
If a a 1i a 2 j a 3 k and b b 1l b 2 j b 3 k, then
a b = a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2.
a . b
Projection of a on b
and projection vector of
b
a . b
a along b
b.
b
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a and b such that a , b and n form a right handed system.
Cross product of two vectors is not commutative i.e., a b b a ,
but a b b a .
a b o a = o , b = o or a || b .
i i j j k k o .
i j k, j k i, k i j and j i k, k j i, i k j
k
a3
b3
a b
a and b .
1
j
a2
b2
1
1
a b
b c =
c a .
2
2
2
a . b c and is denoted as a b c
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a , b and c are coplanar a b c 0
a b c b c a c a b
If
^
^
^
^
^
^
a a1 i a2 j a3 k ,
b b1 i b2 j b3 k &
^
^
^
c c1 i c 2 j c 3 k , then
a1
a b c b1
c1
a2
b2
c2
a3
b3
c3
The scalar triple product of three vectors is zero if any two of them are
same or collinear.
a of
3.
When is
4.
x y x y ?
5.
6.
7.
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8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
If
15.
b 2i 6 j 3k ?
16.
What is
17.
18.
a 2, b 2 3 and a b , what is the value of a b ?
a i j 4k
is perpendicular to
a , if a b . a b 3 and 2 b a ?
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
If a and b are two unit vectors and a b is also a unit vector
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24.
25.
26.
AB AC AD AE AF 3 AD 6 AO
O being the centre of hexagon.
28.
29.
The scalar product of vector i j k with a unit vector along the sum
of the vectors 2i 4 j 5k and i 2 j 3k is equal to 1. Find the
30.
value of .
31.
1 1
a , b and c with each angle as cos
.
3
to .
32.
If a , b ,
that a
b b c c a.
106
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33.
34.
35.
36.
between a and b .
If
is perpendicular to a and b and c . d 1.
b satisfying the equation a b c ,
a . b 3.
Find a unit vector perpendicular to plane ABC, when position vectors of
37.
i j 3k and
For any two vector, show that a b
38.
Evaluate
39.
A, B, C are
(i)
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
sin
3i j 2k ,
2 a
2 a
2
2 a b
(ii)
4i 3 j k respectively.
a b .
2 .
tan
a b
2
a
2
a b
b
.
b
2
b .
a i j k , b i j 2 j and c xi x 2 j k^ . If c
1 .
3
c .
, then prove that
angle between b and c is
a 2 b
6
Prove that the normal vector to the plane containing three points with
b c c a a b.
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45.
46.
47.
a , b , c are position vectors of the vertices A, B, C of a triangle
ABC
then
show
that
the
area
of
1
ABC is
a b b c c a .
2
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
If a 5i j 7k, b i j k, find such that a b and
a b are orthogonal.
Let a and b be vectors such that a b a b 1,
then find a b .
are three vectors such that
a, b, c
b c a and
If a 2i 3 j, b i j k and c 3i k find a b c .
Find volume of parallelepiped whose coterminous edges are given by
c i j k are coplanar.
Show that the four points (1, 4, 3), (3, 2, 5) (3, 8, 5) and (3, 2, 1)
are coplanar.
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a b
57.
b c
c a 2 a b c
For any three vectors a , b and c , prove that a b , b c
and c a are coplanar.
ANSWERS
5 3
3.
1
3
2. a
1.
4.
126 sq units.
5.
6.
1 1
1
i j k
2
2
2
7. (6, 11)
8.
10.
12.
14
5, 3 , 6
1
1
3
3i 4 j k
26
9.
1
3
11.
4 i 6 j 4 3
k.
cos
3 .
7
13. 0
14.
15. 9
16.
17.
.
2
19.
3
sq. units.
2
18.
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20.
22.
13
3
1
i j
2
2
24.
21.
2
3
23.
25.
3
2
26.
29.
= 1
31.
3
1
1
3
i j i j 3k .
2
2
2
2
33.
60
34.
35.
5 2
2
i j k.
3
3
3
36.
38.
2 a
41. x = 2
47.
i 2 j k
49.
52.
54.
= 1
1
1
3
i j k.
4
4
4
1
165
48.
73
50.
91
10
10i 7 j 4k .
53. 37
110
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