Endocrine

Gland

Disorders

Description

Clinical
Manifestation
s/
Complications

Medical/Surgical
Management

Nursing
Diagnosis

THYROID
GLAND

Endocrine
Gland

Hypothyroidism

Disorders

A. Cretinism
- Hyposecretion
of the thyroid
hormones in
the fetus or
soon after
birth
B. Myxedema
- Hyposecretion
of thyroid
hormone in
adulthood

Description

Severe
physical and
mental
retardation
Pallor
Edema
Goiter
Hoarseness
of voice
Complication
:
Myxedema
Coma

Med. Management:
1. Levothyroxine
Sodium
(Synthroids)
2. Iodides

Clinical
Manifestations/
Complications

Medical/Surgical
Management

1. Imbalanced
Nutrition: More
than body
requirements r/t
slowed
metabolic rate
2. Activity
Intolerance r/t
fatigue and
depressed
cognitive
process
3. Risk for
imbalanced
body
temperature

Nursing
Diagnosis

THYROID GLAND

Endocrine
Gland

Hyerthyroidis
m

Disorders

Primary
Hyperthyroid
ism- when the
pathology is
within the
thyroid gland
Secondary
Hyperthyroid
ism- when the
thyroid gland
is stimulated
by excessive
thyroid
stimulating
hormone in the
circulation

Exophtalmos
Weight loss
Hypertension
Hyperreflexia

Description

Clinical
Manifestations/
Complications

Med. Management
1. Imbalanced
1. PTU
Nutrition less
(propylthiouracil)
than body
2. Methimazole
requirements:
Less than body
Surgical
requirements
Management
r/t
1. Total or Partial
hypermetabolic
Thyroidectomy
state and
imparired
utilization and
storage of
nutrients
2. Risk for
decreased
cardiac output
3. Risk for
impaired tissue
integrity

Medical/Surgical
Management

Nursing
Diagnosis

PARATHYROID
GLAND

Hyperparathyr
oidism

Hypothyroidis
m

Endocrine
Gland

Disorders

A disorder
caused by
over activity
of one or
more of the
parathyroid
gland

Increased
bone
resorption
Osteoporosis
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Dehydration
Abdominal
pain
Ectopic
calcification
Neurosis to
psychosis

Med. Management:
1. Plicamycin
2. Calcitonin
3. Etidronate
4. Furosemide
5. Glucocorticoid
s
Surgical
management:
1 parathyroidectomy

-Hyposecretion of
the parathormone
Metabolic
Alkalosis
Circumoral
paresthesia
Hyperactive
deep tendon
reflexes
Over tetany
Description

Clinical
Manifestations/
Complications

Medical
Management:
1. 10% calcium
gluconate
solution IV
infusion
2. Vitamin D
supplements
Phosphate binding
agents
Medical/Surgical
Management

1. Impaired
urinary
elimination r/t
renal
involvement
secondary to
hypercalcemia
and
hyperphosphat
emia
2. Risk for injury
r/t preoperative
drug
sensitivities
and
postoperative
complications

1. Risk for injury:

muscle tetany r/t
decreased serum
calcium levels

Nursing
Diagnosis

PITUITARY
Gigantisim
GLAND : anterior
pituitary gland

Acromegaly

Endocrine
Gland

Disorders

Hypersecretio
n of growth
hormone
which occurs
in childhood

Hypersecretio
n of growth
hormone
which occurs
in adulthood

Description

Proportional
overgrowth in
all body tissue
Overgrowth of
long bones

Acromegalic
Facies
Deepening of
voice
Degenerative
arthritis

Clinical
Manifestations/
Complications

Medical
Management:
Bromocriptine
Somatostatin

Bromocriptine
Somatostatin

Medical/Surgical
Management

1. Nutritional
imbalance
2. Body image
disturbance
3. Risk for
injury

1. Nutritional
imbalance
2. Body image
disturbance
3. Risk for injury

Nursing
Diagnosis

Pituitary gland:
Posterior
pituitary gland

Endocrine
Gland

Diabetes
Insipidus

- A deficiency in
ADH that results
in the inability to
conserve water ;
any several
metabolic
disorder marked
by excessive
discharge of
urine, persistent
thirst

Syndrome of
inappropriate
secretion of
antidiuretic
hormone
(SIADH)

- Excessive
amounts of ADH
resulting to water
intoxication

Disorders

Description

Polyuria
Polydipsia
Hypernatremia
Hypotension

Hyponatremia
Hypertension
Irritability
Coma
Seizure

IV FLUIDS
Vasopressin
tannate
Oral
hypoglycemic
agents
Thiazide
diuretics
Surgical:
- Hypophysecto
my

Clinical
Manifestations/
Complications

Demeclocyclin
e
Hypertonic IV
fluids
Diuretics Furosemide

Medical/Surgical
Management

1. Fluid volume
deficit r/t
increased
urine output

1. Fluid volume
excess r/t
water
retention

Nursing
Diagnosis

ADRENOCORTIC
AL

Primary
Adrenal
Insufficiency

Secondary
Adrenal
Insufficiency

-impairment of
the adrenal gland

-impairment of
the hypothalamus
or the pituitary
gland

-also known as
Hypercortisolo Cushings
sm
syndrome
- results from
excessive
adrenocortical
activity

Endocrine
Gland

Disorders

Description

Hypoglycemia
Dehydration
Orthostatic
hypotension
Cardiovascular
collapse

Central-type
obesity
Buffalo hump
Muscle wasting
Hypertension
Heart failure

Clinical
Manifestations/
Complications

Medical
Management:
- Hydrocortisone
- Prednisone
- Dexamethason
e

Surgical
management:
Transsphenoidal
Hypophysectomy

Medical/Surgical
Management

1. Altered
nutrition
less than
body
requirement
s

1. Impaired
skin
integrity r/t
edema,
impaired
healing, and
thin and
fragile skin.
2. Risk for
injury
related to
weakness

Nursing
Diagnosis

ADRENOCORTIC
AL

Hyperaldoster
olism

- a disorder in
which the adrenal
gland releases too
much of the
hormone
aldosterone into
the blood.

Endocrine
Gland

Disorders

Description

Numbness
Weakness
Paralysis
Fatigue

Clinical
Manifestations/
Complications

Medial Management:
- Diuretics
- Drugs that
block action of
aldosterone
COMPLICATIONS:
- Impotence
- Gynecomastia

Medical/Surgical
Management

1. Altered fluid
and electrolyte
balance r/t fluid
volume excess

Nursing
Diagnosis

ADRENOMEDULL
ARY

Pheochromoc
ytoma

- A disorder in
which the adrenal
gland releases
hormones that
cause persistent
or episodic high
blood pressure

Headaches
Palpitations
Diaphoresis
Severe
hypertension
Tachycardia

Medical
Management:
- Phenoxybenza
mine
- Sodium
Chloride
- Alpha or beta
blockers

1. Disturbed
Sleep pattern
r/t high levels
of circulating
catecholamines
2. Risk for
ineffective
tissue
perfusion
cardiopulmonar
y and renal r/t
episodes of
hypertension