Chemistry 1

Jay 2

Name (s): Pawat K. (Tiny), Shampoo, Jas, and

Quick Lab

Date Lab Performed: November

28, 2016
Date Due:

Title

Percent Composition
Purpose
To measure the percent of water in a series of crystalline compounds
called hydrates.

Materials

3 medium-sized test tubes

Balance
Spatula
Hydrated compounds of copper (II) sulfate, calcium chloride, and
sodium sulfate
Test tube holder
Gas burner

Summary of Procedure
1. Each test tube was labeled with the name of a compounds. The
masses were measured and recorded.
2. 2-3 g of each compound (a good sized spatula full) was added to the
appropriately labeled test tube. The mass of each test tube and the
compound was measured and recorded.
3. A test tube holder was used to hold one of the tubes at a 45 degree
angle and its contents were gently heated over the burner, slowly
passing it in and out of the flame. Any change in the appearance of
the solid compound was noted.
4. When moisture began to condense in the upper part of the test tube,
the entire length of the tube was gently heated. The tube was
heated until all of the moisture was driven out. The process took
around 2-3 minutes. Steps 3 and 4 were repeated for the other two
tubes.
5. Each tube was allowed to cool. The mass of each test tube and the
heated compound was measured and recorded.
1

Data
Compound

Mass of the
Empty Test
Tube

Mass of the
Compound
With the Test
Tube

27.11 g

30.79 g

Mass of the
Dehydrated
Compound
With the Test
Tube
29.43 g

27.24 g

29.50 g

28.59 g

27.05 g

29.96 g

29.95 g

Copper (II)
Sulfate
Calcium
Chloride
Sodium
Sulfate

Compound

Mass of Compound
Without the Test
Tube

Copper (II) Sulfate

Calcium Chloride
Sodium Sulfate

3.68 g
2.26 g
2.91 g

Mass of the
Dehydrated
Compound Without
the Test Tube
2.32 g
1.35 g
2.90 g

Observations:
Copper (II) Sulfate: Smoke was emitted from the test tube as the
moisture began to evaporate from the compound. The compound
turns white before turning grey with a slight tint of green. After all
the moisture was evaporated, the compound was left with a grainy
texture.
Calcium Chloride: The compound melted very fast compared to
the other compounds. From a solid compound, the compound
changed to a yellow liquid before turning into a white solid.
Sodium Sulfate: No notable physical change occurred with the
compound.

Analysis and Conclusion

1.)
Organize Data Set up a data table so that you can subtract
2

the mass of the empty tube from the mass of the compound and the
test tube, both before and after heating.
Copper (II) Sulfate: 30.79g 27.11g = 3.68 g (Before heating)
29.43g 27.11g = 2.32 g (After heating)
Calcium Chloride: 29.50g 27.24g = 2.26 g (Before heating)
28.59g 27.24g = 1.35 g (After heating)
Sodium Sulfate: 29.96g 27.05g = 2.91 g (Before heating)
29.95g 27.05g = 2.90 g (After heating)
* Data table can be seen above in the Data section *

2.)
Calculate Find the difference between the mass of each
compound before and after heating. This difference represents the
amount of water lost by the hydrated compound due to heating.
Copper (II) Sulfate: 3.68g 2.32g = 1.36 g
Calcium Chloride: 2.26g 1.35g = 0.91 g
Sodium Sulfate: 2.91g 2.90g = 0.01 g
3.)
Calculate Determine the percent by mass of water lost by
each compound.
1.36
100=37.0
Copper (II) Sulfate: 3.68

Calcium Chloride:

Sodium Sulfate:

0.91
100=40.3
2.26
0.01
100=0.344
2.91

4.)
Analyze Date Which compound lost the greatest percent by
mass of water? Which compound lost the smallest percent by mass
of water?
Calcium chloride lost the greatest percent by mass of water while
sodium sulfate lost the smallest percent by mass of water.

What did I learn from this lab? (Individual answers from group members)
Jas: I learned how to determine the percent by mass of water lost by a
compound by using the mass of the compound before heating and after
heating.
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Shampoo: I learned about percent composition and learned how to

measure the percent of water in hydrates.
Jay2: I learned that water evaporates when it is being heated.
Tiny: I've learned how to use the electric weight measuring device, I've
learned how to calculate different weights I desire, and lastly, I've learned
to cooperate with the team and contribute into working out to finish the
tasks given.

What was contribution(s) to the group work? (Individual answers from

group members)
Jas: I contributed by helping my group mates with the lab as well as
helping in jotting down the observations. I also helped by imputing data
into the lab template.
Shampoo: I contributed in calculating and heating the test tubes.
Jay2: I helped light up the gas burner.
Tiny: I contributed by assisting my group members into weighing different
compounds, heating the compound, answer various questions, and gave
several opinions.

Grading Checklist
Parts of the report

Full
points

Title, Problem, Materials

Make sure all of these are included in the report.
Procedure
Steps are numbered. Sentences are expressed in the
passive voice.
Data Includes any data tables (labeled appropriately),
observations, or additional notes you made during the
lab.
Analysis & Conclusion All questions in the Analyze
and Conclude section are answered
correctly/satisfactorily.
Group Members Responses Group members state
what they have learned from and contributed to the
group activity.
Cooperation & Cleanliness Group members stay
focused on task, cooperate well with each other, work
station kept clean.
Timeliness
Report is submitted on time.
Total Score

3
5

1
25

Your
points