CORRELATION AND

REGRESSION ANALYSIS

CORRELATION AND
REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Correlation is a degree of relationship
between variables, which seeks to
determine how well a linear or other
equation describes or
explains the
relationship between variables. It also
implies
association between
two variables.

PEARSON PRODUCT MOMENT

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT ()
: Measure of strength of a linear
association between two variables with
interval and ratio type of scale.

where:

2 =

2 =

=

=
(r) Can take a range of values from +1 tp -1.
A value of 0 indicates that there is no
association between the two variables.

 Figure
The arbitrary scale for the interpretation of is given below
Range of computed

Interpretation

1.0

Perfect relationship

0.70 0.99

Strong/High Relationship

0.40 0.69

Moderate Relationship

0.10 0.39

Slight/ Low Relationship

No correlation

LINEAR REGRESSION
Regression is a term used to describe the pro
cess of estimating the relationship between two
variables. The relationship is estimated by fittin
g a straight line
through the given data. Th
e method of least squares permits us to find a
line of best fit called regression line which
k
eeps the errors of prediction to a
minimum
.
Eqn for a fitted line = +
where:
=
=
=
=

2 2

where:

2 =

=

=
:
=
where:
=
=


Below are the scores of 12 college students in Mathematics and
Physics tests of 80 items each.
Math (x)

65

63

67

64

68

62

70

66

68

67

69 71

Physics (y)

68

66

68

65

69

66

68

65

71

67

68 70

A. Draw a scatter diagram

B. Find the correlation coefficient of Mathematics and Physics scores
and interpret
C. Find the regression line equation.
D. Predict the score in Physics () if the score in Mathematics ()
of the student is 75.

Solution:
Step 1: Scattered Diagram

Solution: Step 2 ()

()

()

65

68

4225

4624

4420

63

66

3969

4356

4158

67

68

4489

4624

4556

64

65

4096

4225

4160

68

69

4624

4761

4692

62

66

3844

4356

4092

70

68

4900

4624

4760

66

65

4356

4225

4290

68

71

4624

5041

4828

10

67

67

4489

4489

4489

11

69

68

4761

4624

4692

12

71

70

5041

4900

4970

= 12

800

811

53,418

54,849

54,107

Solution: Step 2 ()
=

12 54107 (800)(811)
[(12)(53418) 800 2 ] 12 54849 811

= .
there is a strong/ high positive relationship between the s
cores of the students in Mathematics and Physics.

Step 3
Solving for
12 54107 (800)(811)
=
= .
2
12 53418 (800)
Solving for
= 67.58 0.48 66.67 = .
Substitute the computed values of b and a to the
regression line equation
= + = . + .
We can now estimate scores in Physics (y)
Example: If = 75 = 35.59 + 0.48 75 = 71.59

The End

5.1 5.5
Good luck!