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Concrete-1
CE-314
Sixth Term
Civil Engineering
Lecture # 27
Simple Columns
2. Slender Columns
Kl u
r
M1
< 34 12
M2
where,
M1 = magnitude of smaller end moment
M2 = magnitude of larger end moment
M1 / M2 = zero if moment is absent, positive
for single curvature and negative for reverse
curvature.
Kl u
r
0.75 l u
= 34
0.3h
lu
h
13.5
TYPES OF COLUMN
REINFORCEMENT
The main steel in columns is provided along the
length of the members in the corners or closer to
the outer periphery, called longitudinal steel.
The functions of this main column reinforcement
are as under:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Tie
Main Steel
fsp Asp
Free Body of Half Turn of Spiral
s = pitch of the spiral
2.
4.
Corner
Column
Edge
Columns
4. Eccentricity Of Load
Sometimes the load is
applied on a column at
an eccentricity through
brackets or other
mechanisms as in case
of crane girders
producing considerably
larger moments.
4700 f c
= 21019 MPa
Es = 200,000 MPa
c = 0.003
y = 300 / 200,000 = 0.0015 for grade 300 steel
y = 420 / 200,000 = 0.0021 for grade 420 steel
This means that the steel will yield at a lesser
strain or earlier than the crushing of concrete.
When the load is less than that causing yielding of
steel, the steel takes n-times more load than the
concrete per unit area.
After yielding of steel, the additional load is
transferred to the concrete.
450
450
8 # 19
Fig. 7.8. Column Cross-Section for Example 7.2.
Ast
=
bh
The minimum steel ratio in columns is 1%, which is
provided to strengthen concrete against excessive
creep.
30 d
30 d
40mm thick
starter
Spacing 150mm
Spacing 150mm
Spacing 150mm
Spacing > 150mm
> 150mm
Unsupported
bar
Supported
bar
b)
c)
d)
Heavy Spiral
Balanced Spiral
Load
Tied Column
Light Spiral
Axial Shortening
z
z
Let,
fc*
f2
f2
fc
fyt
dsp
Asp
=
=
=
=
=
fsp
f2
Dc
fsp
=
=
=
=
f = 4.0 f 2 + 0.85 f c
*
c
f2 =
2 Asp f sp
Dc s
s =
=
Asp Lsp
Ac s
Asp Dch
(D / 4) s
2
ch
4 Asp
Dch s
f2 =
s f sp
2
or
f c
Ag
s = 0.425
1
f yt
Ach
4 Asp
s max =
d sp2
Ag
f c
= 0.45
1
Dch s
Ach
f yt
d sp2 f yt
0.45 Dch f c ( Ag / Ach 1)
Ag (trial )
Pu + 2 M ux + 2 M uy
0.43 f c + 0.008 f y
Pu + 2 M ux + 2 M uy
0.5 f c + 0.01 f y
APPROXIMATE AMOUNT OF
STEEL IN COLUMNS
The total amount of steel in columns is
calculated from the bar bending schedule.
However, as a rough estimate, the amount of
steel in columns may be estimated as 175
kgs/m3.
Part-A
Ag (trial ) =
Pu + 2 M ux + 2 M uy
0.43 f c + 0.008 f y
1500 1000
=
= 136,364mm 2 = 375 375 mm
0.43 20 + 0.008 300
= Pno
= 0.80 0.65 [0.85 fc (Ag Ast) + fy Ast]
Pu
= 0.85 f cAg + ( f y 0.85 f c) Ast
0.80 0.65
Ast =
Pu / 0.52 0.85 f c Ag
f y 0.85 f c
Ast,min
z
z
375 2 40 2 10 2 19 16
Clear spacing between the bars =
= 110 mm < 150 mm
2
375
375
4 # 16
4 # 19
#10@250mm C/C
Fig. 7.13. Column CrossSection for Example 7.3.
Part-B
Ag (trial ) =
Pu + 2 M ux + 2 M uy
0.5 f c + 0.01 f y
1500 1000
=
= 115,385mm 2 375mm diameter
0.5 20 + 0.01 300
Pu / 0.6375 0.85 f c Ag
f y 0.85 f c
Ast =
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
375 2
= 1680mm 2
Ast,min
= 0.01 /4 3752 = 1105 mm2
Use 6 #19 (1704 mm2) as shown in Fig. 7.14.
Diameter of the spiral = 10 mm
Clear cover = 40 mm
Dch = 375 2 40 = 295 mm
Ag = /4 3752 = 110,447 mm2
Agh = /4 2952 = 68,349 mm2
s max =
d sp2 f yt
0.45 Dch f c ( Ag / Ach 1)
s max =
10 2 300
0.45 295 20 (110,447 / 68,349 1)
57 mm
375
6 #19
#10@55 mm C/C
Fig. 7.14. Spiral Column
for Example 7.3.
ECCENTRICALLY LOADED
COLUMNS
When load on a column is applied at an
eccentricity or when axial load (Pu) and bending
moment (Mu = Pu e) are simultaneously applied
on a column, the stress distributions due to axial
load and bending moment interact with each
other.
This produces more compression on one side
and less compression or a small tension on the
other side.
Pn
Ag
MPa
b
Mn
Ag h
h
MPa
18
fc = 20 MPa
fy = 300 MPa
16
14
= 0.010
= 0.015
12
Pu/Ag, MPa
= 0.6
= 0.020
= 0.025
= 0.030
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.5
1.5
Mu/Agh , MPa
2.5
18
= 0.75
16
fc = 20 MPa
14
= 0.010
Pu /Ag , MPa
fy = 300 MPa
= 0.015
12
= 0.020
= 0.025
10
= 0.030
0
0
0.5
1.5
M u /A g h , MPa
2.5
3.5
Pu
Ag
and
Mu
Ag h
are calculated
and
= g bh
= 20 MPa
fy
= 300 MPa
1st combination:
Pu
Mu
2nd combination:
Pu
Mu
3rd combination:
Pu
Mu
Ag (trial)
=
=
Pu + 2 M ux + 2 M uy
0.43 f c + 0.008 f y
(1320 + 2 133.6) 1000
0.43 20 + 0.008 300
144,291 mm2
375 375 mm
375 2 40 2 10 25
=
= 0.67 0.60
375
205.6 10 6
=
375 3
= 3.90 MPa
= 0.72 0.75
1080 1000
=
375 450
Mu
Ag h
205.6 10 6
=
375 450 2
= 6.40 MPa
= 2.71 MPa
720 1000
=
375 450
Mu
Ag h
205.6 10 6
= 2.71 MPa
=
2
375 450
= 4.27 MPa
(OK).
Mu
Ag h
1320 1000
=
375 450
133.6 10 6
=
375 450 2
= 7.82 MPa
= 1.76 MPa
(OK).
Spacing of ties
= least of
1)
2)
3)
4)
16 25 = 400 mm
48 10 = 480 mm
375 mm
300 mm
= 300 mm
s1
s2
375 2 40 2 10 25
=
3
= 83.3 mm < 150 mm
450 2 40 2 10 25
=
2
s1
375
10 # 25
s2
#10@300mm C/C
Fig. 7.17. Column Cross-Section for Example 7.5.
Assignment Chapter 7