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Exam 1: Chapters 1,2,3

Biology 100
Fall 2016
Name___________________________________
1
Fire can move, grow, reproduce, use energy, consume oxygen, and interact with its environment. Why is it not alive?
A)
It does not consist of complex, well-ordered structures.
B)
It does not have cells.
C)
It does not pass on genes for traits to its offspring.
D)
All of the above are correct.

What is the smallest unit of life?

An organism

A)

B)
A cell
C)
A molecule
D)
An atom
3
Which of the following is the correct organizational hierarchy, from largest to smallest, in the hierarchical order of life?
(Some levels have been omitted, so you are looking for the correct order.)
A)
Biosphere Community Population Tissue Organ Cell Atom Molecule
B)
Ecosystem Population Community Organ system Organ Cell Molecule Atom
C)
Community Ecosystem Population Tissue Organ Cell Organelle Atom
D)
Ecosystem Community Population Organ Tissue Cell Molecule Atom
4

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What is typically the first step in the scientific method?

Experiment

A)

B)
Prediction
C)
Hypothesis
D)
Observation
5
Gathering information just to add to the knowledge base, such as measuring the beak length of various bird species, is
known as ________.
A)
applied science
B)
investigative science
C)
discovery science
D)
hypothesis-driven science
Use the following information to answer the following question: You wake up one morning feeling slightly under the
weather. A close family member enthusiastically suggests that you take some Echinacea, an herb commonly used as a cold
remedy. You then decide to design an experiment to test Echinacea and see if this claim is true. You think, "If taken at the
beginning of a cold, Echinacea will reduce cold symptoms."
6
You decide to test the effects of Echinacea on 100 people who are experiencing similar cold symptoms. Which of the
following groups would represent an appropriate control in your experiment?
A)
100 healthy people given tablets similar to Echinacea but with no herb
B)
100 sick people given tablets similar to Echinacea but with no herb
C)
One sick person given Echinacea tablets

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D)
One healthy person given Echinacea tablets
7
Many medical studies include a control group in which patients receive a medically ineffective treatment that resembles
the treatment tested. What do we call the ineffective treatment?

The placebo

A)

B)
The controlled experiment
C)
The hypothesis
D)
The dependent variable
What does it mean when we say, "This scientific study was published in a peer-reviewed journal"?

A)
This study was published in a newspaper.
B)
This study was not evaluated by other scientists.
C)
This study was evaluated by qualified and impartial experts before being published.
D)
This study can now be viewed on the Internet.

What is the unifying or "core" theme of biology?

Evolution

A)

B)
Hierarchical organization
C)
Nutrient recycling
D)
Energy transfer

What should one do if the results of an experiment consistently do not support the original hypothesis?

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A)
Reject the original hypothesis and formulate a new hypothesis.
B)
Change the results to match the hypothesis.
C)
Accept the original hypothesis.
D)
Change the hypothesis to match the results.

Elements are composed of __________?

Atoms

A)

B)
Molecules
C)
Ions
D)
Compounds

What is the most common element in your body?

Oxygen

A)

B)
Water
C)
Sugar
D)
Carbon

How many neutrons are in a typical oxygen atom?

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A)

12

B)
8
18

C)

D)
Not enough information given

Identify the part of the atom that most determines the chemical properties of the atom.

A)
The number of protons
B)
The number of shells
C)
The number of electrons
D)
The number of neutrons

The bond in which bonded atoms share electrons is called a(n) ________.

A)
hydrogen bond
B)
polar bond
C)
covalent bond
D)

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ionic bond

Individual water molecules are held to one another by relatively weak ________ bonds.

hydrogen

A)

B)
nonpolar
C)
covalent
D)
ionic

Why is one side of a single water molecule partially negative while the other side is partially positive?

A)
Electron pairs are unevenly shared between the two hydrogen atoms.
B)
Electron pairs are unevenly shared between the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms.
C)
Oxygen donates its electrons to hydrogen.
D)
Hydrogen donates its electrons to oxygen.

Something with a pH of 5 would be ________.

basic

A)

B)
neutral
C)
alkaline

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D)
acidic

Organic compounds are distinguished by molecules that contain ________ bonded to other elements.

nitrogen

A)

B)
oxygen
C)
carbon
D)
hydrogen

What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on Earth?

A)
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and sugars
B)
Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and sugars
C)
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes
D)
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Which of the following represents a simple sugar (also called monosaccharides)?

Glucose

A)

B)
Sucrose (table sugar)
C)
Cellulose
D)
Lactose

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All lipids are ________.

hydrophilic

A)

B)
hydrophobic

C)
water-loving molecules
D)
hydrolytic

What is the basic structure of most lipids?

A)
A branched chain of individual monomers
B)
A chain of fatty acid tails
C)
A glycerol head and up to three fatty acid tails
D)
A linear chain of individual monomers

To a large extent, a protein's function is dependent upon its shape. What determines a protein's shape?

A)
The sequence of amino acids
B)
The number of peptide bonds
C)
The number of amino acids
D)
The location of the active site
2
Proteins are diverse molecules that perform a wide variety of functions. Which of the following is not a typical function of
proteins?

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A)
Energy storage
B)
Transport

C)
Catalyze reactions via enzymes
D)
Movement

Enzymes are a type of ________.

lipid

A)

B)
protein
C)
monomer
D)
carbohydrate

Identify the prokaryotic organism.

Fungus

A)

B)
Animal
C)
Plant
D)
Bacteria
2

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Which cellular structure is unique to prokaryotic organisms?
A)
Plasma membrane
B)
Cell wall
Ribosome

C)

D)
Plasmids

If you were looking at a cell under a powerful microscope, what would tell you that it is a eukaryotic cell?

It has DNA.

A)

B)
It has ribosomes.
C)
It has a nucleus.
D)
It is moving.

Which structure selectively regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell?

A)
The plasma membrane
B)
The nucleus
The cell wall

C)

D)
The chloroplast

Select the image that is representative of an idealized plant cell.

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A)

B)

C)

Which of the following cells contain a plasma membrane?

A)
Animal cells and plant cells only
B)
Animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells
C)

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Bacterial cells only
D)
Animal cells only

What is a phospholipid?

A)
A special kind of lipid with 2 water-fearing heads and 1 water-loving tail
B)
A special kind of lipid with a water-fearing head and 2 water-loving tails
C)
A special kind of lipid with 2 water-loving heads and 1 water-fearing tail
D)
A special kind of lipid with a water-loving head and 2 water-fearing tails

What is the main role of membrane proteins?

A)
Block materials from entering the cell
B)
Regulate the passage of materials in and out of the cell
C)
Hold the phospholipid bilayer together
D)
There are no membrane proteins in the plasma membrane

The passive transport of water is specifically called ________.

hydrosmosis

A)

B)
simple diffusion
C)
osmosis
D)
facilitated diffusion

Which form of transport requires the expenditure of energy?

A)

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Active transport
B)
Facilitated diffusion
C)
Osmosis
D)
Passive transport

Which statement best describes active transport?

A)
A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.
B)
A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this releases energy.
C)
A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this requires energy.
D)
A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this releases energy.
3
What might happen to your red blood cells if you were suddenly unable to regulate the solute concentration of your blood
and it began to rise?
A)
Your blood cells would enlarge and could rupture because water would move into the cells via osmosis.
B)
Your blood cells would shrivel because water would move out of the cells via osmosis.
C)
Your blood cells would stay the same size.
D)
We don't have enough information to answer this question.

What is the definition of endocytosis?

A)
It is the transport of large molecules into the cell.
B)
The entire plasma membrane turns itself inside out.
C)
It is the transport of large molecules out of the cell.

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D)
It is the digestion of larger molecules that were brought into the cell.

What is the main function of the nucleus?

A)
To hold all of the RNA
B)
To produce energy
C)
To produce proteins
D)
To hold all of the DNA
How is DNA linked to the production of proteins?

A)
DNA is the end point of protein production that allows cells to finish making proteins.
B)
DNA is not linked to the production of proteins.
C)
Proteins hold the instructions on how to make DNA.
D)
DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.

What is the role of the ribosome in protein production?

A)
It is where proteins are made.
B)
It folds the protein into the correct shape.
C)
It reads the DNA to make an RNA molecule.
D)
It has no direct role in protein production.

Where are ribosomes located?

A)
On the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm

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B)
On the rough endoplasmic reticulum only
C)
In the cytoplasm only
D)
On the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm

Final protein refinements, storage, and packaging occur ________.

A)
in the Golgi apparatus
B)
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)
in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)
in the cytoplasm

What harvests energy from sunlight to rearrange molecules into sugar?

Nucleus

A)

B)
Chloroplasts
C)
Mitochondria
D)
Lysosome

What harvests energy from food molecules to make ATP?

Nucleus

A)

B)

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Chloroplasts
C)
Lysosome
D)
Mitochondria
4
The long extension of a cell that can propel a cell forward by whipping back and forth (such as human sperm) is called a
________.

cilium

A)

B)
pilus
C)
vesicle
D)
flagellum
4
The cytoskeleton has several primary functions. The first and most obvious is that it acts as an interior skeleton that
supports the rest of the cell. What is another function of the cytoskeleton?
A)
It provides a communication network whereby chemo-electrical signals can be sent from one area of the cell to another.
B)
It provides a series of tracks along which vesicles can move throughout the cell.
C)
It connects one cell to another.
D)
It creates a durable outer covering to increase the strength and rigidity of the cell.

Select the cellular structure that can be found in both plant and animal cells.

Chloroplast

A)

B)

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Cell wall
C)
Mitochondria
D)
Vacuole

Which cellular structure is unique to plant cells?

Mitochondria

A)

B)
Ribosome

C)
Plasma membrane
D)
Chloroplasts

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