Soil Investigation Report

Soil Investigation Report
NEO GEOCONS
ABBREVIATIONS
B.H Bore Hole
D.B.H Deep Bore Hole
G.W.Level Ground Water Level
E.G.L Exiting Ground Level
S.R.T Soil Resistivity Test
S.B.C Safe Bearing Capacity
SPT Standard Penetration Test
UDS Undisturbed Soil Sample
UCC Strength Un-Confined Compressive Strength
DFS Tests Differential Free Swell Test
L.L Liquid Limit
P.L Plastic Limit
S.L Shrinkage Limit
C Cohesion
Angle of internal friction

N.M.C Natural Moisture Content
eo Initial Void Ratio
Cc Compression Index
Gabon Fertilizer Project-Raw Water Supply Works
SOIL PROFILE
GO
E
OU
VE
RO G
DO TIN G
AN IS IN
M EX MP ION
PU TAT
S
VE
RI
SE
A
TO
GABON FERTILIZER FACTORY
MANDOROVE
SOIL RESISTIVITY TEST
GO
E
OU
VE
RO G
DO TIN G
AN IS IN
M EX MP ION
PU TAT
S
VE
RI
SE
A
TO
GABON FERTILIZER FACTORY
MANDOROVE
NEO GEOCONS
Location: Soil Resistivity No: 1
SOIL RESISTIVITY CURVE

6.00
5.00
Depth (m)
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0
50
100
150
200
APPARENT RESISTANCE (Ohms/Mts)
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
120
130
38
39
35
43
37
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
246
248
252
222
251
251
651
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
159
94
182
107
84
37
41
72
NEO GEOCONS

6.00
5.00
Depth (m)
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0
50
100
150
200
250
APPARENT RESISTANCE (Ohms/mts)
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Potential Meter
Reading (I)
13
14
12
14
13
13
12
Reading (V)
35
38
68
78
120
215
470
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
209
134
156
105
109
104
92
73
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
50
100
150
200
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
15
13
14
12
12
13
13
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
35
42
67
60
73
153
333
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
182
160
132
94
72
74
60
74
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
50
100
150
200
Current Meter
Potential Meter
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Apparent Resitivity
Constant (K)
Reading (I)
12
12
13
13
13
13
12
Reading (V)
26
43
56
95
170
255
570
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
(Ohms/Mts)
169
177
118
138
154
123
112
75
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
11
11
12
12
13
13
12
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
31
28
49
62
108
204
513
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
219
126
112
97
98
99
100
76
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Potential Meter
Reading (I)
27
13
14
40
65
67
52
Reading (V)
75
52
82
285
480
751
1501
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
216
198
161
134
87
70
68
77
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
12
11
38
62
112
73
37
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
47
42
175
410
1053
1069
1411
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
305
189
127
125
111
92
90
78
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
11
11
11
12
18
46
21
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
25
48
72
120
260
1220
1245
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
177
216
180
189
170
167
139
79
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
1
2
3
12
12
14
12
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
3
9
19
85
136
328
725
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
233
223
174
134
134
147
142
80
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
8
11
13
9
12
13
13
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
34
69
153
145
324
386
1605
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
331
310
323
304
318
186
290
81
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
250
500
750
1000
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
6
6
6
7
7
7
5
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
68
72
125
214
315
658
1500
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
882
594
573
576
530
590
705
82
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
200
400
600
800
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
21
26
29
30
30
22
10
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
200
400
750
103
1268
1533
1654
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
741
761
711
65
498
438
389
83
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
50
100
150
200
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
52
34
46
46
51
46
56
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
106
95
224
315
522
794
1655
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
159
138
134
129
121
108
69
84
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
15
18
16
20
17
17
10
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
110
165
245
422
535
1048
1650
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
570
454
421
398
371
387
388
85
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
20
20
20
18
18
12
5
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
150
180
260
430
680
715
726
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
583
445
357
450
445
374
341
86
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
4
2
3
4
10
7
7
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
25
16
42
82
325
408
1002
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
486
396
385
386
383
366
336
87
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
9
18
9
14
11
10
19
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
44
133
130
191
227
338
1467
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
380
366
397
257
243
212
181
88
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
6
3
3
4
6
9
10
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
11
15
28
62
152
398
1112
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
143
247
256
292
298
278
261
89
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
3
3
4
3
2
4
2
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
16
28
62
70
67
203
240
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
415
462
426
440
395
319
282
90
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
17
33
35
58
60
115
254
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
331
408
481
547
353
361
298
91
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
3
3
3
4
3
2
2
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
15
16
28
62
101
126
380
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
389
264
256
292
397
396
447
92
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
14
18
18
25
23
28
12
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
73
135
241
560
786
1531
1589
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
406
371
368
422
403
343
311
93
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
250
500
750
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
3
3
3
6
9
11
10
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
18
35
58
167
351
842
1687
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
467
577
531
525
459
481
396
94
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
3
8
5
4
11
10
8
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
15
52
66
64
245
376
785
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
389
322
363
302
262
236
231
95
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
2
4
4
5
6
6
8
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
12
39
58
103
200
335
1241
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
467
482
398
388
393
351
365
96
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
4
2
3
3
4
6
4
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
28
22
55
75
165
385
754
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
545
544
504
471
486
403
443
97
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
250
500
750
1000
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
5
9
11
10
10
10
7
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
42
145
299
422
647
1142
1941
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
653
797
747
795
762
717
652
98
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
3
4
6
6
7
6
11
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
21
37
90
131
244
315
1624
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
545
458
412
412
411
330
347
99
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
250
500
750
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
2
3
2
3
3
5
6
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
13
30
42
80
148
372
1292
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
506
495
577
503
581
467
506
100
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
3
3
3
2
4
4
4
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
18
31
56
55
106
301
823
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
467
511
513
518
312
473
484
101
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
250
500
750
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
2
2
6
6
4
4
4
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
15
26
120
180
180
266
630
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
583
643
550
566
530
418
370
102
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
250
500
750
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
4
4
5
4
5
4
6
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
29
37
92
105
215
333
1235
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
564
458
506
495
507
523
484
103
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
250
500
750
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
2
4
3
5
7
8
8
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
13
43
60
148
292
634
1475
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
506
532
550
558
491
498
433
104
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
250
500
750
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
6
21
15
14
10
9
5
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
43
205
255
315
386
615
900
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
557
483
467
424
455
429
423
105
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
4
8
18
14
10
10
7
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
23
71
64
60
271
553
957
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
447
439
98
81
319
347
321
106
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
250
500
750
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
4
5
8
10
13
14
8
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
28
56
135
250
493
873
1175
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
545
554
464
471
447
392
345
107
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
4
6
5
6
6
8
7
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
22
49
70
127
194
486
1056
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
428
404
385
399
381
382
355
108
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
7
3
4
5
8
10
7
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
25
15
50
95
218
523
945
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
278
247
344
358
321
328
317
109
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
3
3
18
20
24
26
6
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
17
22
55
60
175
215
1063
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
441
363
84
57
86
52
416
110
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
250
500
750
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
13
9
9
11
10
9
11
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
78
85
145
238
339
538
1858
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
467
467
443
408
399
375
397
111
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
5
9
8
7
5
7
6
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
30
76
129
152
192
462
975
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
467
418
443
409
452
414
382
112
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
3
3
10
12
20
21
12
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
17
30
158
282
745
1330
1940
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
441
495
434
443
439
398
380
113
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
250
500
750
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
2
6
6
8
10
12
9
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
15
70
125
215
425
926
1653
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
583
577
573
507
501
485
432
114
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
10
15
12
14
13
5
8
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
65
158
215
333
492
353
1427
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
506
521
492
448
446
443
419
115
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
3
4
6
11
12
11
6
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
17
31
83
231
383
611
985
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
441
383
380
396
376
349
386
116
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
3
6
5
14
13
14
2
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
15
44
62
249
362
674
1041
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
389
363
341
335
328
302
1223
117
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
4
4
5
8
10
13
9
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
21
32
70
153
273
636
1116
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
408
396
385
361
322
307
291
118
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
7
8
12
15
12
16
10
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
39
65
173
261
298
665
988
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
433
402
396
328
293
261
232
119
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
10
9
10
10
11
18
12
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
55
67
143
219
313
645
1124
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
428
368
393
413
335
225
220
120
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
15
10
10
16
15
15
10
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
61
76
124
260
361
681
1063
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
316
376
341
306
284
285
250
121
NEO GEOCONS

6
Depth (m)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Depth (m) MN/2

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Current Meter
Reading (I)
9
10
10
15
15
17
10
Potential Meter
Reading (V)
49
80
132
255
341
666
1012
Constant (K)
77.79
49.48
27.48
18.85
11.78
6.28
2.35
Apparent Resitivity
(Ohms/Mts)
424
396
363
320
268
246
238
122
DEEP BORE HOLES - SBC
NEO GEOCONS
SOIL INVESTIGATION REPORT

Report to accompany the soil investigation for the proposed construction
of Intake & Pumping Stations at Port Gentil, Gabon for GABON Fertilizer in West
Africa.
1. DESCRIPTION OF WORK
The given job comprises below:
Drilling 100mm diameter bore hole in soil using shell & auger method, to
a depth of 15m below the local ground level OR upto the hard stratum with N
value over 50 whichever is encountered earlier including conducting field test
(S.P.T), Laboratory test on soil samples collected, submitting three copies of soil
test report with Classification of soil, safe bearing capacity of soil, type and depth
of foundation
2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED STRUCTURES

It is reported that Pump Room, Transformer Yard, MCC Room, D.G
Room, Staff Quarters, Store room & Office Room in the proposed Pumping
Station site & in the river crossings Valve Chamber are to be constructed. The
reported details of the various respective proposed structures are listed below for
ready reference.
S.No.
Name of the Structure
Dimensions (Approximately)
Floors
1.
Pump Room
30.00m x 21.00m
2.
Transformer Yard
30.00m x 30.00m
3.
MCC Room
20.00m x 10.00m
4.
D.G. Room
20.00m x 15.00m
Ground
5.
Staff Quarters
30.00m x 10.00m
Floor only
6.
Store Room
10.00m x 10.00m
7.
Office Room
15.00m x 10.00m
8.
Valve Chamber
7.00m x 5.00m
125
NEO GEOCONS
It is reported that the tentative total load for the proposed Intake well is to
be around 4531t with a plan area of 30.00m x 7.00m.
The loading details for various columns of the other structures have not
been furnished.
Scaled lay out showing the dispositions of the site, proposed building etc,
have been furnished.
2. FIELD WORKS
The task of soil investigation and suggestion of suitable foundation was
entrusted to this firm. The exploration works were commenced and completed
during January 2012. Totally six bore holes only (viz. BH.No: 1 & BH.No: 2 have
been provided at MANDOROVE, BH.No: 3 & BH.No: 4 have been provided at
LOANDA & BH.No: 5 & BH.No: 6 have been provided at NGOLA) have been
upto depths varying from 12.00m to 15.00m below the existing ground level, at
the locations shown by the engineer-in-charge, as per the terms of reference. All
the six bore holes have been executed and terminated as per the instructions
given by the engineer-in-charge, under close supervision. Bore hole locations are
also shown in the site plan fig 17 (Safe Bearing Capacity). The photographs
showing the field investigation are presented in the figs 27 to 33. The bore
holes were advanced using hand auger and shell boring device. As part of boring
programme, SPT were conducted at regular intervals by suspending the
augering operations and by inserting the SPT assembly at the lower end of the
string of drill rods. The observed SPT N values are tabulated in the Deep Bore
Hole Tables 1 to 6. In all the six bore holes, undisturbed soil samples could not
be retrieved in the cohesive soil deposits, as the soil layers present were very
soft to soft in consistency. Disturbed soil samples were also collected, wherever
necessary and brought to the soils laboratory, located in Chennai 600 005.
126
NEO GEOCONS
In all the six bore holes, the ground water table was met with at depths
varying from 0m to 1.00m below the existing ground level, at the time of
exploration. Water samples were collected from the bore holes and submitted to
the engineer-in-charge at the site, as per the terms of reference.
3. LABORATORY TESTS
Soil samples collected from the bore holes were subjected to the following
laboratory tests as per the relevant Indian Standards.
1. Grain size analysis
a) Sieve analysis
b) Hydrometer analysis
2. Liquid and Plastic limit
3. Shrinkage Limit
4. Natural moisture content
5. Differential free swell test
6. Direct shear test
Sieve analysis were conducted for the cohesion less soil layers and
combined sieve and hydrometer tests were conducted for cohesive soil layers.
The test results are given in Deep Bore Hole Tables 1 to 6.
Liquid Limit & Plastic Limit tests were conducted on the cohesive / C- soil
layers to determine the liquid and plastic limits and the test results are given in
Deep Bore Hole Tables 1 to 6.
Shrinkage limit tests were conducted on the cohesive layers to determine
shrinkage limit and the test results are given in Deep Bore Hole Tables 1 to 6.
127
NEO GEOCONS
Natural moisture content of the cohesive / C- soil layers were determined

from the SPT / undisturbed soil samples collected using oven drying method and
the test results are given in Deep Bore Hole Tables 1 to 6.
Differential free swell test were conducted on the samples collected from
the cohesive / C- soil layers by keeping equal volumes of dry powdered soil in
kerosene and in water. The test results are given in Deep Bore Hole Tables 1
to 6.
Direct shear test were conducted on the disturbed soil samples collected
from the cohesion less soil layer. Samples were compacted to the density
equivalent to field density before testing and the test results are given in Deep
Bore Hole Tables 3 to 6. Direct shear test curve plotted from the test data are
given in figs 18 to 24.
3.1. Chemical Analysis test
Soil samples collected from the bore holes were subjected to the following
laboratory Chemical analysis tests, as per the relevant Indian Standards.
1. Chloride content
2. Sulphate content
3. pH value
All the above test results are listed Chemical Analysis Table 1.
4. BORE HOLE PROFILES
Based on the SPT data and the laboratory test results, necessary bore
hole profiles were constructed and the same are presented in the Deep Bore
Hole Tables 1 to 6.
In Deep Bore Hole 1, the top layer present upto 0.40m depth is silty fine
sand followed by 3.60m thick soft sandy clayey silt with decayed wood / roots
(organic remains) with the observed SPT N value ranging fro 2 to 3, followed by
128
NEO GEOCONS
1.20m thick loose silty fine sand with the observed SPT N value 5, followed by
1.50m thick soft sandy clayey silt with the observed SPT N value 1, followed by
0.30m thick very very loose silty fine sand with little decayed wood / roots with
the observed SPT N value 1, followed by 5.90m thick soft sandy clayey silt with
the observed SPT N value ranging from 1 to 3, followed by 2.10m thick soft to
medium stiff sandy silty clay upto the explored depth of 15.00m below the
existing ground level with the observed SPT N value ranging from 3 to 5.
Top layer present upto 0.20m depth in Deep Bore hole 2 is clayey silty
sand with decayed wood, followed by 0.50m thick gravelly soil (silty sand with
gravel), followed by 1.30m thick very soft little soil with more organic decayed
woods (sandy clayey silt) with the observed SPT N value 0 followed by 4.80m
thick very very soft clayey silt with the observed SPT N value 0 at three
consecutive depths followed by 1.00m thick very loose silty fine sand with the
observed SPT N value 3 followed by 4.60m thick soft sandy clayey silt with the
observed SPT N value 2 at three consecutive depths followed by 2.60m thick soft
to marginally medium stiff sandy silty clay upto the explored depth of 15.00m below
the existing ground level with the observed SPT N value ranging from 2 to 4.
Top layer present upto 0.20m depth in deep bore hole 3 is silty fine
sand, followed by 0.70m thick silty fine sand, followed by 1.00m thick very loose
less soil (silty sand) with more decayed roots (organic matter) with the observed
SPT N value 2, followed by 1.50m thick medium dense silty fine sand with the
observed SPT N value 12, followed by 0.60m thick soft less soil (sandy clayey
silt) with more decayed roots (Organic matter) with the observed SPT N value 2,
followed by 3.20m thick soft silty clay with the observed SPT N value 2 at two
consecutive depths, followed by 2.00m thick loose silty fine sand with the
observed SPT N value 8, followed by 2.80m thick dense to very dense silty fine
sand upto the explored depth of 12.00m below the existing ground level with the
observed SPT N value ranging from 35 to 52.
129
NEO GEOCONS
In deep bore hole 4, the top layer present upto 0.80m depth is clayey
silt, followed by 4.10m thick soft to marginally medium stiff sandy clayey silt with
little decayed roots with the observed SPT N value ranging from 2 to 4, followed
by 1.40m thick loose silty sand with the observed SPT N value 9, followed by
3.20m thick loose to medium dense silty medium sand with the observed SPT N
value ranging from 9 to 15, followed by 2.50m thick medium dense to very dense
silty fine sand upto the explored depth of 12.00m below the existing ground level
with the observed SPT N value ranging from 26 to 57.
Top layer present upto 0.80m depth in deep bore hole 5 is clayey silty
fine sand, followed by 5.00m thick loose to very loose silty fine sand with the
observed SPT N value varying from 3 to 9, followed by 2.20m thick soft clayey
silt with the observed SPT N value 2, followed by 1.20m thick medium stiff silty
clay with the observed SPT N value 6, followed by 0.80m thick soft sandy clayey
silt with the observed SPT N value 3, followed by 1.00m thick stiff less soil with
more decayed wood with the observed SPT N value 10, followed by 0.50m thick
stiff sand clayey silt with the observed SPT N value 12, followed by 0.50m thick
hard compact clay shale (silty clay) upto the explored depth of 12.00m below the
existing ground level with the observed SPT N value more than 50.
In deep bore hole 6, the top layer present upto 0.40m depth is sandy
silty clay, followed by 0.60m thick silty fine sand with clay binder followed by
2.00m thick marginally medium dense silty fine sand with the observed SPT N
value 10, followed by 2.50m thick very loose cemented sand (calcareous clayey
silty fine sand) with the observed SPT N value 2 at two consecutive depths,
followed by 4.30m thick soft sandy clayey silt with the observed SPT N value
ranging from 2 to 3, followed by 0.70m thick stiff sandy clayey silt with little
decayed wood with the observed SPT N value 11, followed by 1.30m thick
marginally very stiff sandy clayey silt with the observed SPT N value 15,
followed by 0.20m thick hard compact clay shale (clayey silt) upto the explored
130
NEO GEOCONS
depth of 12.00m below the existing ground level with the observed SPT N value
more than 50.
5. ANALYSIS OF FOUNDATION
As already discussed, the proposal envisages construction of Intake &
Pumping Stations at Port Gentil, Gabon for GABON Fertilizer in West Africa.
The details such as bore hole locations marked in the alignment plan, bore
hole location corresponding to chainage, name, dimensions, cross sections &
layout drawings of the proposed Pumping Station and total load of the pumping
station were furnished to us by M/s. Voyants Solutions Private Limited, Chennai,
through Email dated 23.02.2012, 24.02.2012, 28.02.2012 & 29.02.2012.
It is reported that in Mandorove & Loanda area, only valve chamber
structure is to be constructed in the respective crossings. It is also reported that
Pump Room, Transformer Yard, MCC Room, D.G Room, Staff Quarters, Store
room & Office Room are proposed (6 different structures) in the Pumping Station
site & Valve Chamber in the river crossing are to be constructed in Ngola area.
The reported details of the various respective proposed structures are
listed below for the corresponding sites for ready reference.
S.No.
Dimensions (Approximately)
Details
30.00m x 21.00m
Intake Well at
11.50m
2.
Intake Well cum

Pump Room
Transformer Yard
3.
MCC Room
20.00m x 10.00m
4.
D.G. Room
20.00m x 15.00m
5.
Staff Quarters
30.00m x 10.00m
6.
Store Room
10.00m x 10.00m
7.
Office Room
15.00m x 10.00m
1.
8.
Name of the Structure
Valve Chamber
Site
30.00m x 30.00m
7.00m x 5.00m
Six
Structures
Ground Floor
only
Ngola
5.00m depth
below the
existing ground
level
Mandorove
, Loanda &
Ngola river
crossing
131
NEO GEOCONS
Totally six bore holes only have been provided upto depths varying from
12.00m to 15.00m below the existing ground level, at the locations shown by the
engineer-in-charge.
All the six bore holes have been provided for the proposed structures at
three different sites, at the locations shown by the engineer-in-charge, as per the
terms of reference.
All the six bore holes have been executed and terminated, as per the
instructions given by the engineer-in-charge, under close supervision. The depth
of the bore holes terminated for the respective sites are presented below for
ready reference.
Location
Bore Hole Identity
Depth (m)
BH.No: 1
15.00
BH.No: 2
15.00
BH.No: 3
12.00 Hard Stratum with

SPT N value more than 50
Mandorove
Loanda
BH.No: 4
BH.No: 5
Ngola
BH.No: 6
It is reported that the tentative total load for the proposed Intake Well is to
be around 4531t, with a plan area of 30.00m x 7.00m.
/ Net Intensity of loading
4531
= 21.57t/m2 (As reported)
30.00 x 7.00
MANDOROVE AREA
(For Deep Bore Hole No: 1)
For the Proposed Valve chamber

It is reported that in the Mandorove area, valve chamber of size 7.00m x
5.00m and the depth of the proposed valve chamber is to be 5.00m below the
existing ground level.
132
NEO GEOCONS
In deep bore hole 1, the layers present from 5.20m to 15.00m depth
below the existing ground level are very soft sandy clayey silt, very very loose
silty fine sand with decayed wood / roots, very soft sandy clayey silt / sandy silty
clay layers with the observed SPT N value varying from 1 to 5 showing that the
soil layers are very poor to poor in bearing strength with very large
compressibility.
For the proposed Valve chamber, the safe bearing capacity of soil at
5.50m depth below the existing ground level is to be around 1t/m2 with
irrespective of settlement.
Evaluation of the Safe Bearing Capacity at 5.50m depth

For the observed SPT N value = 1; Correlated UCC value = 0.10kg/cm2
The net ultimate bearing capacity (qu) for full raft foundation for cohesive
layer ( = 0) could be computed using the formula as per IS: 6403 1981.
qu
C Nc
Where
C
Nc
Cohesion of the soil
UCC value
2
bearing capacity factors = 5.14 for clays
The net safe bearing capacity could be computed using a factor of safety
of 2.5, with the relationship,
Net safe bearing capacity,
qs
Net Ultimate bearing capacity

Factor of Safety
133
NEO GEOCONS
The correlated UCC value at 5.50m depth for the observed SPT N
value=2 is 0.10kg/cm2 and hence the same is taken for the analysis of
foundation,
Cohesion, C =
0.10= 0.05kg/cm2
2
Substituting,
Net ultimate bearing capacity
qu
0.05 x 5.14 = 0.257kg/cm2
Giving a factor of safety of 2.5, Net safe bearing capacity,

qs
0.257 = 0.1028kg/cm2 i.e. 1.028t/m2 Say 1t/m2

2.50
Settlement Computations at 5.50m depth

The settlement for the proposal of full raft foundation for a maximum width
of 5.00m placed at 5.50m depth below the existing ground level with a loading
rate of 1t/m2 is within the permissible limit.
The estimated settlement is within the allowable limits and hence a

loading of 1t/m2 could be adopted for the proposed construction of Valve
Chamber at MANDOROVE, in the neighborhood of D.BH.No:1, for the proposal
of providing Full Raft foundation of maximum width 5.00m, placed at 5.50m depth
below the existing ground level. It is suggested to provide sand: gravel mix of 1: 1
ratio, instead of sand cushion.
MANDOROVE AREA

It is reported that the size of the proposed valve chamber is 7.00m x
5.00m and the depth of the proposed valve chamber is to be 5.00m below the
existing ground level.
134
NEO GEOCONS
As already stated above, in deep bore hole 2 of Mandorove area, the

observed SPT N value ranging from 0 to 4 from 4.50m depth to 15.00m below
the existing ground level, indicating that the soil layers are very poor in bearing
strength with very large compressibility.
Consequently, for the proposed valve chamber in the Mandorove of Deep

Bore Hole 2 area, the proposition of providing shallow foundation is not
considered.
LOANDA AREA

5.00m and the depth of the proposed valve chamber is to be around 5.00m
below the existing ground level.
In Deep Bore Hole 3, the layers present from 4.00m to 7.20m depth
below the existing ground level are very soft silty clay with the observed SPT N
value 2 at two consecutive depths indicating that the soil layers are very poor in
bearing strength with very large compressibility.
For the proposed Valve chamber, the safe bearing capacity of soil at
5.50m depth below the existing ground level is to be around 2t/m2 with
irrespective of settlement.

for the proposed Valve Chamber
In the Deep Bore Hole No: 3, undisturbed soil (UDS) samples could not be
retrieved in the cohesive soil deposits, since the soil layers present were very
soft to soft in consistency. Hence, for the observed SPT N value in D.BH.No:3=
2; Correlated UCC value is taken as 0.20kg/cm2
135
NEO GEOCONS
The net ultimate bearing capacity (qu) for Individual footing for cohesive
qu
C Nc
qs

Factor of Safety
The correlated UCC value at depths ranging from 4.00m to 7.20m in

D.BH.No: 3, for the average observed SPT N value=2 is 0.20kg/cm2 and hence
the same is taken for the analysis of foundation,
Cohesion, C =
0.20= 0.10kg/cm2
2
Substituting,
qu
0.10 x 5.14 = 0.514kg/cm2

qs
0.514 = 0.205kg/cm2 i.e. 2.05t/m2 Say 2t/m2

2.50
The computations present above are only from shear failure criterion. For
the stability of the proposed Valve chamber, the other criterion viz. settlement
criterion has also to be satisfied.

The settlement for the proposal of full raft foundation for a maximum width
of 5.00m placed at 5.50m depth below the existing ground level with a loading
rate of 2t/m2 is within the permissible limit.
136
NEO GEOCONS
Therefore, for the proposed Valve Chamber at LOANDA, in the

neighborhood of Deep Bore Hole No: 3, it is suggested to provide Full Raft
foundation of maximum width 5.00m, placed at 5.50m depth below the existing
ground level with an allowable bearing capacity of 2t/m2. It is suggested to
provide sand: gravel mix of 1: 1 ratio, instead of sand cushion.

In Deep Bore Hole 4, the layers present from 4.90m to 12.00m depth
below the existing ground level are loose, medium dense & very dense silty
sand, silty medium sand & silty fine sand with he observed SPT N value ranging
from 9 to 57.
Allowable bearing pressure from settlement criterion

Settlement of a footing of width B, under unit intensity of pressure, resting
on dry cohesion less soil deposit with known standard penetration resistance N
value could be computed from fig 9 of IS: 8009 (Part 1). The allowable
bearing pressure is calculated for a maximum settlement of 50mm for a
foundation of maximum width of 5.00m placed at a depth of 5.50m below the
existing ground level only on lose silty sand layer. Ground water level is taken at
the base of the foundation as worst case. Average observed SPT N value in
Deep Bore Hole 4 at 4.90m depth to 9.50m depth below the existing ground
level is 12. For Nav=12, the allowable bearing pressure works out to 8t/m2.
Consequently for the proposed Valve Chamber, in LOANDA, in the
neighborhood of Deep Bore Hole No: 4, it is suggested to provide full raft
137
NEO GEOCONS
foundation at a depth of 5.50m below the existing ground level only on loose silty
sand layer, for a maximum width of 5.00m with an allowable bearing pressure of
8t/m2.
NGOLA Area
(For Deep Bore Hole No: 5 & Deep Bore Hole No: 6)
For the Proposed Ground floor structures

It is reported that in the proposed pumping station area, six various framed
structures of ground floor only are to be proposed, as discussed earlier in the
analysis of foundation.
A comparative examination of Deep Bore Hole No: 5 & 6 in the Ngola
area, reveals that they are almost fairly uniform as regards soil delineation and
strength profile, within the significant depth. However, BH.No: 6 is found to be
relatively critical, as regards strength delineation and the same is considered for
the analysis.
In deep bore hole 6 the layer present at depths ranging from 3.00m to
5.50m below the existing ground level is very loose cemented sand (calcareous
clayey silty fine sand) with the observed SPT N value 2 at two consecutive
depths, followed by 4.30m thick very soft to soft sandy clayey silt with the
observed SPT N value ranging from 2 to 3, indicating that the soil layers are
very poor in bearing with very large compressibility.
In view of the above scenario and considering the very poor soils
encountered at very close to the founding level, the safe bearing capacity of soil
at a depth around 1.50m below the existing ground level is taken as 2t/m2 for the
analysis.

for the Proposed Ground floor Structures
The settlement for a maximum width of foundation of 3.00m placed at

1.50m depth below the existing ground level with a loading rate of 2t/m2 could be
computed as below. The parameters used for computations are given in fig 25.
138
NEO GEOCONS
Settlement of the footing of width B, resting on cohesion less soil layer

could be computed using the formula.
Si
P x H
Es
Where
Si
Immediate settlement
Pressure increment at mid depth of the layer
Thickness of the layer
Es
Compression modulus of the soil
Settlement due to consolidation (Sc) of the cohesive layer could be

computed using the formula as per IS: 8009 (Part 1).
Sc
Cc x H x log10 (Po +P)

1+ eo
Po
Where,
Cc
Compression index
eo
Initial void ratio
Thickness of the layer undergoing consolidation
Po
Existing load at mid depth of the layer
Load increment at mid depth of the consolidating layer
Layer I
Silty fine sand
Thickness of the layer below the foundation H = 1.50m

D
B
0.75
3.00
0.25
Corresponding influence factor IF = 0.89
Therefore,
0.89 x 0.2 = 0.178kg/cm2
Es
50 (N + 15)
139
NEO GEOCONS
Si
Layer II
50 (8 + 15)
1150t/m2
1.78 x 1.50 x 1000 = 2.32mm

1150
Cemented sand (Calcareous clayey silty fine sand)

D
B
2.75
3.00
0.91
Therefore,
0.59 x 0.2 = 0.118kg/cm2
Existing load at mid depth of the consolidating layer

Po
425 x
= 0.425kg/cm2
1
1000
Settlement due to consolidation

Sc1
Layer III
0.14 x 250 x log10 (0.425 + 0.118)

1 + 0.75
0.425
2.128cm = 21.28mm
Sandy clayey silt

D
B
4.25
3.00
1.41
Therefore,
0.38 x 0.2 = 0.076kg/cm2
140
NEO GEOCONS

Po
575 x
1
1000
= 0.575kg/cm2

Sc2
0.60 x 50 x log10 (0.575 + 0.076)

1 + 2.29
0.575
0.491cm = 4.91mm
Total settlement, St = 2.32 + 21.28 + 4.91 = 28.51mm

loading of 2t/m2 could be adopted as an allowable bearing capacity for the
proposed construction of Ground floor structures at NGOLA, in the neighborhood
of D.BH.No:5 & 6, for the proposal of providing Individual footing of maximum
width 3.00m, placed at 1.50m depth below the existing ground level.
For Deep Bore Hole No: 5 & Deep Bore Hole No: 6

Among the two bore hole (D.BH.No: 5 & D.BH.No:6) in the given area
(NGOLA), the observed SPT N value in D.BH.No: 6 (critical) is in the order of 2
to 3 at depths ranging from 5.50m to 9.80m below the existing ground level and
the corresponding safe bearing capacity of the soil at 5.50m to 8.00m depth
below the existing ground level is in the order of 2t/m2 to 3t/m2 revealing that the
soil layer is very poor in bearing strength with very large compressibility.
141
NEO GEOCONS

In the D.BH.No: 5 & D.BH.No: 6, undisturbed soil (UDS) samples could

not be retrieved in the cohesive soil deposits, since the soil layers present were
very soft in consistency. Hence, for the critical observed SPT N value in
D.BH.No:6= 2; Correlated UCC value is taken as 0.20kg/cm2
qu
C Nc
qs

Factor of Safety
The correlated UCC value at a depth of 5.50m in D.BH.No: 6, for the

average observed SPT N value=2 is 0.20kg/cm2 and hence the same is taken
for the analysis of foundation,
Cohesion, C =
0.20= 0.10kg/cm2
2
Substituting,
qu
0.10 x 5.14 = 0.514kg/cm2

qs
0.514 = 0.205kg/cm2 i.e. 2.05t/m2 Say 2t/m2

2.50
The computations present above are only from shear failure criterion. For
the stability of the proposed Valve chamber, the other criterion viz. settlement
criterion has also to be satisfied.
142
NEO GEOCONS

The settlement for a maximum width of (Full Raft) foundation of 5.00m

placed at 5.50m depth below the existing ground level with a loading rate of 2t/m2
could be computed as below. The parameters used for computations are given in
fig 26.
Settlement due to consolidation (Sc) of the cohesive layer could be

computed using the formula as per IS: 8009 (Part 1).
Sc
Cc x H x log10 (Po +P)

1+ eo
Po
Where,
Layer I
Cc
Compression index
eo
Initial void ratio
Thickness of the layer undergoing consolidation
Po
Existing load at mid depth of the layer
Load increment at mid depth of the consolidating layer
Sandy clayey silt

D
B
2.15
5.00
0.43
Therefore,
0.81 x 0.2 = 0.162kg/cm2

Po
765 x
1
1000
= 0.765kg/cm2
143
NEO GEOCONS

Sc1
Layer II
0.60 x 430 x log10 (0.765 + 0.162)

1 + 2.29
0.765
6.541cm = 65.41mm
Sandy clayey silt with decayed wood

D
B
4.65
5.00
0.93

Therefore,
0.57 x 0.2 = 0.114kg/cm2

Po
1015 x
1
1000
= 1.015kg/cm2

Sc2
Layer III
0.50 x 70 x log10 (1.015 + 0.114)

1 + 1.94
1.015
0.550cm = 5.50mm
Sandy clayey silt

D
B
5.65
5.00
1.13
Therefore,
0.50 x 0.2 = 0.10kg/cm2

Po
1115 x
1
1000
= 1.115kg/cm2
144
NEO GEOCONS

Sc3
Layer IV
0.23 x 130 x log10 (1.115 + 0.10)

1 + 1.05
1.115
0.544cm = 5.44mm
Hard Compact clay shale (Clayey silt)

D
B
6.40
5.00
1.25

Therefore,
0.44 x 0.2 = 0.088kg/cm2

Po
1190 x
= 1.190kg/cm2
1
1000

Sc4
0.16 x 20 x log10 (1.190 + 0.088)

1 + 0.83
1.190
0.054cm = 0.54mm
Total settlement
St = 65.41 + 5.50 + 5.44 + 0.54 = 76.89mm
Foxs Correction for the Effect of Depth of Foundation could be Computed

as Per IS: 8009 (Part I)
D
LB
5.50
7.00 x 5.00
0.93
Depth factor from fig.12 of IS: 8009 (Part-1) = 0.73

Hence
Corrected settlement
0.73 x 76.89 = 56.13mm
Correction for rigidity of footing:

Rigidity factor as per IS: 8009 (Part 1) = 0.80
145
NEO GEOCONS
Hence,
Corrected settlement for rigidity of footing = 0.80 x 56.13 = 44.90mm

loading of 2t/m2 could be adopted at a depth of 5.50m below the existing ground
level for the proposed construction of Valve chamber at NGOLA, in the
neighborhood of D.BH.No:5 & D.BH.No: 6, for the proposal of providing full raft
foundation of maximum width 5.00m. It is suggested to provide sand: gravel mix
of 1: 1 ratio, instead of sand cushion.
(For Deep Bore Hole No: 5 & 6)

For the Proposed Intake Well
It is reported that the size of the proposed pump room along with intake
well is to be around 30.00m x 21.00m and the depth of the proposed intake well
is 11.50m below the existing ground level.
In the Deep Bore Hole No: 5 & 6, undisturbed soil (UDS) samples could
not be retrieved in the cohesive soil deposits, as the soil layers encountered were
hard in consistency.
For the proposed Intake well, the safe bearing capacity of soil at 12.00m
depth below the existing ground level is to be around 20t/m2 with irrespective of
settlement.
Evaluations of Safe Bearing Capacity at 12.00m depth

qu
C Nc
146
NEO GEOCONS

qs

Factor of Safety
The correlated UCC value at 12.00m depth for the average observed SPT
N value=50 is 2.0kg/cm2 and hence the same is taken for the analysis of
foundation,
Cohesion, C =
2.00= 1.00kg/cm2
2
Substituting,
qu
1.00 x 5.14 = 5.14kg/cm2

qs
5.14 = 2.056kg/cm2 i.e. 20.56t/m2 Say 20t/m2

2.50
The computations presented above are only from shear failure criterion.
For the stability of the proposed Intake well, the other criterion viz. settlement
criterion has also to be satisfied. The reported size of the present proposed
Intake well structure is to be around 30.00m x 7.00m and it is to be placed at a
depth around 11.50m below the existing ground level.
Generally, in the evaluation of the settlement criteria, the soil layers upto a
minimum depth of 1.50 times the width of foundation (pressure bulb) below the
depth of foundation should be checked as per IS: 8009 (Part-1) 1976, inorder
to evaluate the total settlement of the soil layers. The evaluated settlement
should be within the permissible limit as mentioned in the relevant standards.
Only after satisfying the settlement, the safe bearing capacity of soil shall be
taken as allowable bearing capacity for the design of proposed structure. For
instance, a total investigation depth required in-sequence to check the settlement
147
NEO GEOCONS
criterion, for the proposed intake well structure, with a typical model, is presented
below for ready reference.
Width of the Intake well
7.00m (As reported)
Depth of the Intake well
11.50m (As reported)
10.50m
12.00m (Taken for Analysis)
Depth required for the evaluation

of settlement below the foundation
1.50 times the width x 7.00m
below the depth of foundation
Depth of foundation
Therefore, the total minimum depth

of Investigation required to check
settlement for the above said structure
22.50m below the EGL
At this juncture, the allowable bearing capacity for the proposed intake
well structure shall be checked for the settlement, only after further detailed
investigation, as per the requirements.
6. RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Totally six bore holes have been provided upto depths ranging from
12.00m to 15.00m below the existing ground level, at the locations
shown by the engineer-in-charge, under close supervision as per the
terms of reference.
MANDOROVE
2. In Mandorove area, totally two bore holes only have been provided viz.
D.BH.No: 1 & D.BH.No: 2 upto a depth of 15.00m each, at the
locations shown by the engineer-in-charge, under close supervision, as
per the terms of reference.
148
NEO GEOCONS
For the Proposed Valve Chamber at Mandorove (D.BH.No: 1 area only)
3. For the proposed Valve Chamber, in Mandorove in the neighborhood

of D.BH.No:1 area, it is suggested to provide Full Raft foundation at a
depth of 5.50m below the existing ground level. It is suggested to
4. An allowable bearing capacity of 1t/m2 for D.BH.No: 1 area only shall
be adopted. The settlement analysis is evaluated for a maximum width
of 5.00m, for an allowable bearing capacity of 1t/m2. Hence, the
maximum width of foundation should not exceed 5.00m, inorder to
keep the settlement, within the limit and as evaluated above, vide Page
No: 134.
LOANDA
5. In Loanda area, totally two bore holes only have been provided viz.
D.BH.No: 3 & D.BH.No: 4 upto the hard stratum for a depth of 12.00m
each at the locations shown by the engineer-in-charge, under close
supervision, as per the terms of reference.
For the Proposed Valve Chamber at Loanda (D.BH.No: 3 area)
6. For the proposed Valve Chamber, in Loanda in the neighborhood of

D.BH.No:3 area, it is suggested to provide Full Raft foundation at a
depth of 5.50m below the existing ground level. It is suggested to
7. An allowable bearing capacity of 2t/m2 shall be adopted. The
settlement analysis is evaluated for a maximum width of 5.00m, for an
allowable bearing capacity of 2t/m2. Hence, the maximum width of
foundation should not exceed 5.00m, inorder to keep the settlement,
within the limit and as evaluated above, vide Page No: 136.
149
NEO GEOCONS
For the Proposed Valve Chamber at Loanda (D.BH.No: 4 area)
8. For the proposed Valve Chamber, in Loanda in the neighborhood of

D.BH.No:4 area, it is suggested to provide Full Raft foundation at a
depth of 5.50m below the existing ground level.
9. The Allowable Bearing Pressure works out to 8t/m2.
10. For the above loading rate, the settlement is considered as 50mm,
which is within the allowable limit, for a maximum width of foundation
of 5.00m.
NGOLA
11. In NGOLA area, totally two bore holes only have been provided viz.
D.BH.No: 5 & D.BH.No: 6 upto the hard stratum for a depth of 12.00m
each, at the locations shown by the engineer-in-charge, under close
supervision, as per the terms of reference.
For Ground floors Structures at NGOLA (D.BH.No: 5 & 6 area)
12. For the proposed framed structures with Ground floor only in NGOLA,
in the neighborhood of D.BH.No:5 & 6 area, it is suggested to provide
Individual footing of square or rectangular configuration at a depth
around 1.50m below the existing ground level.
150
NEO GEOCONS
14. All the columns shall be tied up at the grade beam level, both
longitudinally and transversally to ensure integral action of the frame,
as a whole. This is very important.
For the Proposed Valve Chamber at NGOLA (D.BH.No: 5 & D.BH.No: 6 area)
15. For the proposed Valve Chamber, in NGOLA in the neighborhood of

D.BH.No:5 & D.BH.No: 6 area, it is suggested to provide Full Raft
foundation at a depth of 5.50m below the existing ground level. It is
suggested to provide sand: gravel mix of 1: 1 ratio, instead of sand
cushion.
General Recommendations for Ground floor structures

& for Valve Chamber
17. Since the ground water table was met with at depths varying from 0m
to 1.00m below the existing ground level, suitable dewatering

arrangements should be adopted, at the time of execution of
foundation excavation.
18. Over excavations shall be avoided. Over excavated portion, if any,

shall be backfilled with lean concrete.
19. After reaching the termination level of the trench, the laying of mud mat
concrete shall be done immediately, without allowing any elapse of
time. This is to avoid collection at rain / storm water in the trench and
causing reduction in strength of the supporting stratum. Alternatively,
151
NEO GEOCONS
the last 0.15m thick portion of foundation trench shall be removed, just
before mud mat concreting.
20. Storm water shall be disposed of at a far off distance from the building
properly.
Suggestions for the Proposed Intake Well Structure in NGOLA
21. The safe bearing capacities of the soil evaluated for the proposed
Intake Well structure is derived only from shear failure criterion, which
is irrespective of settlement. Hence, the same should not consider for
the design of intake well structure. For the design of foundation, only
Allowable Bearing Capacity / Allowable Bearing Pressures should be
taken for the design of foundation which satisfies the settlement
criterion.
22. Totally two deep bore holes have been considered at the Ngola site,
D.BH.No: 5 & D.BH.No: 6 upto a depth of 12.00m each, at the
locations shown by the engineer-in-charge, as per the terms of
reference. The investigated depth, as per the terms of reference, in
both the bore holes are not sufficient, for the intake well structure,
in order to
examine the settlement criteria, further detailed soil
investigation is to be carried out for finalizing the exact foundation

design of the intake.
152
NEO GEOCONS
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
23. The Soil investigation is carried out at
six locations viz. for
Mandorove two bore holes D.BH.No: 1 upto 15.00m depth &

D.BH.No:2 upto 15.00m depth, for Loanda two bore holes D.BH.No:
3 upto 12.00m depth with the observed SPT N value more than 50
& D.BH.No: 4 upto 12.00m depth with the observed SPT
value more than 50 and for Ngola D.BH.No: 5 upto 12.00m with the
observed SPT N value more than 50 & D.BH.No: 6 upto 12.00m with
the observed SPT
value more than 50 as per the terms of
reference at the locations shown by the engineer-in-charge, under

close supervision. Hence, the present investigation shall be treated
only as a preliminary investigation. Before the finalization of the design,
it is advisable to carryout investigation for
adequate bore holes
for the respective sites, corresponding to the various proposed

structures.
24. The uniformity or otherwise of the soil delineation and strength profile
over the entire site shall be verified during execution. There are
m o r e chances of variation in soil delineation and strength profile, in
vertical and horizontal directions, as the given area is coming
under sedimentary deposits of coastal river origin.
153
NEO GEOCONS
Fig - 18
155
NEO GEOCONS
Fig - 19
156
NEO GEOCONS
Fig - 20
157
NEO GEOCONS
Fig - 21
158
NEO GEOCONS
Fig - 22
159
NEO GEOCONS
Fig - 23
160
NEO GEOCONS
Fig - 24
161
NEO GEOCONS
EGL
EGL
2t/m2
1.50m
Width B = 3.00m
1.50m
2.50m
II
Cemented sand
(Calcareous clayey silty fine sand)
eo = 0.75
III
eo = 2.29
0.50m
Silty fine sand
Sandy clayey silt
N=8
Cc = 0.14
Cc = 0.46
SETTLEMENT COMPUTATIONS
For Ground floor Structures at Ngola
in the Neighborhood of D.BH.No: 5 & D.BH.No: 6
FIG 25
162
NEO GEOCONS
EGL
EGL
2t/m2
5.50m
7.00m x 5.00m
4.30m
Sandy clayey silt
Eo = 2.29
Cc = 0.60
0.70m
II
Sandy clayey silt

with decayed wood
Eo = 1.94
Cc = 0.50
1.30m
III
Sandy clayey silt
Eo = 1.05
Cc = 0.23
0.20m
IV
Hard Compact clay shale

(Clayey silt)
Eo = 0.83
Cc = 0.16
SETTLEMENT COMPUTATIONS
For Valve Chamber at Mandorove in the Neighborhood of D.BH.No: 1
Fig 26
163
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL
NEO GEOCONS
TABLE 7 (1/2)
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS TEST RESULTS ON SOIL SAMPLES
Bore Hole
Identity
D.BH.No: 1
Depth
(m)
5.20m 6.70m
Chloride as
CL (%)
0.01
Sulphate as
So4 (%)
0.26
PH of 10% aqueous
solution @ 250C
3.78
D.BH.No: 2
2.00m 4.00m
0.01
0.02
5.30
D.BH.No: 3
1.90m 3.90m
0.01
0.19
3.25
D.BH.No: 4
0.80m 5.80m
0.01
0.04
4.41
D.BH.No: 5
5.50m 9.80m
0.01
0.10
6.34
D.BH.No: 6
4.90m 6.30m
0.01
0.02
3.98
BH.No: 1
1.00m 5.00m
0.03
0.01
6.58
BH.No: 2
0.80m 5.00m
0.05
0.04
4.63
BH.No: 3
2.00m 5.00m
0.01
0.01
5.48
BH.No: 4
0.80m 1.50m
0.01
0.01
4.90
BH.No: 5
0.80m 1.50m
0.01
0.01
6.50
BH.No: 6
0.80m 1.40m
0.01
0.01
6.20
BH.No: 7
1.00m 2.00m
0.01
0.01
6.67
BH.No: 8
0.80m 2.50m
0.01
0.01
6.03
BH.No: 9
2.00m 5.00m
0.02
0.01
6.30
BH.No: 10
1.50m 5.00m
0.01
0.01
5.03
BH.No: 11
0.50m 1.50m
0.01
0.01
6.01
BH.No: 12
0.60m 1.50m
0.01
0.01
6.70
BH.No: 13
0.30m 2.00m
0.01
0.01
6.50
BH.No: 14
1.70m 5.00m
0.01
0.01
6.38
BH.No: 15
2.20m 5.00m
0.02
0.01
6.10
BH.No: 16
1.00m 5.00m
0.01
0.01
6.44
BH.No: 17
0.80m 2.10m
0.01
0.01
7.40
BH.No: 18
1.00m 2.50m
0.01
0.01
7.30
BH.No: 19
1.00m 1.90m
0.01
0.01
7.20
BH.No: 20
0.40m 2.00m
0.01
0.01
6.50
BH.No: 21
1.50m 5.00m
0.01
0.01
6.26
BH.No: 22
0.50m 1.90m
0.01
0.01
5.95
BH.No: 23
1.50m 5.00m
0.01
0.49
3.53
182
NEO GEOCONS
TABLE 7 (2/2)
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS TEST RESULTS ON SOIL SAMPLES
Bore Hole
Identity
BH.No: 24
Depth
(m)
0.00m 1.60m
Chloride as
CL (%)
0.01
Sulphate as
So4 (%)
0.01
PH of 10% aqueous
solution @ 250C
6.10
BH.No: 25
1.00m 1.50m
0.01
0.01
6.40
BH.No: 26
0.80m 1.50m
0.01
0.01
5.94
BH.No: 27
1.60m 5.00m
0.01
0.01
5.92
BH.No: 28
0.80m 1.60m
0.01
0.01
6.34
BH.No: 29
0.70m 1.50m
0.01
0.01
6.01
BH.No: 30
1.50m 5.00m
0.01
0.01
6.26
BH.No: 31
0.80m 1.30m
0.02
0.01
6.42
BH.No: 32
0.80m 1.60m
0.01
0.01
6.43
BH.No: 33
0.80m 1.20m
0.01
0.01
6.31
BH.No: 34
1.30m 5.50m
0.01
0.01
5.77
BH.No: 35
0.70m 1.60m
0.01
0.38
3.50
BH.No: 36
0.20m 1.50m
0.01
0.01
5.98
BH.No: 37
0.70m 1.80m
0.01
001
6.28
BH.No: 38
0.70m 1.25m
0.01
0.01
4.62
BH.No: 39
0.60m 1.40m
0.01
0.01
6.05
BH.No: 40
0.60m 1.40m
0.01
0.01
6.69
BH.No: 41
1.00m 4.50m
0.01
0.01
6.64
BH.No: 42
1.40m 5.00m
0.01
0.01
5.60
BH.No: 43
1.50m 2.80m
0.01
0.01
6.18
BH.No: 44
0.90m 3.50m
0.01
0.64
3.32
BH.No: 45
1.00m 2.40m
0.01
0.01
5.99
BH.No: 46
0.80m 2.20m
0.02
0.01
6.33
BH.No: 47
2.10m 5.00m
0.01
0.01
6.12
BH.No: 48
0.60m 0.90m
0.01
0.01
5.88
BH.No: 49
0.50m 1.30m
0.02
0.01
6.01
BH.No: 50
0.50m 5.00m
0.03
0.01
6.46
BH.No: 51
0.50m 5.00m
0.01
0.01
6.25
183

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