Information Technology

Information:It is any knowledge that comes to our attention. It can be voice, images, text and video.
Data:
Data is information in useable form.
Methods For Conveying Information:Image, text, sound, number/digits, video etc.

Information Technology:IT is the application of computer and internet to store, retrieve, transmit manipulate data or
information often in the contest of business or other inter-price. It is considered as a subset of
information and communication technology (ICT).
Information technology (IT) all of the equipments and methods use to handle information. The
information is collected, processed, store and used.
Modern information technology (IT) combined electronic and telecommunication so, that large
amount of data can be stored and transmitted. Television, computers, satellite and telephone are
some types of equipment used in information technology (IT). But when we consider the two
specific technologies (Computer and Communication) then, IT is the technology that combines
high speed communication links with computer.
So, now days IT is defined as the technology that combines and computes with high speed
communication links, carrying data, sound and video.

Computer:It is derived from word compute which means to calculate. It is an electronic device, that convert
input into output and makes task easy for human use. Information is given to the computer by
user through input device (mouse, keyboard etc) called Input.

Information is processed by the computer and display to the user on output device (monitor and
printer etc) called output.

Parts of computer:It is divided in two main parts that is Hardware and Software.
I.

Hardware:-

Any part of the computer that you can see or touch is called Hardware e.g. peripheral devices
like Keyboard, Monitor and Printer etc.

II.

Software:-

That part of the computer which you cannot actually see or touch but, they exist or present inside
the computer e.g. Programs that installed in a computer.
It has two types:

i.

System Software:-

Software is needed to run system and controlled system task are called System Software.
They are required to keep system in running condition and they are required to use different
application software properly e.g. MS Windows, MS DOS, OS/2 etc.
System Software helps a computer to perform rotten task like booting up, shutting down and
saving files. OS is the most important system software.
When the computer switch on the operating system is loaded from the hard disk into the primary
memory. The process of starting up the computer is called Booting up.

ii.

Application Software:-

They are used by users. They consist of programs that allow a computer to do special task. Today
a wide verity of Application software is available to need any user e.g. MS Word, MS Excel, MS
power point, Games and music players etc.

Input Devices:Input:Anything given to the computer by user is known as input such as data or instructions.

Data:Data is the collection of raw unprocessed facts and figures. It may consist of words, numbers,
sounds, images and videos.
Information is the processed data. It is organized, meaningful and useful user. Computer input
data and converts it into information after processing that is called output. Instructions are in
the form of program commands and user responses. Program is the set of instructions that tells
the computer how to processed data to convert it into information.
Any instruction given to a computer program is called command.

I.

Input devices:-

It is hardware component that is use to enter data and instructions into computer.
There are different input devices like keyboard, pointing devices, audio input devices, image
capturing devices and video input devices etc.

i.

Keyboard:

It is the most commonly used and important input device. Data is mostly entered by using it. The
battens on keyboard are called keys. A keyboard contain are hundred keys. The arrangement of
keys is called layout.
The most popular keyboard layout is QWERTY.
There are three types of key words on keyboard.
a) Numeric keys
b) Alphabetic keys
c) Function Keys

a) Numeric keys:
It is located on write hand side of keyboard. It has arithmetic operation keys +, -, *, /. That is
used in arithmetic operation and it has digits from zero to nine (0 to 9). It has also a key Numlock. When it off the keyboard cannot be used type number.

b) Alphabetic keys:
They contain all latter keys of alphabets. Capital (A to Z) or Small (a to z).

c) Function keys:
There are from F1 to F12 and perform special functions. These functions depend on the software
being used in computer.
Pointing devices:
It allows users to indicate the function to be performed by controlling the movement of pointer
on a screen.
For Example: mouse, touch pad, touch screen, joy stick and light pen