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3 types of rocks
Igneous rocks
Glassy
Aphanitic (no visible crystals)
Phaneritic (visible crystals)
Porphyritic (Some visible and
some not visible crystals)
Structures and
formations seen
in igneous rocks
include:
Hexagonal
columnar joints
Pahoehoe lava
flows
Dikes, sills, and
batholiths
(plutons)
Pillow basalts
Volcanoes
Rhyolite
Andesite
Basalt
Granite
Diorite
Gabbro
Deltas
Beaches
Rivers
Glaciers
Sand dunes
Shallow seas
Deep oceans
Clastic rocks
Chemically formed rocks
Structures and
formations seen in
sedimentary rocks
include:
Stratification
Cross bedding
Graded bedding
Ripple marks
Mud cracks
Fossils
Conglomerate
Sandstone
Shale
Limestone
Gypsum
Oolites
Chert (including black
flint and red jasper)
Rocks that
metamorphose
because of increasing
heat and pressure
found at plate
subduction zones and
in deep mountain
roots form large areas
of metamorphic rock
through regional
metamorphosis.
Metamorphic rocks
Nonfoliated
metamorphic rocks
formed in areas where
the pressure from all
sides was equal, so
there is no linear
quality to the rocks.
Structures and
formations seen in
metamorphic rocks
include:
Folding
Plastic deformation
Stretching
Alternating dark and
light layers (gneissic
foliation)
Slate
Schist
Gneiss
Amphibolite
Marble
Quartzite
Metaconglomerate