The operating system's job

Your computer's operating system (OS) manages

all of the software and hardwareon the
computer. Most of the time, there are several
different computer programs running at the same
time, and they all need to access your
computer's central processing unit
(CPU), memory, and storage. The operating
system coordinates all of this to make sure each
program gets what it needs.

Types of operating systems

Operating systems usually come pre-loaded on
any computer you buy. Most people use the
operating system that comes with their computer,
but it's possible to upgrade or even change
operating systems. The three most common
operating systems for personal computers
are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.

Modern operating systems use a graphical user

interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). A GUI lets
you use your mouse to click icons, buttons,
and menus, and everything is clearly displayed on
the screen using a combination
of graphics and text.
 Each operating system's GUI has a different look
and feel, so if you switch to a different operating
system it may seem unfamiliar at first. However,
modern operating systems are designed to be easy
to use, and most of the basic principles are the
same.

Microsoft Windows
Microsoft created the Windows operating system
in the mid-1980s. Over the years, there have been
many different versions of Windows, but the most
recent ones are Windows 10 (released in
2015), Windows 8 (2012), Windows 7 (2009),
and Windows Vista (2007). Windows comes pre-
loaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it
the most popular operating system in the
world.

Mac OS X
Mac OS is a line of operating systems created by
Apple. It comes preloaded on all new Macintosh
computers, or Macs. All of the recent versions are
known as OS X(pronounced O-S Ten), and the
specific versions include El Capitan (released in
2015),Yosemite (2014), Mavericks (2013), Moun
tain Lion (2012), and Lion (2011).
According to StatCounter Global Stats, Mac OS X
users account for less than 10% of global operating
systemsmuch lower than the percentage of
Windows users (more than 80%). One reason for
this is that Apple computers tend to be more
expensive. However, many people do prefer the
look and feel of Mac OS X over Windows.

Check out our tutorials on OS X

Basics and specific OS X versions for more
information.

Linux
Linux (pronounced LINN-ux) is a family of open-
source operating systems, which means they can
be modified and distributed by anyone around the
world. This is different from proprietary
software like Windows, which can only be
modified by the company that owns it. The
advantages of Linux are that it is free, and there
are many different distributionsor versions
you can choose from.

According to StatCounter Global Stats, Linux

users account for less than 2% of global operating
systems. However, most servers run Linux
because it's relatively easy to customize.

To learn more about different distributions of Linux,

visit the Ubuntu, Linux Mint,
and Fedora websites, or refer to our Linux Mint
Resources. For a more comprehensive list, you
can visit MakeUseOf's list of The Best Linux
Distributions.
Operating systems
for mobile devices
The operating systems we've been talking about so
far were designed to run
on desktop and laptop computers. Mobile
devices such as phones, tablet computers,
and MP3 players are different from desktop and
laptop computers, so they run operating systems
that are designed specifically for mobile devices.
Examples of mobile operating systems
include Apple iOS and Google Android. In the
screenshot below, you can see iOS running on an
iPad.
Operating systems for mobile devices generally
aren't as fully featured as those made for desktop
and laptop computers, and they aren't able to run
all of the same software. However, you can still do
a lot of things with them, like watch movies, browse
the Web, manage your calendar, and play games.
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Different Types of Computer Processors

Different Types of Computer Processors

Traditionally computer processor design and innovation has advanced at an exceedingly fast rate. As a
corollary, the market for computer processors is vast and often times confusing to a first time explorer.
However, learning the key feature sets and functions that set each processor apart from one another is not
very difficult at all.

Brands

Since the inception of mainstream computing into the homes of society, but there has been consumer and
commercial level computer processor manufacturers. The Intel Corporation is undoubtedly the first name
when any consumer thinks of the word processor is mentioned. Intel has been producing the most top-line
computer processors for several decades now. AMD or Advanced Micro Devices is Intel's only true competitor
in the computer processor market producing computer processors, which rival the speed and power of
Intel's.

Architecture

When considering the architecture of a computer processor, there are really only a few key factors to
consider. Whether the processor has a 32-bit or 64-bit core determines whether or not the processor can run
your software correctly. The amount of on die processor cache memory is also of importance, as this
integrated memory space is where processor instructions are held before execution. Finally, is the system a
single, dual or quad core processor? While multicore processors do have their advantages there is still a lack
of software able to utilize multicore processors.

Clock Speed

The clock speed of a computer processor determines the rate at which a processor executes instructions on
data. Today this rate of execution is expressed in billions of instructions per second. Though having a
computer processor with a high clock speed is advantageous, it alone is not the only factor that dictates
overall system performance. Higher clock speeds increase all system tasks, such as web browsing, movie
encoding, and system utilities like anti-virus software.

Maintenance

Computer processors must be maintained according to their manufacturer's specifications in order to

perform at their full potential. All too often consumers will pick an expensive cutting edge processor while
neglecting support hardware for their processor. Different processors require different power supplies, proper
heat sink/ fan combos, and adequate memory in order to function correctly. Above all, different processors
require different cooling solutions. Each processor has its own TDP (Thermal Design Power) which is an
indication of heat output which must be dissipated.
Current Models

The most recent offerings from Intel and AMD are the Core i7 quad core and Phenom II quad core processors
respectively. The Core i7 supersedes the Core 2 series of dual and quad core Intel processors and the
Phenom II supersedes the Phenom I dual and quad core model AMD processors. Outside of extreme gaming
or high-end 3D graphics applications, even the Phenom II and Core 2 older model processors are more than
adequate for the home user and come at a much lower price point in most cases.
COMPUTER PROCESSORS (CPUS) DUAL, TRIPLE AND

QUAD CORE CPUS

INTEL OR AMD CPUS DUAL CORE, TRIPLE CORE AND QUAD CORE
PROCESSORS TO CHOOSE FROM FOR YOUR SYSTEM

Every PC has a Central Processing Unit (CPU) this acts as the brain of your system. It connects to
the Motherboard and works alongside the other components processing many instructions at the
same time between the different hardware and memory systems.

Advancements in CPU technology now mean systems typically come with Dual Core, Triple core or
Quad Core processors (on one single chip) instead of the traditional one core per chip. Now the total
number of Cores can slot into a socket as before and a single heat sink and fan can keep everything
to the right temperature.

Current Intel or AMD CPU Prices using our feed pages

Intel and AMD are the two companies who dominate the PC Processor market. Both have been
around for decades and have become the main Chip suppliers for the home and business markets.
Both companies have fierce rivalry and they file and counter file court cases against each other all
we care about is that they have near identical chip products on the market at the same time as they
compete for the fastest chip and share of the market.
The competing products are very close to each other and really only the techies compare the
benchmarks before choosing.

Intel Pentium Dual Core Processors

The Intel Pentium processors with Intel dual-core technology deliver great desktop performance, low
power enhancements, and multitasking for everyday computing.

Intel i3 Processors (Ivy Bridge)

Intel Core i3 dual core processors provide 4-way multitasking capability, runs at fixed speed ideal for
typical tasks and media playback but not games.

Intel i5 Processors
Intel i5 usually quad core but some dual processors deliver the next level of productivity.
Mostly the same as i3 but with Intel Turbo Boost Technology, delivers extra speed when
you need it. Like the i3 integrated graphics is included but is only ideal for normal use not for
gaming.

Intel i7 Processors
Intel i7 processors dual or quad core for the most demanding applications with
cache and faster clock speeds. Quad-core processors feature 8-way threading, four
cores will run faster, and more L3 cache, but will consume more power. High-end use, video and
gaming with dedicated video card.

AMD A4 - These A4 processors have 2 processor cores and include a Radeon graphics
chip. Aimed for use with lower end systems.
 AMD A6 - A6 processors dual core, includes turbo function
similar to Intels allows for the processor to adapt to the
task needed. Integrated graphics, on par with Core i3
range.

AMD A8 - 4 processor cores is comparable to the i3 and

low i5, its graphic part is faster than Intels version, can
handle light gaming with ease.

AMD A10 - 4 processors these quad cores are

comparable with the Intel i5, and some i7s should benefit
from better battery life.

ASeries processors use the FM2 socket so they will only fit
in a Motherboard with FM2.

2013 AMD Piledrivers are the latest version Piledriver then

FX-4, FX-6, FX-8 for either 4-8 cores, they use the AM3+
socket so can only be used in Motherboards with
AM3+

Each series of processor usually has a couple of generations

per series where enhancements and tweaks are made, the main thing to check and consider is that
the type of processor is compatible with your motherboard and fits your need and budget.

My personal view is there is little difference between using both makes and have run many stable
and fast systems using both makes. The AMD processors do tend to run hotter than the Intel
versions, but with a suitable fan this is easily kept under control.

I would decide depending on your budget, don't be afraid of using AMD, the AMD range will mirror
closely to Intels in speed and performance and for general use you can use either to run general
programs and movie playback with ease. Gaming or video needs you will have a dedicated video
card to spread the load and likely a larger budget.

Intel products have in my experience always been consistently more expensive, typically 20 than
the AMD equivalent. Throughout my use and builds I find the AMD nearly always more affordable,
partly as Intel's products higher price is sometimes because they are available more in retail
packaging rather than cheaper OEM offerings, this depends on the supplier.

Don't get to hung-up on reviews, you can view a number of benchmarks

comparing the Intel and AMD equivalents head to head, sometimes AMD
will be ahead sometimes Intel will be out in front. But unless you are
crunching specific tasks you will not notice the odd fraction of a second or
couple of seconds here and there.

If you are looking to upgrade just the CPU of your system, then you need to check what type of
socket your Motherboard uses and then check what the current speed cpu is against the fastest
speed version which can be use in your existing Motherboard.

My advice would be to always look at the whole range of CPUs available as sometimes a small bit
extra can get you a significant jump in the speed and performance. Last time I checked a processor
with slightly lower clock speed but with two extra cores for just 10 more!

Of course if you are buying a new or barebones systems then you should check both Intel and
AMD unless you have a major preference, dont forget the compatible motherboard and maybe a
memory upgrade.

If you can research the type of processor you are buying you may be able to gauge if it is soon to be
replaced for a newer series, which could mean the price of your upgrade would be lower as
suppliers look to make room for newer stock.

If you are buying an older Processor series you may struggle to find compatible cpus, most suppliers
will have a couple of the older type, otherwise you may need to resort to a used, b-grade or auction
supplier.