Convert the following from Decimal to Binary

49 - 110001
81 - 1010001
164 - 10100100
Convert the following from Binary to Decimal
1101 0010 13
0011 1110 3
1010 0110 12
For each of the following IP addresses, determine the following:
167.20.4.8 10100111. 0001100. 0000100. 0000111. Class B/29
10.0.1.200 00001010- 00000000- 00000001- 11001000. Class A /32
45.45.161.0- 00101101 00101101- 10100001- 00000000. Class is A. /32
For each of the following IP/Mask combinations, determine the following
189.20.40.0/28, Broadcast address: 189.20.40.15 useable IPs 14, /28
111.21.104.0/23, Broadcast address: 111.21.105.255, total IPs 510, /23
8.4.8.196/30, Broadcast address: 8.4.8.199, total IPs 2, /30
For the following CIDR notations, what is the corresponding subnet mask?
For 26- 255.255.255.192

For 19 - 255.255.224.0
For 6- 252.0.0.0

Chapter 20

1. An organization seldom uses a single router to connect all of its networks. There
are two major reasons:
Because the router must forward each packet, the processor in a given
router is insufficient to handle the traffic passing among an arbitrary
number of networks.
Redundancy improves internet reliability. To avoid a single point of
failure, protocol software continuously monitors internet connections and
instructs routers to send traffic along alternative paths when a network or
router fails.
 2. A router requires an interface of each network to be connected. Since N networks
to be connected by a router having K, then number of routers required will be
N/K..

Chapter 21

1. It allows a local manager to divide the network into sub-networks for better
management in terms of security, traffic segregation
2. Yes, in the original classful address scheme it was possible to determine the class
of an address from the address itself. With original classful address scheme, the
first four bits of the address determined the class.
3. Number of one host mask is /32 so the difference between /32 and /28 is 4
2^4 is 16. This means there is 16 hosts you delete 2 for network and broadcast and
you get: 14 hosts (computers) in /28 network

4. For a / 24 address block, number of available addresses will be 232-24 2 =8 =

256. However, a suffix with all 0s address is reserved for network ID and a suffix
with all 1s address is reserved for broadcast address, so number of addresses that
can be assigned to computers / hosts will be 256 -2 = 254.

5. IPv6 does not implement traditional IP broadcast, and therefore does not define
broadcast addresses. In IPv6, the same result can be achieved by sending a packet
to the link-local all nodes multicast group which is analogous to IPv4 multicast.