MS 544-Part11-Sec1-2001 GCP

MS 327 : PART 2 : 1997
MALAYSIAN MS 544 : PART 11 :

SECTION 1 : 2001
STANDARD
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CODE OF PRACTICE FOR STRUCTURAL USE

OF TIMBER :
PART 11 : RECOMMENDED SPAN TABLES
AND THEIR CALCULATIONS :
SECTION 1 : DOMESTIC FLOOR JOISTS
ICS : 91.080.20
Descriptors : permissible clear span, solid timber joist, design limitations, bearing length, timber size,
joist spacing, sample calculations, span tables
Copyright
DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA

1
MS 327 : PART 2 : 1997
DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS
The Department of Standards Malaysia (DSM) is the national standardisation
and accreditation body.
The main function of the Department is to foster and promote standards,

standardisation and accreditation as a means of advancing the national
economy, promoting industrial efficiency and development, benefiting the health
and safety of the public, protecting the consumers, facilitating domestic and
international trade and furthering international cooperation in relation to standards
and standardisation.
Malaysian Standards are developed through consensus by committees which

comprise of balanced representation of producers, users, consumers and others

with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. These
standards where appropriate are adoption of international standards. Approval of
a standard as a Malaysian Standard is governed by the Standards of Malaysia
Act 1996 (Act 549). Malaysian Standards are reviewed periodically. The use of
Malaysian Standards is voluntary except in so far as they are made mandatory by
regulatory authorities by means of regulations, local by-laws or any other similar
ways.
The Department of Standards appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop

Malaysian Standards. The Department also appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent
for distribution and sale of Malaysian Standards.
For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact:
Department of Standards Malaysia OR SIRIM Berhad

Tingkat 21, Wisma MPSA 1, Persiaran Dato' Menteri
Persiaran Perbandaran P.O. Box 7035, Section 2
40675 Shah Alam 40911 Shah Alam
Selangor D.E. Selangor D.E.
Tel: 60 3 5519 8033 Tel: 60 3 5544 6000

Fax: 60 3 5519 2497 Fax: 60 3 5510 8095
http://www.dsm.gov.my http://www.sirim.my
Email: central@dsm.gov.my
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
CONTENTS
Page
Committee representation.. iii
Foreword.. v
1 Scope. 1
2 Referenced documents.. 1
3 Definitions 1
4 Symbols 2
5 Design considerations 4
6 Permissible spans 6
7 Bearing length.. 11
8 Information to be given in span tables.. 12
Tables
A1 Recommended average densities of timber for purpose of calculation. 13
C1 Permissible clear spans for domestic floor joists SG 1......... 16
C2 Permissible clear spans for domestic floor joists SG 2...... 17
C3 Permissible clear spans for domestic floor joists SG 3..... 18
C4 Permissible clear spans for domestic floor joists SG 4.... 19
C5 Permissible clear spans for domestic floor joists SG 5.... 20
Figure 1 Bearing length, permissible effective and permissible clear span.. 12
i
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
Appendices
A Recommended average densities of timber for purpose of calculation..... 13
B Sample calculation for a domestic floor joists........ 14
C Specimen span tables for domestic floor joists...... 16

ii
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
Committee representation
The Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Committee (ISC D) under whose supervision this Malaysian
Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the organisations :
Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Chartered Institute of Building Malaysia
Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
Department of Standards Malaysia
Jabatan Bekalan Elektrik dan Gas
Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia
Master Builders Association Malaysia
Ministry of Housing and Local Government (Housing Department)
Ministry of Works (Public Works Department)
Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
The development of this Malaysian Standard is under the supervision of the following representatives of the CIDB
Standards Committee :
Ir. Mohamed bin Mohd Nuruddin General Manager, Technology Development Division
Encik Megat Kamil Azmi bin Megat Rus Kamarani Senior Manager, Standard and Quality Unit
Puan Zainora binti Zainal Manager, Standard and Quality Unit
Puan Hanishahani binti Othman The Secretary of CIDB Standards Committee
The Technical Committee on Structural Use of Timber which developed this Malaysian Standards consists of
representatives from the following organisations :
Dr. Abdul Rashid bin Hj. Ab. Malik (Chairman) Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Puan Hanishahani binti Othman (Secretary) Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
Tuan Hj. Mohd Shukari bin Midon Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Encik Zainuddin bin Kader Public Works Department
Puan Dang Anom binti Md. Zin Housing Department
Prof. Madya Dr. Sabaruddin bin Mohd./ Universiti Sains Malaysia

Dr. Badurol Hisham bin Abu Bakar
Prof. Dr. Zainai bin Mohamed/

Dr. Abd. Latif bin Saleh Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Prof Madya Ir. Dr. Mohd Zamin bin Jumaat Universiti Malaya
Dr. Mohd Ariff bin Jamaludin Universiti Putra Malaysia
Encik Mohd Nor Zamri bin Mat Amin Malaysian Timber Industry Board Malaysia
Ir. Yap Chin Tian Timber Trade Federation Malaysia
Tuan Hj. Mohamad Omar bin Mohamad Khaidzir Forest Research Institute Malaysia
iii
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
Committee representation (Working Group)
The Working Group on Recommendations For The Calculation Basis For Span Tables which developed this
Malaysian Standard consists of the following representatives:
Tuan Hj. Mohd Shukari bin Midon (Chairman) Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Encik Hamdan bin Husain (Secretary) Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Encik Zainuddin bin Kader/

Cik Sarina bin Husain Public Works Department
Puan Hanishahani binti.Othman Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
Ir. Yap Chin Tian Timber Trade Federation Malaysia
Prof. Madya Ir. Dr. Mohd Zamin bin Jumaat Universiti Malaya
Dr. Mohd. Ariff bin Jamaludin Universiti Putra Malaysia
Encik Chu Yue Pun Forest Research Institute Malaysia

Encik Mohd Nor Zamri bin Mat Amin Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Encik David Yeoh Eng Chuan Politeknik Shah Alam
Tuan Hj. Mohamad Omar bin Mohamad Khaidzir Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Dr. Badurol Hisham bin Abu Bakar Universiti Sains Malaysia
iv
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
FOREWORD
This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Working Group on Recommendations For
The Calculation Basis For Span Tables established at the Construction Industry Development
Board Malaysia (CIDB) under the authority of the Building and Civil Engineering Industry
Standards Committee.
CIDB is the Standards-Writing Organisation (SWO) appointed by SIRIM Berhad to develop

standards for construction industry.
In the development of this standard, reference was made to BS 5268 : Part 7 : 1989
Recommendations for the calculation basis for span tables. Section 7.1 : Domestic floor
joists.
MS 544 consists of the following parts and sections, under the general title Code of practice
for structural use of timber:
Part 1 :
General
Part 2 :
Permissible stress design of solid timber
Part 3 :
Permissible stress design of glued laminated timber
Part 4 :
Timber panel products
Section 1 : Structural plywood
Section 2 : Marine plywood
Section 3 : Cement bonded particleboard
Section 4 : Oriented strand board OSB)
Part 5 : Timber joints
Part 6 : Workmanship, inspection and maintenance
Part 7 : Testing
Part 8 : Design, fabrication and installation of prefabricated timber for roof trusses
Part 9 : Fire resistance of timber structures
Section 1 : Method of calculating fire resistance of timber members
Part 10 : Preservative treatment of structural timbers
Part 11 : Recommendation for the calculation basis for span tables
Section 1 : Domestic floor joists
Section 2 : Ceiling joists
Section 3 : Ceiling binders
Section 4 : Domestic rafters
Part 12 : Structural laminated veneer timber for structural application.
Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
obligations.
v
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR STRUCTURAL USE OF TIMBER :

PART 11 : RECOMMENDED SPAN TABLES AND THEIR
CALCULATIONS :
SECTION 1 : DOMESTIC FLOOR JOISTS
1. Scope
This Section of MS 544 : Part 11 recommends a calculation basis for the permissible clear
span for simply supported domestic floor joists of solid timber. The recommendations apply to
joists at a maximum spacing of 610 mm centre-to-centre, this being the maximum spacing of
which the `load-sharing' assumption may be adopted as described in MS 544 : Part 2. The
method of calculation makes no allowance for any contribution of the flooring to the load
resistance of the joists where such action can be provided by adequate attachments between
the elements as in a stressed skin panel floor. Only uniform loading is considered whereas
concentrated or line loads applied by partition, trimmers and other similar causes are
excluded.
This Section of MS 544 : Part 11 is applicable to the species, strength and grades of timber
given in MS 544 : Part 2.
2. Referenced documents
The following referenced documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this Malaysian Standard. For dated references, where there are
subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However,
parties to agreements based on this Malaysian Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the referenced documents. For undated
references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
MS 544 : Part 1 to Part 8 - Code of practice for structural use of timber.
Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, (G.N. 5178/85) (UBBL).
3. Definitions
For the purpose of this Section of MS 544 : Part 11, the definitions given in MS 544 : Part 1
apply, together with the following:
3.1 Bearing length
The length at each end of the joist in contact with the support.
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
3.2 Effective span
Span from centre-to-centre of the minimum bearing lengths at each end.
3.3 Grade stress
Stress that can safely be permanently sustained by material of a specific section size and of a
particular strength group and grade.
3.4 Load-sharing system
Assembly to pieces of members that are constrained to act together to support a common
load.
3.5 Notional bearing length
Bearing length required for the calculation of permissible clear spans.

3.6 Permissible clear span
Permissible unsupported span of a joist, measured between the faces of the supports at its
two ends.
NOTE. Permissible clear span is equal to permissible effective span less the notional bearing length.
3.7 Permissible effective span
Lowest value of effective span found from the calculations for bending strength, and
deflection.
3.8 Permissible stress
Stress that can safely be sustained by structural material under a particular condition.
NOTE. For the purpose of this section of MS 544 : Part 11, it is the product of the grade stress and the appropriate
modification factors for section size, service and loading.
3.9 Strength group
Grouping of solid timber based on particular values of grade stress.
4. Symbols
For the purposes of this Section of MS 544 : Part 11, the following symbols apply.
The symbols used are:
a distance (notional bearing length);
b breadth of joist;
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
E modulus of elasticity;
F total load per metre length;
Fd dead load per square metre applied by mass of ceiling and flooring materials
(excluding joist self weight);
Fj self weight of joist per meter length;
G shear modulus;
h depth of joist;
I second moment of area;
K modification factor (always with a subscript);
L effective span;
Ladm permissible effective span;
Lcl permissible clear span;
M bending moment;
s spacing of joists, centre-to-centre;
deflection;
Z section modulus;
density;
stress; and
shear stress.
The following subscripts are used:
a) Type of force, stress etc.:
c compression; and
m bending.
b) Significance :
adm permissible;
cl clear;
g grade; and
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
max maximum.
c) Geometry :
// parallel (to the grain); and
perpendicular (to the grain).
It is recommended that where more than one subscript is used, the categories should be
separated by commas. Subscripts may be omitted when the context in which the symbols are
used is unambiguous except in the case of modification factor K.
5. Design considerations
5.1 General
The design calculations recommended by this Section of MS 544 : Part 11 are based on
engineers bending theory and are consistent with the recommendations of MS 544 : Part 1 to
Part 7 and the shear stresses as given in MS 544 : Part 2 are not exceeded and that the
deflection does not exceed the recommended limit of 0.003 times the span or 14 mm (see
11.7 of MS 544 : Part 2) whichever is smaller.
NOTES:
1. A sample calculation is given in Appendix B.
2. Tables C1 to C7 in Appendix C contain specimen span tables.
5.2 Qualifying assumptions
The calculations given in this Section apply to systems of at least four domestic floor joists, at
a maximum spacing of 610 mm centre-to-centre and having adequate flooring to provide
lateral load distribution. Because load sharing take place the load sharing modification factor
K2 and the mean modulus of elasticity should be used.
Lateral support should be provided in accordance with 11.8 of MS 544 : Part 2.
The bearing length required at each end of the joist, calculated in accordance with 6.5, may
not be sufficient for practical construction purpose.
5.3 Loading
The design calculations provide for domestic floor loads which consist of the following.*
a) Imposed load
i) for an effective span equal to or greater than 2400 mm, the imposed load is
2
1.5 kN/m uniformly distributed;
* Concentrated or line loads applied by partitions, trimmers and other similar causes are excluded.
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
ii) for an effective span less than 2400 mm, the imposed load is 3.6 kN per
metre width of floor (measured perpendicular to the span) uniformly
distributed over the span.
NOTE. This imposed load of 1.5 kN/m2 entirely fulfils the recommendations of UBBL : 1984. The maximum imposed
load of 3.6 kN per metre width is a more onerous load applied to ensure that very small joist sizes do not result from
the calculations for small spans.
The imposed load should be considered as a long term load.
b) Dead load
2
Dead load per square metre Fd (in kN/m ) to provide for the mass of ceiling and flooring
materials, puggings, etc. Weights of materials are given in UBBL : 1984.
c) Self weight
Self weight per metre length Fj (in kN/m) to provide for the mass of the joists. The timber
3
densities (in kg/m ), given in Appendix A should be used.
5.4 Design loads
The total load per metre length of span, F, is found in different ways depending on whether
the span is less than or greater than 2400 mm.
For spans equal to or greater than 2400 mm, F (in kN/m) is given by the equation
s +F
F = (1.5 + Fd ) j (1)
1000
For spans equal to or less than 2400 mm, F (in kN/m) is given by the equation
3600 + F s + F
F = d (2)
L 1000
j
where,
s is the joist spacing (in mm);
L is the effective span (in mm);

2
Fd is the dead load (in kN/m ); and
Fj is the self weight of joist (in kN/m);
NOTE. At a span of 2400 mm, equations (1) and (2) give the same value for F.
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
The value of Fj (in kN/m) may be found from the equation

-9
Fj = 9.80665 x 10 bh (3)
where,
3
is the timber density (in kg/m );
b is the joist breadth (in mm); and
h is the joist depth (in mm).

NOTE. The value of F is regarded as being in N/mm in the equations given in Clause 6, where all values are in
newtons and millimetres because MS 544 : Part 2 gives stresses in N/mm2.
6. Permissible spans
6.1 General
The permissible effective span of a timber joist subjected to the applied loads given in 5.3
should be the shortest effective span resulting from calculations for bending strength, shear
strength and deflection, as given in 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4.
The permissible clear span should be calculated as the permissible effective span less the
notional bearing length, calculated in accordance with 6.5.
6.2 Limitation of bending stress
From MS 544 : Part 2, the permissible bending stress
m, adm
2
(in N/mm ) is given by the equation
m, adm = m, g K1K2K6 (4)
where,
2
m,g is the grade bending stress (in N/mm ) (see MS 544 : Part 1);
K1 is the load duration modification factor, 1.0 for long term (see Table 5 of MS 544 :
Part 2);
K2 is the load sharing modification factor, 1.1 (see Clause 10 item (a) of MS 544 : Part
2); and
K6 is the section depth modification factors 1.0 (see.11.6 of MS 544 : Part : 2).
Expanding the equation

M
m,g, adm = (5)
Z
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
leads to the following equations:
Effective span, L 2400 mm
s L2 6
m,g x 1.0 x K 6 x 1.1 = (1.5 + Fd ) + Fj (6)
1000 8 bh
2
Effective span, L 2400 mm

3600 s L2 6 (7)
m,g x 1.0 x K 6 x 1.1 = + Fd + Fj
L 1000 2
8 bh
NOTE. These equations lead to the following polynomials in L.
L 2400 mm
s 2
(1.5 + Fd )
3
+ Fj L - m,g x 1.0 x K 6 x 1.1 = 0 (8)
4bh 2
1000
L 2400 mm
3 s 2 2700 s
Fd + Fj L + L - m,g x 1.0 x K 6 x 1.1 = 0 (9)
4bh 2
1000 bh 2 1000
6.3 Limitation of shear stress

2
From MS 544 : Part 2, the permissible shear stress adm (in N/mm ) is given by the equation:
adm = g K1 K2 (10)
where,
2
g is the grade shear stress (in N/mm ) (see MS 544 : Part 2);
K1 is the load duration modification factor, 1.0 for long term (see Table 5 of MS 544 :
Part 2); and
K2 is the load duration modification factor, 1.1 [see clause 10 Item (a) of MS 544 : Part
: 2].
Expanding the equation
3 FL
adm = (11)
2 2 bh
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
leads to the following equations:
Effective span L 2400 mm
s L
(1.5 + Fd )
3
g x 1.0 x 1.1 = + Fj (12)
2 1000 2bh
Effective span L 2400 mm
3 3600 s L
g x 1.0 x 1.1= + Fd + Fj (13)
2 L 1000 2 bh
NOTE. These equations lead to the following polynomials in L.
L 2400 mm
s
(1.5 + Fd )
3
+ Fj L - g x 1.0 x 1.1= 0 (14)
4bh 1000
L 2400 mm
3 s 2700 s
- g x 1.0 x 1.1= 0 (15)
Fd + Fj L +
4 bh 1000 bh 1000
6.4 Limitation of deflection
From MS 544 : Part 2, the recommended deflection limitation max (in mm) is given by the
equation
max = 0.003L (16)
with an overriding limitation of 14 mm (see 11.7 of MS 544 : Part 2).
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
The design equation limiting deflection is

4
5 FL (17)
max =
384 EI
NOTE. In addition to the deflection due to bending, the shear deflection can be significant and has been taken into
account.
where, E is the mean modulus of elasticity
or, inserting the expressions for equivalent uniformly distributed load, for an effective span L
2400 mm
s 5 L4
max = (1.5 + F )
d j x
+ F (18)
1000 384 EI
and for an effective span L 2400 mm
3600 s 5 L4
max = + Fd + Fj x (19)

L 1000 384 EI
With a deflection limitation of 0.003L for an effective span L 2400 mm
s 5 L4 12
0.003 L = (1.5 + Fd ) + Fj x
1000
3
384 E bh (20)
3600 s 5 L4 12
0.003 L = + Fd + F j x 3 (21)
L 1000 384 E bh
A further design equation is required for the 14 mm limitation on deflection of spans greater
than or equal to 2400 mm: this is similar to equation (20) but with '0.003L' replaced by 14'.
The deflection of spans less than 2400 mm will be limited to less than 14 mm by equation
(21).
NOTE. The three design equations lead to the following polynomials in L.
Limitation 0.003L
L 2400 mm
s 3
(1.5 + Fd )
5 (22)
+ F j L - 0.003 = 0
32 Ebh 3
1000
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
5L s
3
118000 L2 s
3 d + Fj + 3 - 0.003 = 0
F (23)
32 Ebh 1000 32 Ebh 1000
Limitation 14 mm
L 2400 mm
4
s
(1.5 + Fd )
5L (24)
+ Fj - 14 = 0
32 Ebh 1000
3
6.5 Permissible clear spans
The calculation of clear span requires the deduction of a notional bearing length from an
effective span.
The calculation of the notional bearing length to be deducted from the permissible effective
span to produce the clear span is made after finding L adm , the smallest of the effective spans
for a given cross section, as limited by:
a) bending stress, L 2400 mm;
b) bending stress, L 2400 mm;
c) shear stress, L 2400 mm;
d) shear stress, L 2400 mm;
e) deflection, limitation 0.003L, L 2400 mm;
f) deflection, limitation 0.003L, L 2400 mm; and
g) deflection, limitation 14 mm.
From MS 544 : Part 2, the permissible compression perpendicular to the grain stress c,,adm
2
(in N/mm ) is given by the equation
c,,adm = c,,g K1K2 (25)
where,
2
c,,g is the grade compression perpendicular to the grain stress (in N/mm )
(see Table 4 of MS 544 : Part 2);
K1 is the load duration modification factor, 1.0 for long term

(see Table 5 of MS 544 : Part 2); and
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
K2 is the load sharing modification factor, 1.1 (see clause 10 item (a)
of MS 544 : Part 2).
The notional bearing length a (in mm) required at each end should be determined from the
equation
FL adm (26)
c,, adm ba =
2
where,
b is the breadth of the joist (in mm); and
Ladm is the permissible effective span (in mm).
Inserting the expressions for F, equation (26) gives for an effective span L 2400 mm
s L adm
c, ,g x 1.0 x 1.1 ba = (1.5 + Fd ) + Fj (27)
1000 2
for L 2400 mm
3600 s Ladm (28)

c, ,g x 1.0 x 1.1 ba = + Fd + Fj
Ladm 1000 2
The equation corresponding to the loading condition governing the permissible effective span
should be solved for a, and half the value of a should be deducted from each end of the span
(total deduction a, see Figure 1) to give the permissible clear span. Lcl (in mm) is given by the
equation
Lcl = Ladm - a (29)
7. Bearing length
Although correct for the calculation of clear span the procedure given in 6.5 for the calculation
of notional bearing length may not ensure that the permissible compression perpendicular to
the grain stress is not exceeded for all loading cases.
The design of some members may be governed by a loading case which does not represent
the greatest total load of all loading cases. For example, the governing design case may
include a concentrated load, but another less critical loading may consist of a greater total
load uniformly distributed along the span.
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
8. Information to be given in span tables
There are many possible formats for span tables. A typical format suitable for domestic floor
joist at predetermined centers and for quoted loading is given in Appendix C.
This Section of MS 544 : Part 11 does not recommend formats for different components but
whatever format is used the following information should be given in the heading or in the
main body or in the footnotes of the span tables, or in an introduction to the tables:
a) the loading;
b) details of the arrangement of the members;
c) the member sizes and their maximum permissible deviations and/or the standards
that define these quantities;
d) the stress grade or strength group and/or the standards that define these properties;
e) a statement specifying any requirements additional to those given in the stress

grading rules, e.g. whether wane is prohibited at bearings;
f) a statement that the spans have been calculated in accordance with the
recommendations of MS 544 : Part 2;
g) a statement specifying any structural requirements that may be necessary to comply

with the qualifying assumptions made in 5.2, e.g. lateral support requirements,
accommodation of lateral thrust at supports; and
h) the permissible clear spans.
a L cl a
a/2 a/2
L adm
Figure 1. Bearing length, permissible effective and permissible clear span
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
Appendix A
(normative)
Recommended average densities of timber for purpose of calculation
Table A1. Recommended average densities of timber

for purpose of calculation
3
Units in kg/m
Recommended average densities
Strength group
Dry Wet
SG1 1050 1200

SG2 950 1100
SG3 850 1000
SG4 750 900
SG5 650 800
SG6 550 700
SG7 450 600
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MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
Appendix B
(normative)
Sample calculation for a domestic floor joists
The objective is to find the permissible clear span, given the following data as applicable to a
particular design case.
Timber Strength group, SG4, dry (see Table 4 of

MS 544 : Part 2)
Dimensions Joist breadth, b = 47 mm

Joist depth, h = 72 mm
Joist spacing, s = 600 mm
Loading Dead load, F d = 0.25 kN/m2 (see 5.3 (b))

= 1.5 kN/m2
(L 2400 mm,
Imposed load
or = 3.6 kN/m width of floor
see 5.3 (a))

(L 2400 mm, see 5.3 (a))
The following data are given in MS 544 : Part 2 : 2000
Grade stress and density MS 544 : Part 2
Common grade bending stress, m,g

2
= 10.5 N/mm Table 4
Common grade shear stress, g = 0.99 N/mm2 Table 4
Mean modulus of elasticity, E = 11000 N/mm2 Table 4
Common grade compression perpendicular
to the grain stress (with wane permitted), c,,g = 1.54 N/mm2 Table 4
Density (dry), = 750 kg/m3 Appendix A (MS 544 Part 11)
Modification factors
MS 544 : Part 2
Load duration, K1 = 1.0 long term Table 17
Load sharing, K2 = 1.1 Clause 10
Depth, K6 = 1.0 Clause 11.6
Permissible stresses and recommended deflection limitation MS 544 : Part 11 : Section 1
Permissible bending stress,

m,adm (in N/mm2) = m,gK1K2 Clause 6.2
= 11.55 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress,

adm (in N/mm2) = gK1K2 Clause 6.3
= 1.09 N/mm2
Recommended deflection limitation

max (in mm) = 0.003L
or = 14 mm Clause 6.4
Permissible compression perpendicular to the

grain
Stress, c,,adm (in N/mm2) = c,,g K1K2 Clause 6.5
= 1.69 N/mm2
14
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
Application of the design equations from 6.2 to 6.4 leads to the following solutions for effective
span L :
a) Limitation of bending stress L = 1868 mm (equation (8))

or L = 1544 mm (equation (9));
b) Limitation of shear stress L = 4571 mm (equation (14))

or L = 15,744 mm (equation (15));
c) Limitation of deflection (0.003L) L = 1510 mm (equation (22))

or L = 1248 mm (equation (23));
d) Limitation of deflection (14 mm) L = 2003 mm (equation (24)).
NOTE. Solutions to all seven design equations have been provided in (a) to (d) for illustrative purposes but in
practice fewer solutions would be required for any individual permissible span calculation. Some solutions are
invalid; for example the solution of equation (9) is invalid because it exceeds 2400 mm.
The permissible effective span Ladm is therefore,
Ladm = 1248 mm
The appropriate equation is selected from 6.5 (i.e. in this case for L <2400 mm) to calculate
the notional bearing length, a, as 15 mm.
The permissible clear span Lcl for the joists is then,
LcI = Ladm a
= 1233 mm
15
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001

Appendix C
(normative)
Specimen span tables for domestic floor joists
Table C1. Permissible clear spans for domestic floor joists SG 1
Dry Dead load supported by joist Wet

2 2 2
Nett 0.25 kN/m 0.50 kN/m 1.25 kN/m Nett
Size Centre to centre spacing of joists (in mm) Size
(mm) 400 450 600 400 450 600 400 450 600 (mm)
35x72 1683 1593 1391 1610 1526 1337 1453 1382 1219 38x75
95 2446 2341 2055 2327 2213 1951 2055 1958 1738 100
120 3077 2964 2702 2949 2840 2587 2662 2561 2318 125
140 3578 3448 3145 3431 3305 3013 3099 2983 2715 150
165 4200 4049 3697 4029 3882 3542 3642 3507 3194 175
190 4776 4646 4245 4623 4457 4069 4183 4029 3671 200
215 5224 5085 4755 5067 4930 4593 4702 4548 4147 225
47x72 1925 1825 1599 1834 1742 1531 1645 1566 1386 50x75
95 2686 2588 2348 2575 2480 2220 2311 2206 1964 100
16
120 3375 3253 2971 3237 3119 2846 2927 2818 2567 125
140 3920 3781 3456 3762 3627 3312 3405 3280 2989 150
165 4596 4435 4058 4414 4257 3891 3999 3853 3515 175
190 5106 4973 4655 4955 4824 4467 4589 4424 4038 200
215 5581 5437 5094 5418 5276 4938 5039 4903 4559 225
60x140 4220 4074 3730 4055 3912 3578 3677 3544 3234 63x150
165 4869 4744 4376 4727 4586 4200 4314 4160 3801 175
190 5387 5251 4924 5233 5098 4776 4872 4742 4364 200
215 5882 5736 5384 5717 5572 5224 5328 5188 4853 225
72x190 5600 5462 5130 5444 5307 4979 5077 4944 4619 75x200
215 6110 5963 5606 5943 5797 5443 5549 5406 5064 225
NOTES :
1. For species combinations in this strength group see Table 3 of MS 544 : Part 2.
2. The shown permissible clear spans are of the mean value between the dry and wet nominal size calculation.
3. All permissible stress calculations in this span tables are based on common grade stresses and mean modulus of elasticity.
4. The tables are computed on the basis that the specification does not exclude wane at bearing.
5. The spans have been calculated in accordance with the recommendations of MS 544 : Part 2 and Part 11 : Section 1.
6. The material should be stress graded in accordance with Malaysian Grading Rules 1984.
7. The nett sizes has taken into consideration their maximum permissible deviations .
1
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
Dead load supported by joist

Dry 2 2 2 Wet
(mm) (mm)
400 450 600 400 450 600 400 450 600
35x72 1596 1511 1317 1529 1449 1268 1384 1315 1158 38x75
95 2345 2225 1950 2217 2106 1854 1961 1868 1656 100
120 2967 2858 2604 2843 2737 2492 2564 2467 2213 125
140 3452 3325 3031 3308 3186 2902 2986 2873 2613 150
165 4053 3906 3564 3887 3744 3413 3511 3379 3075 175
190 4650 4483 4093 4461 4299 3922 4033 3883 3535 200
215 5089 4951 4621 4933 4799 4428 4553 4384 3994 225
47x72 1829 1733 1516 1745 1656 1454 1568 1492 1319 50x75
95 2591 2496 2232 2483 2391 2113 2209 2108 1874 100
120 3257 3139 2864 3123 3009 2744 2822 2716 2473 125
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001

140 3785 3649 3333 3631 3499 3193 3284 3162 2880 150
17
165 4439 4282 3915 4261 4109 3753 3858 3716 3387 175
190 4976 4844 4493 4827 4698 4309 4428 4267 3892 200
215 5440 5298 4960 5279 5140 4807 4906 4772 4395 225
60x140 4078 3935 3600 3916 3777 3452 3548 3418 3118 63x150
165 4747 4613 4225 4591 4430 4053 4165 4014 3665 175
190 5254 5119 4796 5101 4968 4650 4745 4606 4208 200
215 5739 5594 5246 5575 5432 5089 5191 5053 4723 225
72x190 5465 5328 5000 5310 5175 4850 4947 4816 4458 75x200
215 5965 5819 5466 5800 5654 5305 5409 5268 4930 225
NOTES :
2
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001


Dry 2 2 2 Wet
(mm) (mm)
400 450 600 400 450 600 400 450 600
35x72 1477 1396 1214 1418 1342 1171 1287 1222 1073 38x75
95 2178 2064 1805 2063 1958 1719 1831 1743 1540 100
120 2813 2708 2465 2694 2593 2351 2427 2325 2065 125
140 3273 3152 2871 3136 3019 2747 2827 2719 2470 150
165 3845 3704 3375 3685 3548 3231 3325 3199 2907 175
190 4413 4252 3878 4231 4075 3713 3820 3676 3343 200
215 4892 4758 4379 4740 4600 4194 4313 4152 3777 225
47x72 1696 1606 1401 1621 1537 1347 1463 1390 1226 50x75
95 2458 2357 2070 2343 2228 1964 2067 1970 1748 100
120 3091 2977 2714 2962 2853 2599 2674 2573 2331 125
140 3593 3463 3159 3445 3319 3026 3112 2995 2726 150
18
165 4216 4065 3712 4045 3898 3556 3657 3521 3206 175
190 4787 4659 4262 4640 4474 4085 4200 4045 3685 200
215 5236 5097 4766 5078 4942 4610 4714 4565 4161 225
60x140 3875 3737 3415 3719 3585 3273 3365 3241 2953 63x150
165 4542 4383 4010 4362 4207 3845 3952 3808 3472 175
190 5059 4927 4601 4910 4779 4413 4535 4371 3989 200
215 5529 5387 5046 5368 5227 4892 4992 4857 4502 225
72x190 5266 5132 4810 5114 4982 4665 4759 4626 4228 75x200
215 5751 5607 5261 5588 5445 5103 5205 5067 4737 225
NOTES :
3
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
Dead load supported by joist Wet

Dry 2 2 2 Nett
Nett 0.25 kN/m 0.50 kN/m 1.25 kN/m Size
Size Centre to centre spacing of joists (in mm) (mm)
(mm)
400 450 600 400 450 600 400 450 600
35x72 1301 1229 1065 1253 1185 1031 1145 1085 927 38x75
95 1927 1824 1591 1833 1738 1521 1637 1556 1371 100
120 2579 2482 2210 2469 2373 2089 2189 2085 1846 125
140 3002 2889 2629 2875 2766 2515 2589 2489 2235 150
165 3527 3396 3092 3379 3252 2958 3045 2928 2659 175
190 4050 3901 3553 3881 3736 3401 3500 3366 3057 200
215 4570 4402 4013 4380 4218 3841 3952 3803 3455 225
47x72 1498 1417 1233 1437 1361 1189 1305 1239 1089 50x75
95 2204 2090 1830 2088 1983 1743 1854 1765 1561 100
120 2836 2731 2488 2717 2616 2381 2450 2352 2091 125
140 3298 3177 2896 3161 3044 2772 2852 2745 2495 150
19
165 3872 3732 3404 3713 3577 3260 3353 3227 2935 175
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001

190 4442 4282 3909 4261 4106 3745 3852 3708 3374 200
215 4914 4782 4412 4764 4632 4228 4347 4186 3812 225
60x140 3560 3432 3133 3415 3291 3002 3087 2972 2706 63x150
165 4176 4028 3681 4008 3864 3527 3627 3493 3182 175
190 4751 4618 4224 4596 4432 4050 4163 4010 3656 200
215 5194 5058 4733 5040 4906 4570 4682 4525 4128 225
72x190 4949 4821 4471 4804 4677 4289 4407 4248 3878 75x200
215 5408 5269 4938 5251 5114 4787 4885 4753 4377 225
NOTES :
4
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001


Dry 2 2 2
Wet
(mm) (mm)
400 450 600 400 450 600 400 450 600
35x72 1183 1109 838 1141 1041 795 992 899 700 38x75
95 1759 1663 1414 1677 1588 1309 1503 1389 1105 100
120 2419 2307 2016 2294 2178 1910 2017 1919 1579 125
140 2816 2709 2461 2695 2592 2349 2423 2320 1973 150
165 3311 3186 2896 3169 3048 2768 2851 2740 2441 175
190 3802 3660 3328 3641 3503 3183 3277 3150 2806 200
215 4292 4132 3760 4111 3956 3596 3702 3559 3170 225
47x72 1366 1290 1116 1313 1242 1047 1197 1135 905 50x75
95 2019 1912 1669 1917 1818 1593 1708 1624 1397 100
120 2663 2564 2315 2550 2454 2184 2279 2172 1925 125
140 3099 2983 2716 2968 2857 2598 2674 2571 2327 150
20
165 3640 3505 3193 3488 3358 3055 3145 3024 2746 175
190 4177 4024 3668 4004 3856 3511 3613 3476 3158 200
215 4692 4540 4141 4518 4352 3965 4079 3925 3568 225
60x140 3349 3227 2942 3210 3092 2816 2897 2788 2534 63x150
165 3930 3788 3457 3769 3632 3311 3405 3278 2981 175
190 4507 4346 3969 4324 4168 3802 3910 3765 3426 200
215 4965 4832 4478 4815 4684 4292 4412 4249 3870 225
72x190 4733 4596 4205 4574 4412 4031 4144 3992 3638 75x200
215 5174 5039 4715 5021 4887 4548 4664 4504 4107 225
NOTES :
5
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001

Dry 2 2 2
Wet
(mm) (mm)
400 450 600 400 450 600 400 450 600
35x72 1061 1000 769 1026 964 731 925 836 477 38x75
95 1585 1496 1296 1515 1433 1236 1365 1294 1046 100
120 2201 2084 1816 2081 1973 1726 1839 1748 1477 125
140 2620 2520 2256 2507 2410 2128 2226 2119 1871 150
165 3081 2964 2692 2948 2835 2572 2650 2545 2295 175
190 3540 3406 3095 3388 3259 2958 3047 2927 2651 200
215 3997 3847 3497 3827 3681 3343 3442 3308 2996 225
47x72 1229 1159 1003 1185 1119 952 1085 1028 827 50x75
95 1823 1725 1501 1737 1645 1438 1556 1477 1298 100
120 2479 2386 2091 2371 2252 1979 2083 1983 1753 125
140 2886 2777 2526 2763 2658 2415 2487 2390 2125 150
21
165 3391 3265 2971 3248 3126 2842 2925 2813 2552 175
190 3894 3750 3414 3731 3591 3266 3362 3233 2934 200
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001

215 4394 4232 3856 4211 4054 3690 3797 3652 3316 225
60x140 3122 3006 2738 2991 2879 2620 2697 2594 2353 63x150
165 3666 3531 3219 3514 3384 3081 3170 3050 2772 175
190 4206 4053 3697 4033 3885 3540 3642 3505 3187 200
215 4716 4572 4173 4549 4384 3997 4111 3958 3600 225
72x190 4450 4291 3920 4270 4116 3756 3862 3719 3386 75x200
215 4918 4787 4423 4770 4640 4239 4358 4198 3824 225
NOTES :
6
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001
MS 544 : PART 11 : SECTION 1 : 2001


Dry 2 2 2 Wet
(mm) (mm)
400 450 600 400 450 600 400 450 600
35x72 815 721 525 772 686 253 678 606 74 38x75
95 1405 1257 943 1301 1168 885 1095 990 762 100
120 2090 1884 1443 1894 1715 1329 1541 1405 1106 125
140 2523 2424 1988 2411 2287 1799 1990 1825 1460 150
165 2968 2852 2493 2837 2695 2328 2434 2280 1846 175
190 3411 3278 2841 3256 3071 2654 2775 2612 2228 200
215 3853 3679 3188 3651 3444 2979 3114 2932 2523 225
47x72 1069 954 711 1004 899 677 868 783 598 50x75
95 1731 1623 1241 1650 1493 1154 1366 1245 979 100
120 2392 2273 1862 2261 2144 1696 1891 1735 1391 125
140 2785 2678 2430 2664 2560 2279 2391 2239 1820 150
22
165 3275 3149 2859 3133 3012 2677 2797 2636 2258 175
190 3762 3619 3260 3600 3461 3051 3186 3004 2594 200
215 4246 4086 3655 4065 3909 3421 3572 3369 2912 225
60x140 3018 2904 2639 2889 2779 2523 2598 2497 2152 63x150
165 3546 3413 3104 3396 3267 2968 3056 2937 2562 175
190 4071 3920 3567 3900 3753 3411 3512 3369 2919 200
215 4588 4423 4028 4401 4237 3834 3966 3777 3275 225
72x190 4314 4156 3788 4135 3982 3625 3730 3588 3186 75x200
215 4783 4655 4267 4638 4480 4088 4204 4048 3572 225
NOTES :

MS 544-Part11-Sec1-2001 GCP

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MS 327 : PART 2 : 1997

MALAYSIAN MS 544 : PART 11 :

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR STRUCTURAL USE

DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA

The main function of the Department is to foster and promote standards,

Malaysian Standards are developed through consensus by committees which

comprise of balanced representation of producers, users, consumers and others

The Department of Standards appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop

For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact:

Department of Standards Malaysia OR SIRIM Berhad

Tel: 60 3 5519 8033 Tel: 60 3 5544 6000

Committee representation.. iii

8 Information to be given in span tables.. 12

A1 Recommended average densities of timber for purpose of calculation. 13

C1 Permissible clear spans for domestic floor joists SG 1......... 16

C2 Permissible clear spans for domestic floor joists SG 2...... 17

C3 Permissible clear spans for domestic floor joists SG 3..... 18

C4 Permissible clear spans for domestic floor joists SG 4.... 19

C5 Permissible clear spans for domestic floor joists SG 5.... 20

C6 Permissible clear spans for domestic floor joists SG 6..... 21

C7 Permissible clear spans for domestic floor joists SG 7..... 22

Figure 1 Bearing length, permissible effective and permissible clear span.. 12

A Recommended average densities of timber for purpose of calculation..... 13

B Sample calculation for a domestic floor joists........ 14

C Specimen span tables for domestic floor joists...... 16

Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Encik Zainuddin bin Kader Public Works Department

Puan Dang Anom binti Md. Zin Housing Department

Prof. Madya Dr. Sabaruddin bin Mohd./ Universiti Sains Malaysia

Prof. Dr. Zainai bin Mohamed/

Dr. Mohd Ariff bin Jamaludin Universiti Putra Malaysia

Ir. Yap Chin Tian Timber Trade Federation Malaysia

Committee representation (Working Group)

Encik Hamdan bin Husain (Secretary) Forest Research Institute Malaysia

Encik Zainuddin bin Kader/

Puan Hanishahani binti.Othman Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia

Ir. Yap Chin Tian Timber Trade Federation Malaysia

Dr. Mohd. Ariff bin Jamaludin Universiti Putra Malaysia

Encik Chu Yue Pun Forest Research Institute Malaysia

Encik David Yeoh Eng Chuan Politeknik Shah Alam

Dr. Badurol Hisham bin Abu Bakar Universiti Sains Malaysia

CIDB is the Standards-Writing Organisation (SWO) appointed by SIRIM Berhad to develop

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR STRUCTURAL USE OF TIMBER :

MS 544 : Part 1 to Part 8 - Code of practice for structural use of timber.

Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, (G.N. 5178/85) (UBBL).

3.1 Bearing length

3.2 Effective span

Span from centre-to-centre of the minimum bearing lengths at each end.

3.3 Grade stress

3.4 Load-sharing system

3.5 Notional bearing length

Bearing length required for the calculation of permissible clear spans.

3.6 Permissible clear span

3.7 Permissible effective span

3.8 Permissible stress

3.9 Strength group

Grouping of solid timber based on particular values of grade stress.

The symbols used are:

a distance (notional bearing length);

F total load per metre length;

Fj self weight of joist per meter length;

I second moment of area;

K modification factor (always with a subscript);