Materi English 1

Simple present
Function:
1. It is used to express daily habit or routine
Example: Ann usually eats lunch at the cafetaria

2. It is used to express general statement of fact for events or

situations that exist always, usually, or habitually in the past,
present, and future.
Example: The sky is blue
Rivers flow toward the sea

Forms of simple present

Statement: I/We/You/They work
She/He/It works
Negative: I/We/You/They do not work
She/He/It does not work
Question: Do I/We/You/They work?
Does She/He/It work?
Contractions of pronouns with be: Im, youre, were, theyre, hes,
shes, its.
Contractions of verbs with not: dont, doesnt, arent, isnt. Am and
not are not contracted.
Time expression: every day, every month, every year
Spelling:Final S vs ES
Final s is added to most verbs
Example: visit-visits, speak- speaks, answer-answers, happen-
happens
Most verbs end in e, final s is simply added.
Example: hope-hopes, write-writes
 Final es is added if the verb ends in ch, -sh, -s,-x, or z
Example: catch-catches, wash-washes, pass-passes, fix-fixes, buzz-
buzzes.
Final es is added to do-does and go-goes.
If a verb ends in a consonant y, change the y to i and add es.
Example: study-studies. try-tries
If a verb ends in a vowel + -y, simply add s
Example: pay-pays, buy-buys

Simple present with Frequency Adverbs (from 100% of the time

to 0% of the time)
100 % always
usually
often
frequently
sometimes/occasionally
rarely
seldom
hardly ever
0% never
Positions
1. After the subject, before the verb
S+adverb+V+O
She always makes sandwiches for me

2. After to be, before adjective.

S+to be +adv+adj
It is always exciting.

3. After auxiliary verb

modals verb
 you must always come here
can
4. Negative after not
I dont always come here
She doesnt always eat breakfast
He isnt ever on time for class.

5. Some adverbs typically occur in the middle of a sentence, not at

the beginning or end of a sentence. These adverbs, such as
always, are called midsentence adverbs. In negative sentence,
most adverbs come before the negative verb except always and
ever.

She usually doesnt eat breakfast.

6. Negative adverbs (seldom, rarely, hardly ever, never) are not used
with negative verb.
Correct: She never eats meat.
Incorrect: She doesnt never eat meat.

7. The adverbs (usually, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally)

may also occur at the beginning or end of a sentence.
Usually the mail comes at noon
The mail usually comes at noon.
The mail comes at noon usually.
8. Adverbial phrases (once/twice/every fortnight/ three times etc) are
at the end of the sentence.
Question for frequency adverb
How often do you/they/we/I have English lecture?
I/we/they/you have English lecture once a week.
We seldom have English lecture
How often does she/ he play tennis?
She/he play tennis three times a week.
She often plays tennis.
Exercise 1. Put the adverb in the right place
1. always Tom studies at home in the evening.
2. often Ann stays home at night.
3. often Ann is at home at night.
4. ever Is the teacher absent?
5. occasionally My son stays overnight with a friend.
6. frequently We have company for dinner.
7. sometimes Do you feel homesick?
8. seldom The temperature drops below freezing in Miami.
9. hardly ever Jerry is in bad mood.
10. never you should allow children to play with
matches.

Exercise 2. Choose the corret word and put in the right place of
the sentence
1. I see them nowdays, the last time we met was ten years ago.
(never/often/always)

2. Youre lucky! We have ice cream. But weve got some today
(hardly ever/sometimes/normally)

3. I dont finish work before eleven oclock, so I see the children

before they go to bed.
(always/never/usually)

4. She comes here nowdays. I dont think she likes me.

(seldom/frequently/ always)

5. We dont go there every week, but we see them quite.

(seldom/often/occasionally)

Exercise 3. Anwer in complete sentence.

What is something that...........
1. you seldom do?
2. you hardly ever do
3. is always expensive?
4. a polite person usually does?
5. a polite person never does?
6. you rarely eat?
7. you frequently do in the class?
8. you usually dont do?
Reading
A Day in the Life of Peter Maxwell.
Peter Maxwell is unemployed. He is 24.

I usually get up at about eight oclock. Then I have breakfast, coffee

or tea, and some toast. After this I go down to the library and read
the papers. There are a lot of us at the library. We never say were
unemployed but we know. I look at all the possible jobs in the paper. I
read the sports and the art pages, soon its time for lunch so I go
down to the shops for bread, milk, fresh vegetables and 25 pence
worth of cheese. On the way back from the shops I buy local paper
and look at the job advertisement.

After lunch on Mondays and Wednesdays, I go to a carpentry class.

These classes are free from unemployed people. Its important to do a
lot of things when youre unemployed. You need a routine for the day.
On the other days of the week I go for walks if the weathers all right.
At about six I start preparing the Big Meal of the day. I take a lot of
time over this. Its usually vegetables and cheese, or sometimes
spaghetti.
After supper my wife and I read, or play chess. Every Friday we go to
pub, or to the cinema. I dont watch TV much. Usually at 10.30 we
turn off the heater and go to bed.

Write questions for these answer:

1. Have you................................? No, I havent. Im unemployed.
2. What time.............................? At eight
3. What ..............................? Coffee or tea, and toast
4. Where...............? To the library.
5. Why....................? Because I want to read the papers.
6. Which parts........? The job advertisement, the sports
and art pages.
7. What...............? I go shopping and I buy local paper.
8. What.............? I go to the carpentry class.
9. When......? On Mondays and Wednesdays
afternoons.
10. When.......? at about six.
11. What........? Talk, play games or read.
12. Do..............? No.not much.
13. When.......? At about 10.30

Present progressive

Present progressive/continuous.
Function
1. It expresses activitiy that is in progress/occuring, happening right
now.
2. Activities happening ina periode of time including the time of
speaking.
Ex: long term changes
London is slowly sinking
Price is rising.
3. Activities happening in a periode of time near the time of speaking
Ex: Tempororary situation
Were having a lovely time in London
Im spending my time visiting museum

Getting up to date
Currently I am working in Unilever

4. Activities happening in the near future

Ex: fixed plans
Youre leaving for Bali tomorrow.
Complete these sentences using words in the bracket. Use simple
present or present continuous/progressive.

1. Shhh. The baby (sleep)................................. . The baby

(sleep).............. for ten hours every night.
2. Right now. Im in the class. I (sit)............................ at my desk. I
usually (sit)........... at the same desk in class every day.
3. Ali (speak)................. Arabic). Arabic is his native language, but
right now he (speak)...................English.
4. It (rain, not)............................................ right now. The sun
(shine)........................, and the sky (be)...........................blue.
5. (Rain, it)....................................a lot in southern California?
6. He (drink)..........................two cups of coffee every morning before
he (go)................to work.
7. There is a cartoon on TV, but the children (watch,not)..............it.
They (play).........with their toys instead.
8. Alice (take, not)................................the bus to school every day.
She usually (walk).......instead.
9. (take, you)....................the bus to get to school every day, or (walk,
you).................?
10. A student (buy).................a lot of books at the beginning of
each term.

Verb Nonprogressive
hear exist
prefer
see own
like
believe have
love
think possess
hate
understand belong
forget
know remember
be want

I hear a bird some verbs are not used in progressive tenses. I

hear bird (right now)
Sometimes think and have are used in progressive tenses.
I think that English is easy. when think means believe, it is
nonprogressive.
I am thinking about you right now. when think expresses thought
that are going through persons mind, it can be progressive.
I have a car. when have expresses possession. It is not used in the
present progressive.
I am having a good time. in certain idiomatic expression, have can
be used in the present progressive.

1. I (see).............some words on the board.

2. This tea is good. I (like)...................it. I (prefer)............tea to
coffee.
3. Sam is at the library. He (sit).................. at a table. He
(write)................a composition. He (use)......................dictionary to
look up the spelling of some words. The dictionary (belong,
not)............................to him. It (belong).................... to his
roommate. Sam(look)......................... up words in the dictionary
because he (want)............... to make sure that he doesnt have any
misspelled words in his paper.
4. According to this magazine article I (read).............right now,
people who (prefer) .......................blue to red (be)........calm and
(value)...............honesty and loyalty their friends. A preference for
the color read (mean)...............that a person (be)............agressive
and (love)........ excitement.
5. (believe, you).................................in flying saucers?

Simple past
Function:
The simple past is used to talk about activities or situations that
began and ended in the past.
Time expression: yesterday, last night, two days ago, in 1990, this
morning.
Most simple past verbs are formed by adding -ed to a verb.
Example: Bob stayed home yesterday morning
Our plane arrived on time.
Regular verbs have different pronunciation.
Example:
rushed/packed/kissed/played/tried/studied/worried/died are
pronunced /t/
called/changed/arrived/finished/stopped/hoped are pronunced /d/
landed/rented/waited/decided/visited/admitted are pronunced /Id/

Some verbs have irregular past forms.

Example: I took a bus to school today
I bought some books last week

Form of simple past

Statement : I/You/She/He/It/We/They ate breakfast.
Negative: I/You/She/He/It/We/They didnt eat breakfast.
Question: Did I/You/She/He/It/We/They eat breakfast?
Yes, I/You/She/He/It/We/They/did
No, I/You/She/He/It/We/They didnt
Did is not used with was and were.
Statement : I/She/He/It was busy
You/They/We were busy
Negative : I/She/He/It was not (wasnt) busy
You/They/We were not (werent) busy
Question: was I/She/He/It right?
were You/They/We right?
Dialog ue
Now detective is investigating Mr. Briggs
Detective: Now, Mr Briggs...............where were you yesterday?
Briggs: Yesterday? What time?
D: At two oclock. Where were you at 2 oclock?
B: I was at home.
D: You werent at home, you were in central London.
B: No. I wasnt. I was at home. Ask my girlfriend! She was with me.
D: Well, were going to speak to her later. Where is she now?
B: Oh......I dont know
D: Ok............now, where were you on January 12th?
B: January 12th
D: Yes. It was a Wednesday.
B: I cant remember.
D: You were in Manchester.
B: Oh no, I wasnt.
D: Oh yes. you were
B: Oh no. I wasnt.............I was in prison in January.
D: Oh
Answer the question based on the dialogue above
1. Where was Mr. Briggs at 2 oclock yesterday?
2. Who was he with?
3. Where was he in January?
4. What day was it?
5. Was he in Manchester?
Complete the sentences using simple past from the verbs given.
steal
hurt
feed
rise
fall
break
feel
catch
freeze
dig
forget
hear
get
leave

1. When Alan slipped on the icy sidewalk yesterday,

he............................down and ................... his back is very painful
today.
2. Alice called the police yesterday because someone..............her
bicycle while she was in the library studying. Shes very angry.
3. Dick ........................his apartment in a hury this morning because
he was late for school. Thats way he ........................to bring his
books to class.
4. The children had a good time at the park yesterday.
They............the duck small pieces of bread.
5. The sun ..................at 6:04 this morning.
6. I dropped my favorite vase. It fell on the floor and................into a
hundred pieces.
7. It was really cold yesterday. The temperature was three below
zero. I nearly...........to death when I walked home.
8. The police....................the bank robbers.
9. Last night I...............a strange noise in the house around 2:00 A.M.,
so I.............up to investigate.
10. My dog..............a hole in the yard and buried his bone.
Reading
Win, 42, tells how she met her husband.
I remember I was about 19. I went to a dance at the village hall. I
went with my best friend, Jane. She was very pretty and all the boy
liked her. They all want to dance with her. I didnt enjoy dances very
much. I always very shy. I sat at a a table in the corner of the dance
hall. No one asked to dance.
After about an hour, Jane came up to me and said, Go and ask one
of the boys to dance! You cant just sit there!. It was awful. I hated
every minute of it. In the end she told one of the boys to go dance
and ask me for a dance. I was so embarrassed. Anyway, the boy came
up and we danced. His name was Mick and he was very nice. He
asked me to go to the cinema with him the next day. That was the
start of it.

I went out with him for a year, and then he asked me to marry him.
My parents were a little bit suprised. They liked him, but they said we
were too young. They told us to wait. We waited nine months and
then, on my 21st birthday, we got married. We now have three
children and we are very happy. I still see Jane quite often. She always
says, You mustnt sit and wait for things to happen. You must go out
and make them happen.

Answer :
1. Where did Win meet her husband?
2. How old was she?
3. who was she with?
4. What was her friend like?
5. Why didnt Win enjoy dances?
6. Why wasnt she happy at first at this dance?
7. What did Jane tell her to do? Did Win do it?
8. Who came up and asked Win to dance?
9. Did he ask to see her again?
10. What happend after a year?
11. Why didnt Wins parents want them to get married?
12. When did they get married?
Writing
Write paragraph about your experience when you met
husband/wife/boyfriend/girlfriend.
Past progressive/Continuous + Simple Past
Function:
It is used to talk about activities or situation that began and ended at
particular time in the past (shorter) that interrupted other event
that also happened in the past (longer).
Example.
I sat down at the dinner table at 6.00 P.M. yesterday. Tom came to my
house at 6.10P.M.
when/while I was eating dinner, Tom came.
I went to bed at 10.00. The phone rang at 11.00.
when I was sleeping, the phone rang.
Form:
When /while + S +was/were + verb-ing +S+ verb2.
Exercise. Use words in the bracket. Use simple past or past
continuous

1. Bob left his house at 8.00 A.M. and (begin) .............to walk to
class. When he (walk)..........to class, he
(see)...................Mrs.Smith.
2. Someone (knock).............on the door when Sally
(eat)...............dinner last night.
3. My mother called me around five. My husband came home a little
after that. He (came)...........home, when I (talk)...................to my
mother on the phone.
4. A. There was a power outage in our part of town last night. (your
lights, go out)..................too?
B. Yes, they did. It (be).............terrible! I (take)...............a shower
when the lights went out. My wife (find)..............a flashlight and
 rescued me from the bathroom! We couldnt cook dinner, so we
(eat)...........sandwiches instead. I (try)............. to study by
candlelight, but I couldnt see well enough, so I (go)...........to bed
and (sleep).............. . How about you?
A. I (read)...........when the lights (go out)............... . I
(study)..............for history exam. Of course, I couldnt study in the
dark, so I (get up).........very early this morning and finished my
studying for my test.
Present perfect
Form
S + have/has+already+past participle/V3
S+have/has+just+v3
S+ have/has +not (havent/hasnt)+V3+yet
Have/has +S+ V3+yet?
Function:
1. It expresses checking and recent action occured ( or didnt occur)
before now, at some unspecified time in the past.
a. Have you made a schedule yet?
Yes. Ive already made schedule
No. I havent made a schedule yet
b. Have you taken a message yet?
Yes. Ive already taken a message
c. Have you been through security yet?
d. Have you checked in yet?
e. Have you bought your ticket yet?
f. He has just posted the letter
g. Hes just missed the bus
h. I ve just woken up.

2. It expresses activities that were repeated several times/many

times in the past.
a. Ive been to that theater five times
b. Ive had three tests so far this week.

3. It expresses situations that began in the past and continue to the

present with since or for.
a. I have known Ben for ten years.
b. Weve been in class since ten oclock this morning.
Since is followed by the mention of a specific point in time: an hour, a
day, a month, a year,etc.
I have been here since 8 oclock
Tuesday
May
1999
the beginning of the semester
yesterday

For is follwed by the mention of a length of time: two minutes, three

hours, four days, five weeks, etc.
I have been here for ten minutes
for two hours
for five days
for many years
for a long time
Exercise. Use the word in the bracket. Use present perfect and discuss
what the function is.
1. I dont like this weather. It (be).................cold and cloudy for the
last three days.
2. Kate is falling behind in her schoolwork. She (be) .........................
absent from class a lot lately.
3. Greg is working on his composition, but he (finish, not)............it
yet. Hell probably finish it in a couple of hours.
4. The children are late. They (come, not).................... home from
school yet. I hope nothings wrong.
5. Ron (never,be)............................... in Hongkong, but he would like
to go there someday.

Present perfect progressive

Function:
It is used to express the duration of an activity that is in progress(is
happening) now, how long something has continued to the present.
Time expression since and for are used with the present perfect
progressive.
Form:
S + has/have + been + V-ing
I have been studying English since May.
How long have you been studying English?
Present continuous vs present perfect continuous.
I am sitting in class right now. it expresses activity that is in
progress
I have been sitting in class for 45 minutes. it expresses the duration
of an activity that is in progress.
1. Kate is standing at the corner. She(wait)...............for the bus. She
(wait)........ for the bus for twenty minutes.
2. Right now were in class. We (do).............an exercise. We
(do)........this exercise for a couple of minutes.
3. I (sit)...........in class right now. I (sit)...............since ten minutes
after one.
4. A. You look busy right now. What (you, do)..................?
B. I (work) .......................on my physics experiment. Its a long and
difficult experiment.
A. How long (you, work)................. on it?
B. I started planning it last January. I (work)........... on it since then.

Simple past vs present perfect

Simple past
a. I finished my work two hours ago.
I finished my work at a specific time in the past (two hours
ago)
Present perfect
 b. I have already finished my work.
I finished my work at an unspecified time in the past
(sometime before now)
Analysis this statement
1. A woman says, Ive been in Indonesia for six years. Is she inside
Indonesia when she says this or is she outside Indonesia when she
speaks?
2. A man says, I was inCanada for three years, Where is he when
he says this?
3. Somebody says, Ive worked with Lulu for ten years, and I worked
with Tony for twelve years. Which person does the speaker still
work with? Lulu or Tony?
4. Somebody says, I studied English for seven years.Is he or she
still studying English?

Present perfect vs present perfect progressive

Present perfect
Function: It is used to express repeated action in the past.
Rita has talked to John on the phone many times.
Present perfect progressive.
Rita has been talking to john on the phone for twenty minutes
Function: It is used to express the duration of an activity that is in
progress.Their conversation began 20 minutes ago and has
continued since that time. It has been in progress for 20
minutes. It is still in progress.
Complete the sentences using present perfect or present perfect
progressive or both
1. Th e post office isnt far from here. I (walk) ..................there many
times.
2. Im tired. We (walk)...........for more than an hour. Lets stop and
rest for a while.
3. Mrs. Jackson(teach)...............kindergarten for twenty years. Shes
one of the best teachers at the elementary school.
4. My eyes are getting tired. I (read)...................for two hours. I think
Ill take a break.
 5. I (write).............my folks at least a dozen letters since I left home
an came here.

Past perfect
Compare present perfect and past perfect
I am not hungry now. I have already eaten. The present perfect
expresses an activity that occured before now at an unspecified time in
the past.
I was not hungry at 1.00 P.M. I had already eaten. The past perfect
expresses an activity that occured before another time in the past. I ate
at noon. I was not hungry at 1.00 P.M because I had already eaten
before 1.00 P.M.
I went to a party last night. Bob went to the party too. Bob went home
at 10.15. so, when I arrived at 10.30, zbob wasnt there. He had gone
home.
When she arrived at the party, Bob had already gone home.
We use past perfect to say something had already happened
before this time
Exercise 1. Put the verb into correct form, present perfect or
past perfect.
1. Its ten oclock. I (finish, already) ............... my homework, so Im
going to go to bed.
2. Last night I went to bed at ten oclock. I (finish, already)................
my homework.
3. I was late. The party (start, already)............... by the time I got
there.
4. Were late. The party ( start, already)...............
5. Carol missed her plane yesterday because of a traffic jam on her
way to the airport. By the time she got to the airport, her plane
(leave, already)............
Exercise 2. Complete the sentences using the verbs in the
brackets. You went back to your hometown after many years
and you found that many things were different.
1. Most of my friends were no longer there. They ...........(leave)
2. The local cinema was no longer open. It ........... (close) down.
 3. Mr. X was no longer alive. He .............. (die)
4. I didnt recognise Mrs. X. She ............... (change) a lot.
5. Sally no longer had her car. She .......... (sell) it.

Past progressive and past perfect

I was eating when Bob came. The past continuous perfect expresses
an activity that was in progress at a particular time in the past. I began
to eat at noon. Bob came at 12.10. My meal was in progress when Bob
came.
I had eaten when Bob came. The past perfect expresses an activity
that was completed before a particular time in the past. I ate at noon.
Bob came at 1.00. P.M. My meal was completed before Bob came.
Exercise. Use past progressive or past perfect to complete the
sentences.
1. Last night I started to study at 7.30. Dick came at 7.35. I
(study)......... when Dick came.
2. Last night I started to study at 7.30. I finished studying at 9.00.
Dick came at 9.30. By the time Dick came, I (finish)............... my
homework.
3. When I walked into the kitchen after dinner last night. My wife
(wash).......... the dishes, so I picked up a dish towel to help her.
4. By the time I walked into the kitchen after dinner, my husband
(wash, already).......... the dishes and (put) ............... them away.
Future time
She is going to succeed because she works hard
She will succeed because she works hard.
Function:
Be going to and will are the same when they are used to
make predictions about the future.
Time expression:
Later, tomorrow, next week, soon, the day after tomorrow, in few days
(from now), in a couple of hours.
Time expression such as today, tonight, this morning, this afternoon,
this evening, this week, this month, this year, this semester can be used
with past, present or future.
Form:
Statement: I, we,you, she, he,it, they + will + V1
Negative: I, we,you, she, he,it, they + will not/wont + V1
Question: will +I, we,you, she, he,it, they + V1?
I shall leave at nine tomorrow morning
We shall leave at nine tomorrow morning
The use shall (with I or we) to express future time is infrequent and
formal
Exercise: complete the sentences with pronoun + be going to.
1. Jason wasnt in class today, and ...........................in class tomorrow
night.
2. It isnt raining today. And according to the weather
report, .......................... tomorrow either.
3. I walked to school this morning, and.......................................to
school too.
4. You didnt hitchhike to school today, and.................................to
school tomorrow either.
5. I didnt get married last year, and ..............................married this
year either.

Be going to vs will
Helens bicycle has a flat tire. She tells her father.
Helen: My bycicle has flat tire. Can you repair it for me?
Father: Okay, but I cant do it now. Ill repair tomorrow.
Will is used when we decide to something at the time of
speaking.
The speaker has not decided before. Before Helen told her
father, he didnt know about the flat tire.
Later, Helens mother speaks to her husband.
Mother: Can you repair Helens bicycle? It has a flat tyre.
Father: Yes, I know. She told me. Im going to repair it tomorrow.
Going to is used when we have already decided to do
something. Helens father had already decided to repair the
bicycle before his wife spoke to him.

I bought some wood because I am going to build a bookcase for my

apartment.
Be going to is used to express plan. The speaker is planning
to build a bookcase
This chair is too heavy for you to carry alone. Ill help you.
Be going to is used to volunteer or express willingness. The
speaker is happy to help.
Exercise. You have to put the verb into the correct form using will or
going to.
1. A: I cant work out how to use this camera.
B: Its quite easy. I ........................ show you.

2. A: Why are you looking for a screwdriver?

B: one of the kitchen chairs has a loose screw. I ............... fix it.

3. A: Did you post that letter for me?

B: oh, Im sorry. I .................... completely forgot. I ...................do it
now.

4. A: Can you meet me for a beer after work?

B: Id like to, but I cant. I ........... stay at the office until seven
tonight.

5. A: I have a note for joe from Rachel. I dont know what to do with it.
B: let me have it. I........................... give it to him. Hes in my
algebra class.

6. A: Could someone get me a glass of water?

B: Certainly. I ......... get you one. Would you like some ice in it?
 7. A: I .................. wear dark suit to the wedding reception. How about
you?
B: Im not sure.

8. A: What are your vacation plans?

B: I ....................... spend two weeks on a Greek island.

9. A: Gee, Id really like an ice cream cone, but I didnt bring any
money with me.
B: Thats okay. I..................get one for you.

10. A: If you can wait just a few minutes, I........................ walk to

the meeting with you.
B: Okay, I..................meet you by the elevator.

Exercise: Fill in the blank with present continuous or going to.

Jake: I................. (have) a party this evening. Do you want to come?
Beth: Id love to but I................... (go) on holiday tomorrow so
I ................... (pack) this evening.
Jake: Where are you off to?
Beth: Tomorrow just to London but on Tuesday I ...................(go) to
Singapore.
J : Fantastic! Have you got any plans?
B: oh yes! I ...........................(visit) the zoo and the Orchid Gardens and
next Saturday I ............................. (meet) an old friends at Raffles.
J: Thats sounds great! Have you already booked your flight back?
B: Yes, .......................... (come) back on July 31st.
J: Have a good time.

Future time in time clause

a. Before I go to class tomorrow, Im going to eat breakfat.
b. Im going to eat dinner at 6:00 tonight. After I eat dinner, I am
going to study in my room.
c. Ill give mary your message when I see her tomorrow.
 d. Its raining right now. As soon as the rain stops, I am going to
walk downtown.

The simple present is used in a future time clause. Be going

to and will are not used.
Before
After + S +V1+ time clause
When
As soon as

In a. The speaker is talking two events: going to class and eating

breakfast.
Both events are in the future. However, the speaker uses the
simple present to talk about going to class because the verb
occurs in a time clause.

Exercise: combine the two sentences using time clause.

1. (after) First: Im going to write letter

Then: Im going to bed.

2. (when) First: Ill call John tomorrow

Then: Ill ask him to my party

3. (as soon as) First: The teacher will get here

Then: Class will begin

4. (before) First: Ann will finish her homework

Then: she will watch TV tonight

5. (as soon as) First: I will get home tonight

Then: Im going to take a hot bath.
Review
Complete the sentences with the right form using the verb in the
bracket.
1. When I (walk).......................into the living room yesterday
evening, Grandpa (read) ................ a newspaper and
(smoke).................... his pipe.
2. Helen will graduate next semester. She (move)............... to New
York and (look)........ for a job after she (graduate)......................
3. Everyday my neighbor (call).............. me on the phone and
(complain)................. about the weather.
4. Look at Erin! She (cry)............. and (laugh)............... at the same
time. I wonder if she is happy or sad.
5. Im beat! I cant wait to get home. After I (get)...............home, I
(take)................. a hot shower and (go) ................to bed.
6. Its October now. The weather (begin)..................to get colder. I
(like, not)......... winter, but I (think)................ autumn is beautiful.
In a couple of weeks , my friend and I (take)........................ a
weekend trip to the country if the weather (be)............ nice. We
(drive).............. through the river valley and (enjoy)........... the
colors of fall.
7. A: Johny, (you, listen).............. to me?
B: Of course I am, mom. You (want)................me to take out the
garbage. Right?
A: Right! And right now.

8. Today Paul has on slacks and a sports jacket, but yesterday he

( wear) ............ jeans and a sweatshirt to class.
9. She always (eat)............bread and cheese and coffee for breakfast.
10. A : (you, know)..................... any tongue-twisters?
B: Yes. ................ Heres one: She sells sea shells down by the sea
shore.
A: That (be)........... hard to say! Can you say this: Sharon wears
Sues shoes to zoos to look at cheap sheep.
B: That (make, not).............. any sense.

11. Jack (lose) ............. his pocketknife at the park yesterday.

This morning he (go) ................ back to the park to look for it.
Finally he (find) ............. it in the grass. He (be)............ glad to
have it back.
12. A: (Toms plane, arrive)................ on time yesterday?
B: yes, ....................... . It (get in) ................ at 6.05 on the dot.
13. My friends (come, not)............. over last night, and .............
over tonight either.
14. A: Have you ever talked to Professor Alston about your
grades?
B: Yes, I ................ . I (talk) ................ to him about my grades a
couple of times. In fact, I (talk).................. to him after class
yesterday about the F I got on the last test.
15. My name is Surasuk. Im from Thailand. Rigth now I
(study).....................English at this school. I(be)...................... at
this school the beginning of January. I (arrive)...................... here
January 2, and my classes (begin)............. January 6. Since I
(come) ....................... here, I (do).................... many things, and I
(meet) ......................... many people. I (go)................. to several
parties. Last Saturday I (go) .......................... to a party at my
freinds house. I (meet)......... some of the other students from
Thailand at the party. Of course, we (speak)............. Thai, so I
(practice, not)................ my English that night. There
(be)................ only people from Thailand at the party. However,
since I (come)............. here, I (meet) ............... students from Latin
America, Africa, the middle East, and Asia. I enjoy meeting people
from other countries.
16. A: How long (you, have to)............. wear glasses
B: Since I (be) ................. ten years old.
A: (you, be) .................... nearsighted or farsighted?
B: Nearsighted.

17. A: Shh. Irene (talk) .......................... on the phone long

distance.
B: who (she, talk) ......................... to?
A: her brother. They (talk) ..................... for almost an hour. I think
her brother is in some kind of trouble.
B: Thats too bad.

18. When I left for school this morning, it (rain)............... so I used

my umbrella.
19. By the time class over this morning, the rain (stop) ...............
so I didnt need my umbrella anymore.
20. A: (you, enjoy)................. the concert last night?
B: very much. I (go, not) ................. to a concert in a long time.