CHAPTER

1 NETWORK ANALYSIS

1.1 MESH ANALYSIS

Mesh analysis also known as loop analysis. Mesh analysis applies Kirchhoffs
Voltage Law (KVL) to find unknown currents.
Step to determine mesh current:
1. Label each loop/mesh currents
2. Apply KVL to loops/meshes to form equations with current variables
3. Solve the equations to determine the user defined loop currents

Example 1

R2
R1 6 ohm
5 ohm

I3
+ R3
Vs1 R4
15V 10 ohm
4 ohm
- I1 I2
+
Vs2
10V
-

Find I1 , I2 and I3 using mesh analysis

SOLUTION:

LOOP1:

-15 +15I1 10I2 + 10 = 0

15I1 10I2 = 5 --------- (1)

LOOP 2:

-10I1 + 20 I2 10= 0
-10I1 + 20 I2 = 10 --------- (2)

15 10 I1 5
[ ][ ] = [ ]
10 20 I2 10

= (15)(20) (-10)(-10)

= 200

5 10
I1 =[ ] = (5)(20) (10)(-10) = 200
10 20
I1 200
I1 =
= 200
= 1A

15 5
I2 = [ ]= (15)(10) (-10)(5) = 200
10 10
I2 200
I2 = = = 1A
200

I3 = I1 - I2 = 1A -1A = 0A

NOTES:

I3

I3 = I1 - I2

I3

I3 = I1+ I2
Example 2

1 ohm

2 ohm 3 ohm 5 ohm

+ 2A

2V
-

Determine voltage across R=5 using mesh analysis

SOLUTION

LOOP1:

5 I1 - 3I2 -2= 0

5 I1 - 3I2 = 2 --------- (1)

LOOP 2:

-3 I1 + 9I2 -5I3 = 0 --------- (2)

LOOP 3

I3 = -2A --------- (3)

Substitute equation (3) into equation (2)

-3 I1 + 9I2 -5(-2) = 0
I1
-3 I1 + 9I2 +10 = 0

-3 I1 + 9I2 = -10 --------- (2A)

5 3 I1 2
[ ][ ] = [ ]
3 9 I2 10

= (9)(5)- (-3)(-3)

= 36

5 2
I2 = [ ] = (5)(-10) (-3)(2) = -44
3 10
I2 44
I2 =
= 36
= -1.22A

Voltage across R=5 ; VR5 = 5(I2 - I3 ) = 5( -1.44- (-2)) = 5(0.78)= 0.39V

Example 3

1 ohm 2 ohm
3 ohm
+
7V
-
+
6V
-
2 ohm 1 ohm

Determine I1 , I2 and I3 using mesh analysis

SOLUTION:

LOOP 1:

3I1 -1I2 -2 I3 -7 + 6 =0

3I1 -1I2 -2 I3 = 1 --------- (1)

LOOP 2:

-I1 + 6I2 - 3 I3 = 0 --------- (2)

LOOP 3:

-2I1 - 3I2 + 6 I3 - 6 = 0

-2I1 - 3I2 + 6 I3 = 6 --------- (3

3 1 2 I1 1
1 6 3 [I2] = [0]
2 3 6 I3 6

= 3 ((6 x6) (-3 x -3)) (-1)((-1 x 6) (-3 x -2)) + (-2)((-1 x -3) (-2 x 6))

= 3(27) 12 2(15)

= 39

1 1 2
I1 = 0 6 3 = 1((6 x6)- (-3 x-3)) (-1)((0 x 6) (6 x -3)) + (-2)((0x -3)
6 3 6
(6x6))

= 117
I1 117
I1 =
= 39
= 3A
 3 1 2
I2 = 1 0 3 =3((0 x 6) (6 x -3)) (1)((-1 x 6) (-2 x -3)) + (-2)((-1 x 6) (0x
2 6 6
-2))

= 78
I2 78
I2 =
= 39
= 2A

3 1 1
I3 = 1 6 0 = 3((6x6) - (0 x -3)) (-1)((-1 x 6) (2 x 0)) + (1)((-1 x -3) (6
2 3 6
x-2))

= 117
I3 117
I3 =
= 39
= 3A

Example 4

2 + j3 4 + j5

-j 6
+ 8 ohm

20 < 0 V -

Determine I1 and I2

SOLUTION

LOOP 1:

( 8 + 2 +j3)I1 + 8I2 20<0 =0

( 10+j3)I1 + 8I2 = 20<0 --------- (1)

LOOP 2:

8I1 + (8+4+j5 j6)I2 =0

8I1 + (12 j)I2 =0 --------- (2)

10 + j3 8 I1 20
[ ][ ] = [ ]
8 12 I2 0

= (10+j3) (12 j) (8 x8) = 59 + j26 = 64.47 <23.780

 20 8
I1 = [ ] = (20 )(12 j) (8)(0) = 240 j20 = 240.83 <-4.76
0 12
I1 240j20
I1 =
= 59+j26
= (3.27 j1.78)A

10 + j3 20
I2 = [ ] = (10 + j3)(0) (20)(8) = -160
8 0
I2 160
I2 =
= 59+j26
= (-2.269 + j)A

Example 5

4 - j10

I
+
j3 5 ohm
10A 50 <90 V
j
-

Determine I

SOLUTION

Convert to voltage source:

V= IZ = 10A(j3)= j30 V = 30<900 V

4 - j10

I
j3 +
+ j
5 ohm
50 <90 V
-
30 <90 V
-

LOOP 1:

( 5+j3) I1 + 5I2 + 30<90 = 0

( 5+j3) I1 + 5I2 = -30<90 --------- (1)

LOOP 2:

5 I1 + (9- j10I2 ) + 50<90 = 0

5 I1 + (9- j10I2 ) = - 50<90 --------- (2)

5 + j3 5 I1 30 < 90
[ ][ ] = [ ]
5 9 10 I2 50 < 90

= (5+j3) (9 10j) (5 x5) = 50 - j23 = 55.04 <-24.70

30 < 90 5
I1 = [ ] = (-30<90 )(9 j10) (8)(-50<90) = -300 j20
50 < 90 9 10
I1 300 j20
I1 = = = (-4.8 j2.61)A
50j23

5 + j3 30 < 90
I2 = [ ] = (5 + j3)(-50<90) (5)(-30<90) = 150-j100
5 50 < 90
I2 150j100
I2 =
= 50j23
= (3.23 -0.512 j)A

4 - j10

5 ohm

I = - (I1 + I2 ) = - (-4.8 j2.61 + 3.23 -j0.512 ) = 1.57 + j3.12 A