Lord Rama King Jewel always emerges victorious Lord

Rama Lord of Sita Devi contemplates with Devotion (bhaj rever, adore ,
love
by Rama Killed rakshsa, demon Army To Rama I Salute
(Bowing Reverentially)
Lord Rama There is not Last Regfuge Supreme (Supreme
Reguge) of Rama - servant I
Mind absobered in always Being present My Oh ! Me
Act of Raisng (elevation)

Meaning:
1: I contemplate on Sri Rama, Who is the Jewel among the Kings, Who Always
Emerges Victorious, and Who is the Lord of Sita Devi.
2: I Salute Sri Rama who Destroyed the mighty Armies of the Demons.
3: There is no greater Refuge than Sri Rama. I am a humble Servant of Sri Rama.
4: Let my mind ever Meditate on Rama. O Sri Rama. Kindly grant me Salvation.

https://slabhyankar.wordpress.com/category/learning-sanskrit-by-fresh-
approach/lessons-01-to-10/

Learning Sanskrit by a Fresh Approach Lesson 7

May 28, 20104 Comments

Learning Sanskrit by a Fresh Approach Lesson 7

This time, I would like to take a longish verse.

Before proceeding with exploring the meaning of this verse, some interesting features of this
verse
1. Of course this verse is an ode to Lord RAma. This verse is from a long enough
known as

2. Looking at the poetry of it,

Every line has 19 syllables exactly 19

Weightages of the 19 syllables in every line are 2-2-2, 1-1-2, 1-2-1, 1-1-2, 2-2-1, 2-2-1, 2

This pattern of weightages makes the verse of a meter called as

This meter is very popular with poets, especially those composing verses to express best
wishes to a couple, when the marriage ceremony is being performed, typically when they
would have put garlands on each other.

3. In this verse there are two distinct sentences in each line. So, to explore the meaning of this
verse, we have to understand just 8 simple sentences. Thats it.

Let us start off by the set methodology of exploring phrase by phrase, word by word.

= :

: = (Lord) RAma
=
= of kings
= jewel
= jewel among kings

= always

= is victorious

= RAma, the jewel among kings is always victorious

= = to RAma

= : > >
: = (-- )
= of RamA is the name of wife of ViShNu
= Lord
= Lord of RamA, hence ViShNu

= I am devoted to, or I do devotion to.

= I do devotion to RAma, (hence) to Ramesha (i.e. to ViShNu)

One may ask, how doing devotion to RAma becomes devotion also to ViShNu.
The logic lies in the mythology of incarnations of ViShNu. Among ten incarnations
() of ViShNu, RAma is regarded as the seventh. So, mythologically, ViShNu
is the supreme deity, which undertook ten incarnations in the order , , ,
, , , , , ,

When I deliberate on this mythology of to me it appeals to be the theory

of evolution of life. When the globe was cooling down, and migratory life form
had to emerge, it could have emerged only in the more congenial environment of
water and not on the terrains. So first incarnation is , the fish. Next is , the
turtle, which could move both in water and on ground; yet more in water than on
ground. Third the rhino, who loves watery surroundings, but moves on ground
of shallow waters. Fourth is , half lion (), half human (). Fifth , human,
rather dimunitive. Sixth , human, but rather savage, uncultured. Seventh ,
the ideal human. Eighth , adept at the ways of the world. Ninth , the
exalted, self-realised soul. Tenth where good and evil coexist.

Associated with this mythology of is also the concept of passage of time,

the four Yugas . Incarnation of RAma is said to belong to - Not
much detail seems to have been mentioned about The incarnation of is
said to belong to . Present times are of , where good and evil coexist,
rather times, when good is always challenged by the evil.

Learning Sanskrit is not just for learning a language. It is also a learning of what can be or
what should be the cultured way of life. The language is a refined language and its literature
speaks of refined life, of cultured life. Knowledge of Sanskrit is hence essential, certainly
in . It will be the real beacon to meet the challenges of the evil without compromising
the refined thoughts and conduct.

is also an interesting word. From we have the noun , which has two meanings
(1) a song of devotion (2) to sing a song of devotion.

By this connotation, means not just I do devotion, but I do devotion by singing a song
of devotion.

This word is a declension of the root verb meaning to do devotion. From

this verb there is another noun, which means devotion. One can do
devotion in any of nine ways. Doing devotion by singing a song of
devotion i.e. by is one of nine ways There is a verse summing up
all the nine ways of Maybe, we can discuss that verse sometime later.

Presently on to the next phrase.

= +

= by RAma

= consummately killed, destroyed

A little study on both these words

= by RAma

It may be noticed that in the first sentence : was the subject. So the root word
was in subjective or nominative case, which is called as first case .

In the second sentence, the word was = to RAma in object case or

accusative case, which is called the second case,

Here we have it as = by RAma in instrumental case, which is called as the

third case,

I guess, you got a good hint of why this verse is chosen for this lesson! Two sentences in each
line, each sentence presenting cases first, second, third etc. of the root word , all in perfect
order and every line perfectly in meter !

= consummately killed, destroyed. The meaning consummately comes

from the prefix . There is a large number of prefixes, which can be prefixed to
different words to get a range of shades of meaning of that word. The prefixes
or not only help to get a range of shades of meaning, but do it so
crisply, just by a prefix. We have that in most languages also, e.g. eject, reject,
inject, project, adject(ive), abject

= :

: = + + :

= Here we have a suffix attached to the word .

The suffix is derived from the verb meaning to move, to move about, to roam. The
suffix such as lends the meaning of capability to do the action of the meaning of the verb.
So suffix means capable of roaming.

= night

= capable of roaming in the night, ghost, nocturnal being.

All : of army of had such capability. They were :.

: = army
: = : A compound of type. Army of nocturnal beings,
capable of roaming in the night.

: = Army of nocturnal beings was consummately destroyed by RAma.

This sentence is in passive voice. The passive voice is rendered by which is

a past passive participle from the verb +

This is another speciality of Sanskrit, that participles derived from verbs can do
the function of verbs, such that a formal verb need not be visible.


= unto RAma. This is declension of in the dative case, the fourth case

= unto that This is declension of a pronoun the indicative pronoun meaning

that, again in the fourth case. Because this pronoun qualifies the noun , both
the noun and the qualifying pronoun (or adjective) have to be in the same case,
here the fourth case.

= bowing.

= bowing (I bow) unto that RAma. Here, that hints also to that RAma who
destroyed army of nocturnal beings.

= from RAma, than RAma. This is declension of in the ablative case, the
fifth case

= not. An indeclinable used to render negative.

= is

= = A compound of type . In the compounded

word of becomes . Hence from . There are rules for all
such minute variations. We shall not go into all that at this stage. It is
mentioned here just for information. Our focus shall be in understanding
the meaning, than understanding all the grammar.

= the other

= the action of going, destination, recourse

= Adjective of comparative degree from the root adjective . is the

suffix which renders the comparative degree of an adjective. The superlative
degree is rendered by suffix = There is no better recourse
than RAma.

= of RAma is declension of in the sixth i.e. genetive case :

= servent

= (I) am

= I

= I am servent of RAma
 :

= at RAma. is declension of in the seventh i.e. locative case :

: = : A compound of type

= of mind

: = resting

= always

= may be, may stay

= for me or of me

: = Resting of my mind may always be at RAma or For me,

resting of mind may always be at RAma.

= an interjection to back a call Oh or Eh

= address to RAma to mean Eh RAma as is declension of in address case

-:

= to me

= (please) uplift

= = Oh RAma, please uplift me !

I do devotion to RAma, (hence) to

RAma, the jewel among kings is
Ramesha (i.e. to ViShNu)
always victorious
by singing a song of devotion

Army of nocturnal beings was

I bow unto that RAma
destroyed by RAma

There is no better recourse than

I am servent of RAma
RAma

Resting of my mind may always be at

Oh RAma, please uplift me !
RAma
Isnt that a good prayer ? It brings out all the ardent feelings a devotee would have towards
ones object or idol or deity of devotion.

The prayer does so by employing declensions of the word in all eight cases first to
seventh and also the address case !

Actually a noun such as will have declensions not only by cases but also by
number. In Sanskrit, numbers are three singular, dual, plural called as

Since is a masculine noun having vowel ending, it would be good to have a look at the
declensions of - such as meaning boy

: :

You will notice that all the declensions of conform to the patterns of declension of
. We have five other words all vowel ending, masculine nouns -
in this lesson itself.

Can you find them and list them here ? ______ , ________ , ________ , _______ ,
_______Pattern of declensions of - neuter nouns are quite similar to those of
- masculine nouns, except in first, second and address cases.

Let us see declensions of - neuter

noun meaning a child
:

We also have some - neuter

nouns here in this lesson. Let me give out one
meaning mention, talk, oath.

Can you find three more and list them here ? ________ , _________ , _________

Corollary to the masculine and neuter there would be the feminine

noun , meaning a girl. This is of course having vowel ending So, it is
. Let us see declensions of this also !

:
We also have some feminine nouns in this lesson.

Can you find three more and list them here ? ________ , _________ ,
_________

We can have an interesting exercise of composing some simple sentences :-

1. We already have a simple sentence. I am a servant. Can you write that again ? _____
______ ______ |

2. In the same manner you can write I am a boy. ______ ______ ______ | I am a
girl. ______ ________ _______ |

3. Let us use a simple verb (singular) (dual) (plural) and compose

sentences

1 A boy speaks ______ ______ |

2 Two boys speak ______ ______ |

3 Boys speak ______ ______ |

4 A child speaks ______ ______ |

5 Two children speak ______ ______ |

6 Children speak ______ ______ |

7 A girl speaks ______ ______ |

8 Two girls speak ______ ______ |

9 Girls speak ______ ______ |

Doesnt it feel great to be able to compose sentences in Sanskrit ?

Before closing,

(a) - masculine nouns in the lesson were , , , , , , ,

, , , , (adjective), , , ,
(adjective) , , and

nouns in the lesson were , (adjective), ,

(b) - neuter
, (adjective), ,

(c) feminine nouns in this lesson were , (adjective), ,

Declensions of all the above nouns and adjectives shall follow the given patterns.
Note, adjectives and pronouns will always have gender, case and number
matching with gender, case and number of the noun, which they qualify. Hence
they will have declensions accordingly. This rule is also given by a verse !

An example of this rule is in both the pronoun and noun are in masculine, fourth
case, singular

-o-O-o-

Cardinals: 100 and beyond...

No comments included on the Table. The numbers are in their crude form
(prtipadika). No declensions being applied to them.

100 ata

200 or dviata or dveate

300 triata

400 catuata

500 pacaata

600 aata

700 saptaata

800 aaata

900 navaata

sahasra or
1,000 or
daaata

2,000 dvisahasra

3,000 trisahasra

4,000 catusahasra

5,000 pacasahasra

6,000 asahasra

7,000 saptasahasra

8,000 aasahasra
 9,000 navasahasra

10,000 ayuta

100,000 laka or lak

1,000,000 prayuta

10,000,000 koi

100,000,000 rbuda

1,000,000,000 abja

10,000,000,000 kharva

100,000,000,000 nikharva

1,000,000,000,000 mahpadma

10,000,000,000,000 aku

100,000,000,000,000 jaladhi

1,000,000,000,000,00
antya
0

10,000,000,000,000,0
madhya
00

100,000,000,000,000,
parrdha
000

Cardinals: 100 and beyond...

No comments included on the Table. The numbers are in their crude form
(prtipadika). No declensions being applied to them.

100 ata

200 or dviata or dveate

300 triata

400 catuata

500 pacaata

600 aata

700 saptaata

800 aaata
 900 navaata

sahasra or
1,000 or
daaata

2,000 dvisahasra

3,000 trisahasra

4,000 catusahasra

5,000 pacasahasra

6,000 asahasra

7,000 saptasahasra

8,000 aasahasra

9,000 navasahasra

10,000 ayuta

100,000 laka or lak

1,000,000 prayuta

10,000,000 koi

100,000,000 rbuda

1,000,000,000 abja

10,000,000,000 kharva

100,000,000,000 nikharva

1,000,000,000,000 mahpadma

10,000,000,000,000 aku

100,000,000,000,000 jaladhi

1,000,000,000,000,00
antya
0

10,000,000,000,000,0
madhya
00

100,000,000,000,000,
parrdha
000
Numbers in Sanskrit
There are five columns. First column: Sanskrit numbers. Second column: Usual
numbers (ours). Third column: Names of the Cardinals. Fourth column:
Transliteration of the previous names. Fifth column: Comments.

0 nya --

1 eka --

2 dvi --

3 tr --

Final "r" is sometimes changed into "s", "" or "" according to

4 catur
definite Sandhi or Combination rules

paca "Paca" is the special form to be used in compounds (in short, "n"
5
n is dropped)

6 a "a()" is the special form to be used in compounds

sapta
7 "Sapta" is the special form to be used in compounds
n

8 aan "Aa" is the special form to be used in compounds

nava
9 "Nava" is the special form to be used in compounds
n

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Cardinals: 10-29
Let us keep learning Sanskrit Numbers. Observe attentively the position of the
written accent.

"Daa" is the special form to be used

1 in compounds. The same rule of
daan
0 dropping "n" is applied to the rest of
numbers ending in "daan"

1 "eka" (one) is transformed into "ek"

ekdaan
1 when added to "daan" (ten).

1 "dvi" (two) is transformed into "dv"

dvdaan
2 when added to "daan" (ten)

1 "tr" (three) is firstly transformed

trayodaan
3 into "traya", and then into "trayo"
 1
caturdaan --
4

1 "Paca" and not "pacan" is to be

pacadaan
5 used in compounds

1 "a" becomes "o" and "d" in

oaan
6 "daan" is turned into ""

"Sapta" and not "saptan" is the

1
saptadaan special form to be used in
7
compounds

"Aa", the special form of "aan"

1
adaan (eight), which is used in compounds,
8
is changed into "a"

The words "ekona = eka + na";

navadaan or
or "na" and "eknna = ekn + na"
1 ekonaviati or
or or mean "minus one". "Viati" means
9 naviati or
"twenty". So, the idea is "twenty
eknnaviati
minus one=19".

2
viati --
0

2 "Eka" is not transformed into "ek"

ekaviati
1 as previously in "ekdaan" (eleven)

2 "Dvi" (two) is transformed into "dv"

dvviati
2 when added to "viati" (twenty)

2 "Tri" (three) is firstly transformed

trayoviati
3 into "traya", and then into "trayo"

2
caturviati --
4

2 "Paca" and not "pacan" is to be

pacaviati
5 used in compounds

"a()" and not "a" is the special

2
aviati form to be used generally in
6
compounds

"Sapta" and not "saptan" is the

2
saptaviati special form to be used in
7
compounds

2 aviati "Aa", the special form of "aan"

8 (eight), which is used in compounds,
 is changed into "a"

The words "ekona = eka + na";

navaviati or
or "na" and "eknna = ekn + na"
2 ekonatriat or
or or mean "minus one". "Triat" means
9 natriat or
"thirty". So, the idea is "thirty minus
eknnatriat
one=29".

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Cardinals: 30-49
Twenty more numbers:

3

triat --
0

"Eka" (one) is not transformed

3
ekatriat into "ek" as previously in
1
"ekdaan" (eleven)

"Dvi" (two) is transformed into

3
dvtriat "dv" when added to "triat"
2
(thirty)

"Tri" (three) is firstly

3

trayastriat transformed into "traya", and
3
then into "trayas"

3 "Catur" is transformed into

catustriat
4 "catus"

3 "Paca" and not "pacan" is to

pacatriat
5 be used in compounds

"a()" and not "a" is the

3

atriat special form to be used
6
generally in compounds

"Sapta" and not "saptan" is

3

saptatriat the special form to be used in
7
compounds

"Aa", the special form of

3 "aan" (eight), which is used
atriat
8 in compounds, is changed into
"a"

3
or navatriat or The words "ekona = eka +
9 or or ekonacatvriat or na"; "na" and "eknna =
nacatvriat or ekn + na" mean "minus
 one". "Catvriat" means
eknnacatvriat "forty". So, the idea is "forty
minus one=39".

4
catvriat --
0

"Eka" is not transformed into

4
ekacatvriat "ek" as previously in
1
"ekdaan" (eleven)

"Dvi" (two) is transformed into

4
dvcatvriat "dv" when added to
2
"catvriat" (forty)

"Tri" (three) is "optionally"

4 trayacatvriat or
or transformed into "traya", and
3 tricatvriat
then into "traya"

4 "Catur" is transformed into

catucatvriat
4 "catu"

4 "Paca" and not "pacan" is to

pacacatvriat
5 be used in compounds

"a()" and not "a" is the

4
acatvriat special form to be used
6
generally in compounds

"Sapta" and not "saptan" is

4
saptacatvriat the special form to be used in
7
compounds

"Aa", the special form of

4 or acatvriat or "aan" (eight), which is used

8 aacatvriat in compounds, is "optionally"

changed into "a"

The words "ekona = eka +

navacatvriat or na"; "na" and "eknna =
or
4 ekonapacat or ekn + na" mean "minus
or or
9 napacat or one". "Pacat" means

eknnapacat "fifty". So, the idea is "fifty
minus one=49".

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Cardinals: 50-69
Let us keep learning Sanskrit Numbers:
 5
pacat --
0

"Eka" (one) is not transformed into

5
ekapacat "ek" as previously in "ekdaan"
1
(eleven)

"Dvi" (two) is optionally transformed

5 dvpacat or
or into "dv" when added to
2 dvipacat
"pacat" (fifty)

5 or trayapacat or "Tr" (three) is optionally

3 tripacat transformed into "traya"

5
catupacat "Catur" is transformed into "catu"
4

5 "Paca" and not "pacan" is to be

pacapacat
5 used in compounds

"a()" and not "a" is the special

5
apacat form to be used generally in
6
compounds

"Sapta" and not "saptan" is the

5
saptapacat special form to be used in
7
compounds

"Aa", the special form of "aan"

5 or apacat or
(eight), which is used in compounds,
8 aapacat
is "optionally" changed into "a"

The words "ekona = eka + na";

navapacat or
"na" and "eknna = ekn + na"
5 or ekonaai or
mean "minus one". "ai" means
9 or or naai or
"sixty". So, the idea is "sixty minus
eknnaai
one=59".

6
a --
0

6 "Eka" is not transformed into "ek"

ekaai
1 as previously in "ekdaan" (eleven)

"Dvi" (two) is optionally transformed

6
or dvai or dviai into "dv" when added to "ai"
2
(sixty)

6 trayaai or "Tr" (three) is optionally

or
3 triai transformed into "traya"

6 catuai "Catur" is transformed into "catu"

 4

6 "Paca" and not "pacan" is to be

pacaai
5 used in compounds

"a()" and not "a" is the special

6
aai form to be used generally in
6
compounds

"Sapta" and not "saptan" is the

6
saptaai special form to be used in
7
compounds

"Aa", the special form of "aan"

6 aai or
or (eight), which is used in compounds,
8 aaai
is "optionally" changed into "a"

The words "ekona = eka + na";

navaai or
"na" and "eknna = ekn + na"
6 or or ekonasaptati or
mean "minus one". "Saptati" means
9 or nasaptati or
"seventy". So, the idea is "seventy
eknnasaptati
minus one=69".

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Cardinals: 70-99
Thirty more numbers up to 99:

7
saptati --
0

"Eka" (one) is not transformed into

7
ekasaptati "ek" as previously in "ekdaan"
1
(eleven)

"Dvi" (two) is optionally

7 dvsaptati or
or transformed into "dv" when
2 dvisaptati
added to "saptati" (seventy)

"Tr" (three) is optionally

7 trayassaptati or
or transformed into "traya", and
3 trisaptati
then into "trayas"

7
catussaptati "Catur" is transformed into "catus"
4

7 "Paca" and not "pacan" is to be

pacasaptati
5 used in compounds

7 asaptati "a()" and not "a" is the

 special form to be used generally
6
in compounds

"Sapta" and not "saptan" is the

7
saptasaptati special form to be used in
7
compounds

"Aa", the special form of "aan"

7 asaptati or (eight), which is used in
or
8 aasaptati compounds, is "optionally"
changed into "a"

The words "ekona = eka + na";

navasaptati or
"na" and "eknna = ekn + na"
7 or or ekonti or
mean "minus one". "Ati" means
9 or nti or
"eighty". So, the idea is "eighty
eknnti
minus one=79".

8
ati --
0

"Eka" is not transformed into

8 "ek" as previously in "ekdaan"
ekti
1 (eleven). "Eka" + "ati" =
"ekiti".

"Dvi" (two) is not transformed into

8
dvyati "dv", but "dvy" when added to
2
"ati" (eighty)

"Tr" (three) is not transformed

8
tryati into "traya", but "try" when
3
added to "ati" (eighty)

8
caturati --
4

"Paca" and not "pacan" is to be

8
pacti used in compounds. "Paca" +
5
"ati" = "pacti".

"a()" and not "a" is the

8
aati special form to be used generally
6
in compounds

"Sapta" and not "saptan" is the

8 special form to be used in
saptti
7 compounds. "Sapta" + "ati" =
"saptti".

8 ati "Aa" --the special form of

 "aan" (eight), which is used in
8
compounds-- + "ati" = "ati".

The words "ekona = eka + na";

nvti or
or "na" and "eknna = ekn + na"
8 ekonanavati or
or or mean "minus one". "Navati"
9 nanavati or
means "ninety". So, the idea is
eknnanavati
"ninety minus one=89".

9
navati --
0

"Eka" (one) is not transformed into

9
ekanavati "ek" as previously in "ekdaan"
1
(eleven)

"Dvi" (two) is optionally

9 dvnavati or
or transformed into "dv" when
2 dvinavati
added to "navati" (ninety)

"Tr" (three) is optionally

9 trayonavati or
or transformed into "traya", and
3 trinavati
then into "trayo".

9
caturnavati --
4

9 "Paca" and not "pacan" is to be

pacanavati
5 used in compounds

"a()" and not "a" is the

9 special form to be used generally
aavati
6 in compounds. "a()" must be
transformed into "a" here.

"Sapta" and not "saptan" is the

9
saptanavati special form to be used in
7
compounds

"Aa", the special form of "aan"

9 anavati or (eight), which is used in
or
8 aanavati compounds, is "optionally"
changed into "a"

The words "ekona = eka + na";

navanavati or
"na" and "eknna = ekn + na"
9 or ekonaata or
mean "minus one". "ata" means
9 or or naata or
"one hundred". So, the idea is
eknnaata
"one hundred minus one=99".

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