Physical Hazards - noise, vibrations, extreme temperature, illumination, pressure

adverse effects:

acoustic trauma
poor communication
prickly heat
heat fatigue
heat stroke
Hypothermia
frost bite
french foot
inflammation
Carpal Canal syndrome
Tenosynovitis

Chemical Hazards:

skin absorption
ingestion
inhalation
injection
eye contamination

Biologic hazards - virus bacteria fungi insects parasites

infectious disorders sore eyes

skin disorder - URTI
AIDS , STD
TB HEPA A,B,C, E
Chicken pox

Ergonomic hazards - worker-work mismatch, improper tools/equipments, stress at

work, repetitive motion

fatigue
injury
low productivity - loss of man hours

Psycho-social - stress fatigue

Injury
Low productivity
Absenteeism
Costly downtimes

EXCAVATION SAFETY

During operations

* Workers in deep trenches to wear PPEs (hard hats, goggles), safety shoes
*Excavated materials deposited atleast 1meter from edge of trech, boulders to be
removed or stored farther
*Equipment not to be parked near edge of excavation
*Overhanging materials shall be appropriately supported
*Groundwater to be controlled
*Excavation below foundation of adjacent buildings shall be adequately shored.

Fall classifications and Protection system

1. to work surface - surface protection
2. against an object - good housekeeping
3. from moving vehicle/equipment - travel restraint system
4. from stairs, ramps and ladders - fixed barriers
5. from edge of work level - fall arrest system
6. into/through an opening - surface opening protection
7. from one work level to another - fall arrest system