University of Ontario Institute of Technology

Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science

Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering Department
ELEE 4115U: Fundamentals of Smart Grid
Winter 2017

Project Title: Automatic Control of Voltage

Project Description:
Voltage Controlled Buses: These are the buses where generators are connected.
Therefore the power generation in such buses is controlled through a prime mover
while the terminal voltage is controlled through the generator excitation. Keeping
the input power constant through turbine-governor control and keeping the bus
voltage constant using automatic voltage regulator, we can specify constant P and
| V| for these buses. This is why such buses are also referred to as P-V buses. For P-
V buses, bus voltage magnitude equal to the generator voltage setpoint. However, if
the generator hits a reactive power limit, the bus type is switched to a load bus.

Single Generator remote voltage control: For some applications, a single generator
is used as a remote voltage controller. In this case, this generator bus is not treated
as PV bus and it will keep the real power P at constant at a specified value and its
own reactive power becomes a function of the remote voltage.
Load PowerWorld Simulator case Problem 6_46. Using a 100 MVA base, each of
the three transmission lines have an impedance of 0.05 + j0.1 pu. There is a single
180 MW load at bus 3, while bus 2 is a PV bus with generation of 80 MW and a
voltage setpoint of 1.0 pu. Bus 1 is the system slack with a voltage setpoint of 1.0
pu.
To step through the New-Raphson solution, from the Tools Ribbon select Solve,
Single SolutionFull Newton. Ordinarily this selection would perform a complete
Newton-Raphson iteration, stopping only when all the mismatches are less than the
desired tolerance.

ELEE4115U Fundamentals of Smart grid Instructor: Dr. Walid Morsi Ibrahim

Project Tasks:
Load PowerWorld Simulator case Problem 6_46, and solve the following:
1. Solve the power of this case using the NewtonRaphson approach, plot the
reactive power output of the generator at bus 2 as a function of its voltage
setpoint value in 0.005 pu voltage steps over the range between its lower limit
of 50 Mvar and its upper limit of 50 Mvar. To change the generator 2 voltage
set point first select Tools, Play to begin the power flow simulation, and then
click on the up/down arrows on the bus 2 magenta voltage setpoint field.
2. Assume the generator at bus 2 is operating with its reactive power limited to
a maximum of 50 Mvar, solve the power of this case using the Newton
Raphson approach, are you still able to control the voltage of bus 2?
3. Now bus 2 is operating as a remote voltage control bus to keep the voltage of
bus 2 at 0.95 pu. Write a program to automate the search process of reactive
power output of the generator at bus 2 that keeps the voltage at bus 3 at 0.95
pu.
4. Write your findings in a report and attach any relevant code.
Important Dates:
The project final report deadline is Friday March 31 at 4:00 pm, and must be submitted through
Blackboard.
Your group is required to present your project during lecture time on March 31, 2017.

Reference:
Power System Analysis and Design, Fourth Edition, CL-Engineering; by Glover, Sarma and
Overbye, 2007

ELEE4115U Fundamentals of Smart grid Instructor: Dr. Walid Morsi Ibrahim