Submitted by:

Musharaf

Mehran Ali

Kashif Ali

Asad Zaheer

Adeel Hussain

Submitted to:

Maim Asia Saeed

Topic:

Body posture, Body Language and proximity

Bahauddin Zakariya university Multan, sub campus Sahiwal.

Body posture, body language and proximity to audience
Body posture

Posture is basically from where we inter the stage and speech the dise, or when you start your
speech. Posture is a manner of sitting or standing during speech. Adapt our posture to the
audience size. Standing straight and balancing weight on both feet is a good posture. It suggests
poise and confidence. Even the way we approach the stage can impress the audience.

Open and Closed Posture

Two forms of posture have been identified, open and close, which may reflect an individual's
degree of confidence, status or receptivity to another person.

Someone seated in a closed position might have his/her arms folded, legs crossed or be
positioned at a slight angle from the person with whom they are interacting. In an open posture,
you might expect to see someone directly facing you with hands apart on the arms of the chair.
An open posture can be used to communicate openness or interest in someone and a readiness to
listen, whereas the closed posture might imply discomfort or disinterest.

Mirroring

Notice the way a loving couple relate to each other. You might like to observe a close
relationship in person or on television. You will see that the partners postures will match, as if
one partner is a mirror reflection of the other. For example, if one partner drapes an arm over the
back of a chair this might be replicated in the other persons position. If one partner frowns, it
could be reflected in the other partners facial expression. This mirroring indicates interest and
approval between people.

Gesture are movement of body organs such as hands, arms and shoulder etc. we can use our head
and arms to stress, to reject or to describe.

Body language

Body language or kinesics is communication through parts of body communicate include

following aspects.

A) Facial expression

B) Body movement/gesture

C) Voice quality or paralanguage

Facial expression

Facial expression include smile, laugh, frown wink, yawn, eye contact etc. smile or laugh of the
speaker suggests his favorite topic, frowning indicates his anger, worry or boredom. Speakers
eye contact shows interest in the listener.

Body movement/gesture

Body movement is like moving objects, moving of speaker or taking few steps during a
presentation can hold attention and make the audience feel better. Make it possible to hold
attention to get rid of nervousness, to increase emphasis and to suggest transition.

Voice quality or paralanguage

Conveying the nonverbal voice quality enables us to identify voice of different persons. Heavy or
shrill voice tells us who is speaking. Para means extra or additional, paralanguage is extra sounds
during speech as throat cleaning cough and fast or slow speaking etc. paralanguage how we say
something, it include pitch, volume and pronunciation.

Proximity to audience

The study of personal space is called proximity, or the study of space around us or its contents is
called proximity. Every culture has different levels of physical closeness appropriate to different
types of relationship, and individual these distances from the society which they grew up.

These four distances are associated with the four main types of relationship - intimate, personal,
social and public. Each of the distances is divided into two, giving a close phase and a far phase,
making eight divisions in all. It is worth noting that these distances are considered the norm in
Western society.

Intimate Distance:

Intimate distance ranges from close contact (touching) to the 'far' phase of 15-45cm.

In British society, it tends to be seen as an inappropriate distance for public behavior and
entering the intimate space of another person with whom you do not have a close relationship
can be extremely disturbing.

Personal Distance:

The 'far' phase of personal distance is considered to be the most appropriate for people holding a
conversation. At this distance it is easy to see the other person's expressions and eye movements,
as well as their overall body language. Handshaking can occur within the bounds of personal
distance.
Social Distance:

This is the normal distance for impersonal business, for example working together in the same
room or during social gatherings.

Seating is also important; communication is far more likely to be considered as a formal

relationship if the interaction is carried out across a desk. In addition, if the seating arrangements
are such that one person appears to look down on another, an effect of domination may be
created. At a social distance, speech needs to be louder and eye contact remains essential to
communication, otherwise feedback will be reduced and the interaction may end.

Public Distance:

Teachers and public speakers address groups at a public distance. At such distances exaggerated
non-verbal communication is necessary for communication to be effective. Subtle facial
expressions are lost at this distance, so clear hand gestures are often used as a substitute. Larger
head movements are also typical of an experienced public speaker who is aware of changes in
the way body language is perceived at longer distances.