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NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

MATHEMATICS P1

FEBRUARY/MARCH 2010

MEMORANDUM

MARKS: 150

This memorandum consists of 19 pages.

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Mathematics/P1 2 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

QUESTION 1

1.1.1 ( x 3)( x + 5) = 9
x 2 + 2 x 15 = 9 9 expansion

x 2 + 2 x 24 = 0 9 standard form
( x + 6)( x 4) = 0
9 factorisation
x = 4 or x = 6
9 answers
(4)
1.1.2 2 x 3x 2 0
2

9 factors
(2 x + 1)( x 2) 0
1 9 critical values
Critical values : and 2
2

+ 0 0 +
0,5 2
0,5 2

1
x2
2 99 answer
(4)
1.2 y = 2 x 2...................(1) 9 y = 2 x 2
2 x 2 + 8 xy + 42 = y........( 2)
9 substitution
2 x 2 + 8 x(2 x 2) + 42 = 2 x 2
2 x 2 16 x 2 16 x + 42 + 2 x + 2 = 0
9simplification
18 x 2 14 x + 44 = 0
9 x 2 + 7 x 22 = 0
(9 x 11)( x + 2) = 0 9 factors
11
x = or x = 2 9 answers for x
9
11
y = 2 2 y = 2(2) 2
9
40
y = y =2 99 answers for y
9 (7)

OR

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Mathematics/P1 3 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

y = 2 x 2...................(1)
2 x 2 + 8 xy + 42 = y........( 2)

2( x 2 21) 9 equating
y = 2( x + 1) =
1 8x 9 simplification
( x + 1)(1 8 x) = x 2 21
9standard form
x 8 x 2 + 1 8 x = x 2 21
9 x 2 + 7 x 22 = 0 9 factors
(9 x 11)( x + 2) = 0
9 answers for x
11
x = or x = 2
9
11
y = 2 2 y = 2(2) 2
9
99 answers for y
40 (7)
y = y =2
9

OR

y = 2 x 2...................(1)
2 x 2 + 8 xy + 42 = y........( 2)
( y 2)
9 x=
x=
( y 2) 2
2
9 substitution
( y 2 ) ( y 2 )
2

2 + 8 y + 42 y = 0
2 2
y2 + 4y + 4
2 + 4 y ( y 2 ) + 42 y = 0
4 9simplification
y + 4 y + 4 + 8 y + 16 y 84 + 2 y = 0
2 2

9 y 2 + 22 y 80 = 0 9 factors
( y 2)(9 y + 40) = 0
40 9 answers for y
y = 2 or y =
9

11
x = 2 or x =
9 99 answers for x
(7)

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Mathematics/P1 4 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

1.3 g ( x) = x 2
9 g(9) = 81
g (9) = 81
f ( x) = 4 x
9 substitution
f ( g (9)) = f (81) = 4(81)
= 2(9) 9 answer
= 18 (3)

OR
9 g(9) = 92
g (9) = 9 2 9 substitution
9 answer
f ( g (9)) = 2 2.9 2 = 18 (3)

OR
f ( g ( x)) = 4 g ( x)
9
= 4x 2 f ( g ( x)) = 4 g ( x)
= 2x 9 substitution
f ( g (9)) = 2(9)
= 18 9 answer
(3)
1.4 14
63 28
14
= 9 simplification
3 7 2 7
14 7
= 9 simplification
7 7
9 rationalising the
=2 7 denominator

a = 2 and b = 7 9 answer
But 2 7 = 28 (4)
So a = 1 and b = 28 is also a solution.

[22]

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Mathematics/P1 5 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

QUESTION 2
2.1 399 ; 360 ; 323 ; 288 ; 255

39 37 35 33 9 2nd difference
constant
2 2 2
Let Tn = an + bn + c
2
9a=1
Then
2a = 2
9 b+ c = 398
a =1
T1 = 399 : a + b + c = 399 ; b + c = 398 9 2b + c =356
T2 = 360 : 4a + 2b + c = 360 ; 2b + c = 356 9 b = 42
9 c = 440
b = 42
c = 440 (6)
Tn = n 42n + 440
2

OR
2a = 2
a =1
T2 T1 = 39 9 2nd difference
4a + 2b + c a b c = 39 constant
3a + b = 39 9a=1
3 + b = 39 9 3a+ b = 39
b = 42 9 b = 42
a + b + c = 399
9 a + b + c = 399
1 42 + c = 399
c = 440 9 c = 440
Tn = n 42n + 440
2 (6)

OR
2a = 2
9 2nd difference
a =1
constant
399 T0 = 41 9a=1
T0 = 440. 9 399 T0 = 41
But T0 = c 9 c = 440
c = 440
9
Tn = n 2 + bn + 440 399 = 12 + b(1) + 440
399 = 12 + b(1) + 440
399 441 = b 9 b = 42
42 = b
Tn = n 2 42n + 440
OR (6)

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Mathematics/P1 6 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

The sequence is 202 1 ; 192 1 ; 182 1 ; 172 1 ; . 99rewriting terms


T1 = 20 2 = (20 0) 2 1 as squares
999 establishing
T2 = 19 2 = (20 1) 2 1 that
T3 = 18 2 = (20 2) 2 1 Tn = (20 ( n 1)) 2
Tn = (20 (n 1)) 2 1 = (21 n) 2 1 9 Tn = (21 n) 2
(6)

2.2 n 2 42n + 440 = 0 9 equation


(n 22)(n 20) = 0
n = 22 and n = 20
both terms 22 and 20 have values of 0. 99 answers
(3)
OR

(21 n) 2 1 = 0
21 n = 1 or 1 9 equation
n = 20 or n = 22
99 answers
(3)
2.3 (42)
n=
2(1)
9 answer
n = 21 (1)
At the 21st term, the lowest value is obtained.

OR
2n 42 = 0
2n = 42
n = 21
At the 21st term, the lowest value is obtained. 9 answer
(1)
OR

Tn = ( 21 n) 2 1
For n = 21, Tn = ( 21 n) 2 1 = ( 21 21) 2 1 = 1 9 answer
For n = 21, the lowest value (= 1) is obtained. (1)
[10]

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Mathematics/P1 7 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

QUESTION 3

3.1 Let
S n = a + ar + ar 2 + ar 3 + KK + ar n 1 (1) 9 writing S n as a
Then series
r S n = r (a + ar + ar 2 + ar 3 + KK + ar n 1 )
9 writing r.S n as a
= ar + ar + ar 2 + ar 3 + KK + ar n 1 + ar n (2)
series
(2) (1) gives:
rS n S n = ar n a
9 subtracting
S n (r 1) = a(r n 1) 9 removing
a(r n 1) common factors
Sn = (4)
(r 1)

3.2 1
a = 3; r = 1
3 9r=
a 3
S =
1 r
3
= 9 substitution
1
1
3
9 9 answer
=
2 (3)
[7]

QUESTION 4

4.1 Term Income Expenses Savings 9 30 000


1 120 000 90 000 30 000 9 27 000
2 132 000 105 000 27 000 9 24 000
3 144 000 120 000 24 000

30 000 + 27 000 + 24 000 + + 0. 9 series (4)

4.2 Savings = Income Expenses


Income in year n = 120 000 + 12 000(n 1)
Expenses in year n = 90 000 + 15 000(n 1)

120000 + 12000(n 1) = 90000 + 15000(n 1) 99 equating


30000 + 12000n 12000 = 15000n 15000
33000 = 3000n
n = 11 9 answer
After 11 years. (3)
OR
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Mathematics/P1 8 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

a = 30 000 d = 3000 99 equation

Tn = 30000 + (n 1)(3000)
0 = 30000 3000n + 3000
9 answer
3000n = 33000 (3)
n = 11
After 11 years

4.3 120000 + 12000(25 1) = 90000 + x(25 1) 9equating


x = 13250
9 answer
(2)
[9]

QUESTION 5

5.1 y = 1 9 answer
x=3 9 answer
(2)
5.2 2 x 1
+1 y=
03 x3
OR
1 1
= f ( 0) = 9 answer
3 3
1
y-int 0 ;
3
2 9 substitution
x-int: 0= +1 y=0
x3
f ( x) = 0
0 = 2 + ( x 3)
OR x 1 = 0 9 answer
1= x
x =1 (3)
(1 ; 0)

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Mathematics/P1 9 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

5.3 y 9 shape
5 9 asymptotes
9 both intercepts
4 (3)
3

1
x
1
-3 -2 -1 3 1 2 3 4 5 6

-1

-2

-3
[8]

QUESTION 6

6.1 x2 + 7 x + 8 = 0
9=0
x2 7 x 8 = 0
( x 8)( x + 1) = 0 9 factors
x = 8 or x = 1
A( 1 ; 0) 9 answer A
B(8 ; 0) 9 answer B
(4)
6.2 x + 7 x + 8 = 3 x + 24
2 9 equating
x 2 + 10 x 16 = 0 9 standard form
x 10 x + 16 = 0
2

( x 8)( x 2) = 0 9 factors
x = 8 or x = 2
9 answer
x-value of D is 2. (i.e. a = 2 )
(4)
6.3 ST = ( x + 7 x + 8) ( 3 x + 24 )
2 9 subtraction
9 answer
= x 2 + 10 x 16 (2)
6.4 10 9 method
Maximum length of ST is at x = = 5.
2(1)
9 answer
Maximum length of ST is 5 2 + 50 16 = 9 .
(2)

OR
9 method
4(1)(16) 10 2 9 answer
Maximum length of ST is =9
4(1) (2)
[12]

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Mathematics/P1 10 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

QUESTION 7

7.1 y = log3 x 9 answer


(1)
7.2 1
y = f ( x)
y

1
y= f ( x) 9 x-intercept
1
9 shape
1
y= f ( x 2) y = f 1 ( x 2)
x
1 2 3 4 5 9 x-intercept
9 shape
(4)
-1

-2

7.3 2<x<5 99 answer


(2)
[7]

QUESTION 8

8.1
y

4
9 shape
9 x-intercept
3 9 vertical asymptote

(3)
2

x
-90 -60 -30 30 60 90

-1

-2

-3

-4

8.2 x = 60 9 answer
(1)
8.3 tan(30 x ) = tan( x 30) 9 reflection
Reflection about the x-axis 9 x-axis
(2)
[6]
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Mathematics/P1 11 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

QUESTION 9

9.1.1 Total amount = P(1 + in) 9 substitution into


= 55 000(1 + 0,1275(4)) simple interest formula
= 83 050 9 answer
83050 9 48
Monthly instalment =
4 12
= R 1730,21 9 answer (4)
9.1.2 0,2 124 9 substitution into
x 1 1 + formula
12 0,2
55000 = 9i=
0,2 12
12 9 n = 48
x = R 1 673,67 9 answer
a better option because monthly repayments are less. (4)
9.1.3 1673,67 48
= 80336,16 9 80336,16
80336,16 = 55000(1 + 4i ) 9
1,460657455... = 1 + 4i 80336,16 = 55000 (1 + 4i )
i = 0,11516436...
Rate = 11,52%
9 answer
(3)
9.2
80000 =
[
25000 1 (1 + 0,1375) n
] 9 substitution into
0,1375 correct formula
11 9 simplification
= 1 (1 + 0,1375) n
25
14
= (1 + 0,1375) n
25
14 9 taking log of both
log = n log(1,1375) sides
25
n = 4,50054779 9 answer
The money will last for 4 full years (4)

OR

Candidate guesses 4 years.


Then balance available at the end of 4 years (after the 4th 9 guesses 4 years
withdrawal) is
(1 + 0,1375)4 1 99 calculates balance at
80000(1 + 0,1375) 25000 = R11354,86 .
4

0,1375 end of 4th year



th
At the end of the 5 year cannot have grown to R25000. 9 conclusion about
balance.
(4)

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Mathematics/P1 12 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

9.3.1 A = P + ( P i ) n which is a linear function of n. 9 linear


(1)
9.3.2
A
9 P>0

P 9 slope >0
(2)

O n

Accept also:
A

O n

9.3.3 The slope is Pi . Therefore this is the increase for A for each 9 Pi
increase of 1 in n. (1)

OR

A(n + 1) A(n) = [P + Pi (n + 1)] [P + Pi n]


= Pi[(n + 1) n]
= Pi

OR

A(1) A(0) = ( P + Pi ) ( P + 0) = Pi [19]

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Mathematics/P1 13 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

QUESTION 10

10.1 f ( x + h) f ( x )
f ( x) = lim
h0 h
1 1
9 substitution into
= lim x + h x correct formula
h0 h
x ( x + h)
x ( x + h) 9 expansion
= lim
h0 h
h 1
= lim 9 simplification
h 0 x ( x + h) h
1
= lim
h 0 x ( x + h)

1 9 answer
= 2 (4)
x
10.2 y = (2 5 x) 2
9 simplification
y = 4 20 x + 25 x 2
dy 99 answers
= 20 + 50 x
dx (3)

OR

y = (2 5 x) 2
9 simplification
By the chain rule
dy
= (2)(2 5 x)(5) 99 answers
dx (3)
= 20 + 50 x [7]

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Mathematics/P1 14 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

QUESTION 11

11.1 0= x2
x=2
A(2 ; 0) 9 answer
(1)
11.2 f (1) = 0 : a + c = 2 9 a+c = 2
f ( 2) = 0 : 8a 2c = 2 9 8a 2c = 2
9 a =1
a = 1, c = 3
9 c=3
OR

a ( x + 1)( x + 1)( x 2) = 0 9 factors


a (0 + 1)(0 + 1)(0 2) = 2 9 substitution
2a = 2
a =1
9a
f ( x) = ( x 2 + 2 x + 1)( x 2) 9c=3
= x3 3x 2
c=3 (4)
11.3 f ( x) = 0 9 f ( x ) = 0
3x 2 3 = 0 9 x2 1
x2 1 = 0
( x + 1)( x 1) = 0 9 answer
B(1 ; 4) (3)

11.4 x 2 = x 3 3x 2 9 equating f and g


9 standard form
0 = x3 4x
0 = x( x 2 4)
0 = x( x 2)( x + 2) 9 factors
9 x C = 2
xC = 2, y C = (2) 2 3(2) 2 = 4
9 yC = 4
C( 2 ; 4)
4 (4)
mBC =
1 (2) 9m=0
=0 9 conclusion
BC is parallel to the x-axis. (7)

OR

Following from C( 2 ; 4), B and C have the same y coordinate,


viz. 4. So BC is parallel to the x-axis. (7)

OR

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Mathematics/P1 15 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

( x 2) = ( x 2)( x + 1) 2
( x + 1) 2 = 1 for x 2
x +1 = 1
x = 0 or x = 2
(7)
y = 4
11.5 f ( x) = 0 9 f ( x ) = 0
6x = 0
9 answer
x=0
(2)
11.6 k < 4 or k > 0 99 answer
9 or
(3)
11.7 f ( x ) < 0
1 < x < 1 99answer
(2)
OR

3(x 2 1 ) < 0
99answer
if ( x + 1)( x 1) < 0 (2)
1 < x < 1 [22]

This alternative memo must be used for students who follow through using c = 3. This
marking memo must be used independently of the one provided in the existing memorandum.

QUESTION 11
11.1 0=x2
x=2 3 answer
A(2 : 0) (1)
11.2
f ( 1) = 0 ; - a + c = 2 33 f ( 1) = 0 ; - a + c = 2

f ( 2) = 0 ; 8a 2c = 2 33 f (2) = 0 ; 8a 2c = 2
(4)
11.3 f ( x) = x 2 + 3x 2 33 f ( x ) = 0
f ( x) = 0
3 3x 2 + 3 = 0
3x + 3 = 0
2

(3)

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Mathematics/P1 16 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

11.4 If not attempted ( 3 marks)

OR

To calculate C
x 2 = x 3 + 3x 2 3 3 3 x 2 = x 3 + 3x 2
x3 + 2x = 0
3 x3 + 2 x = 0
x( x + 2) = 0
2

x=0 3 x( x 2 + 2) = 0
y = 2
3 x=0

3 y = 2
(7)

11.5 x = 0 ( any method used) 33 answer (2)

11.6 Not Attempted : 0 marks

OR

k>0 333 answer


(3)

11.7 If x > -1, Maximum of 1 Mark


OR
x is between -1 and ( x value ) of B

f ( x) = x 3 + 3x - 2
f ( x) = 3x 2 + 3 < 0 33 f ( x) = 3 x 2 + 3 < 0
(2)
[22]

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Mathematics/P1 17 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

QUESTION 12

12.1 4 x x 9 answer
Length of sides of square = = 1
4 4 (1)
12.2 x = 2r
x x
r= 9 r=
2 2
2 2
4 x x
Areas = +
4 2 9 sum of areas
16 8 x + x 2 x 2
= +
16 4
9 simplification
1 1 1 2
= 1 x + + x
2 16 4 9 simplification

OR (4)

x = 2r
x 9r
r=
2
2 2
x x 9 sum of areas
1 +
4 2
1 x2 x2
1 x + + 9 simplification
2 16 4
1 + 4 2 9 simplification
1 x + x
2 16 (4)

12.3 b
x=
2a
1
99 substitution
= 2
+4

9 answer
2
16 (3)
= 1,76 meter
OR

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Mathematics/P1 18 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

1 +4
9 f ( x) = + x
1 x ( + 4)
2
2 8
f ( x) = 1 x+
2 16 9 f ( x) = 0
1 +4
f ( x) = 0 = + x
2 8
4 = ( + 4) x
4 9 answer
x=
+4 (3)
x = 1,76 m for the circle and 2,24 m for the square [8]

QUESTION 13

13.1 4 x + 2 y 32 y 2 x + 16 9 answer
x 9 answer
2 x + 4 y 36 y + 9 9 answer
2
x + y 10 y x + 10 (3)
13.2 Attached graph 9 y = 2 x + 16
x
9 y = +9
2
9 y = x + 10
9 feasible region
(4)
13.3 P = 60x + 80y 9 answer
(1)
13.4 80 y = 60 x + P
13.4
3 P 9 search line
y = x+
4 480
Maximum profit at (2; 8) 99 (2 ; 8)
Grade 10: 2 learners must be trained to give a maximum profit
Grade 11: 8 learners must be trained to give a maximum profit (3)
13.5 4 4
m= 9m =
3 3
Since the gradient of the new profit function is not equal to the 9 (6 ; 4)
gradient of the initial profit function, the new maximum point is
(6 ; 4) that gives an optimal solution. (2)

[13]

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Mathematics/P1 19 DoE/Feb. March 2010
NSC Memorandum

QUESTION 13.2 & 13.4

y
20

18

16

14
Grade 11 learners

12

10

x
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Grade 10 learners

Copyright reserved

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