COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FEEDING OF OREGANO AND

TAMARIND LEAVES DECOCTION ON THE GROWTH

PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty

Institute of Agriculture

Bulacan Agricultural State College

San Ildefonso, Bulacan

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Animal Science

ROVENNE MARC B. REYES

December, 2016
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Often in a business venture, people go into animal farming, notably poultry

raising. Poultry raising is one of the most progressive animal enterprises in the

Philippines today. It is advisable as it can start from a simple backyard poultry raising.

And because of that, it usually requires less in terms of capital or initial investment.

Poultry meat is an essential source of proteins, minerals and vitamins that

balances human diet. Thus, engaging in this kind of business has higher chance of

success. But, as all others businesses requires, sufficient knowledge, especially in terms

of management, may lead to that success. The first and probably the worst thing that

raisers are trying to avoid ae the diseases that may infect the poultry meats that can be

avoided by proper feeding. That is why proper feeding and medicine is such an important

factors that needs to be considered in poultry farming.

Feed is the biggest expense in the broiler production, approximately 70 85% of

the total production cost. Thus, feed is the one that should be given high importance.

Price of commercial feeds, vitamins and antibiotics is exceedingly high. And it is still

increasing considerably over years. More and more innovations to improve the quality of

commercial feeds has been released into the market which is sometimes local or small

time raisers cannot afford. In lieu to that, researchers try to create a more efficient feeds

that cost less by using alternatives such as vegetables, herbs, spices and other edible

plants as a component of feed that will promote growth to the poultry meat.
 Hence, this study will be conducted to determine the potentials of oregano

and duckweed as feed component.

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to find out the growth performance of the Broiler

with Tamarind or Oregano leaves decoction feeds.

Specifically, the researcher sought to answer the following questions:

1. Which of the following decoction (Oregano and Tamarind) obtained the best gain in

weight and final weight of Cobb broilers?

2. Which among the treatment (Oregano and Tamarind) consumed the least amount yet

the most efficient converter of feeds?

3. Which among the treatment (Oregano and Tamarind) gave the highest farm income and

return on investment?

4. What was the effect of the feeds with the different treatment?

Significance of the Study

Poultry production is one of the most important and a rapidly growing economy

of the Philippines. As to that, ensuring profit through proper nutrition as well as feeding.

But the price of commercial feeds is considerably high as well as the different medicines

that is required so that broilers will grow healthy and therefore produce quality meat.

Combining local feeds with organic medicinal plants that will prevent diseases

may greatly help local raisers as well as the small time farmers to increase their profit

while lessening their capital in terms of feeds.

 This study aims to determine the effect of different feed treatment and may serve

as guide for future research about the effects on the growth performance of Cobb Broilers

using Tamarind or Oregano leaves decoction.

Location of the Study

The study will be conducted at the poultry house of Bulacan Agricultural State

College, San Ildefonso, Bulacan from January 28 to February 24, 2017.

Definition of Terms

Ad libitum feeding. Is defined as allowing the bird to eat all they want anytime.

Bioactive Compounds. Pertains to compounds synthesized by plants to have the

potential to be used by humans for a variety of applications.

Broilers. Refers to young birds usually 5-7 weeks of age of either sex for meat

production.

Brooding. Process of providing the chicks with outside heat to help maintain their

body temperature.

Feed Efficiency. Defined as the ability of certain ration in promoting growth and body

weight and development of animals.

Feed Consumption. The amount of feed consumed by broilers.

Feed Conversion Ratio. Pertains to the total feeds consumed divided by the total

gain in weight of broilers.

Herbal Medicine. Defined as the use of natural herbs and plants for the treatment

or prevention of diseases, disorders and for the promotion of good health.

Nutrient. Pertains to the substance that nourishes the metabolic process of the

body.
 Protein. Is a complex organic compound which upon digestion is broken chiefly

into amino acid which is present in the feed.

Ration. Refers to the daily diet of the animals given in 24 hours period.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Oregano (origanum vulgare), also known as Wild Marjoram, Mountain Mint, Origanum,

Wintersweet, and Winter Marjoram. The distinct characteristic of this plant is its strong

aromatic scent, with leaves and stems that are fleshy. It has a variety of uses from

culinary ingredient to, in some countries like Philippines, herbal medicine. Its anti-

inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, and anti-viral, as well as its being

rich in Vitamins A and C are among to its intensive property.

Duckweed (Lemma minor) is a floating freshwater aquatic plant with one to three

leaves each with a single root hanging in the water, and as the leaves grow, it divides and

became separate individuals. It can be distinguished with its leaves are oval in shape with

three (rarely five) veins with spaces to assist flotation. It also rarely bear flowers. As to its

nutrition property, it is rich in minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, manganese. Zinc,

copper, and Iron. It is also rich in protein and fiber.

Arranz et.al (2010) cited that traditionally, tamarind leaves are used worldwide as

an organic antimicrobial agent. Even said, it is not well accepted by the farmers of Cuba

even though it was found out that multiple varieties of metabolites have been reported

before. Because of this, he suggested that a particular essential oil that was found on T.

indica L. that can be found on Cuban territories could be the source of such microbial

activity. Also, a combination with other variants or with other compounds that was

extracted by other popular remedy preparations can be done to achieve some kind of

synergy, as it could have happened with the hydro alcoholic extracts.

 Frankic, et.al (2009) stated that feeding with herbs and spices does not only

satisfy the appetite of broilers but has an effect also on the physiological functions that

may provide good health and may further improve performance.

Windisch et.al (2008) found out that feeding supplements with growth promoting

additives increase stability and beneficially influence gastrointestinal ecosystem. Due to a

healthier digestive system, toxins and other harmful chemicals are also lessen. Herbs and

spices relieve animals from stress and provides increased absorption of essential nutrients

that provides growth.

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Experimental Design and Layout

Randomized Complete Block Design will use in this study. Three treatments were
use in this experiment, namely: Treatment 1 control, Treatment 2 5% Oregano leaves
decoction, and Treatment 3 5% Tamarind leaves decoction. It will be replicate three
times. A total of ninety straight run broilers were used in this study.

R1T2 R2T3 R3T1

R1T1 R2T2 R3T3

R1T3 R2T1 R3T2

Figure 1. Experimental layout

Reasearch Material

The following materials will be use in this experiment: 90 day old straight run
broilers, commercial feeds, Oregano and duckweed leaves feeding and drinking trough,
weighing scale, cartolina, ballpen, field notebook, brooder house, veterinary drugs,
disinfectant and calculator.

Care and Management

The brooder house is a slatted bamboo floor type of housing. There will be nine
compartments providing at least one square foot per bird in every compartment. Other
accessories and lighting will install in the brooding house and in the rearing pen.
 Before the arrival of the experimental birds the compartments will thoroughly
clean and disinfected together with all the materials and equipment that will be use in this
experiment.

Ninety (90) day old straight run chicks coming from reliable source, will be
randomly distributed to the assigned compartments for the birds with ten birds per
replication.

Upon the arrival of the chicks, they will be place in the brooding pen. Electric bulb
(100 watts) will be use to supply heat and light, empty sacks will be placed on the wall
and old newspaper in the floor to maintain the desire temperature. Fresh and clean
drinking water, antibiotics, vitamins and chick booster ration will be given to the birds
from day-old up to 14 days.

After two weeks they will be transfer in the rearing pen and the initial weight will
be take. On the same day broiler starter mash together with Oregano and Duckweed leaf
will be given to the birds according to the treatments assign.

Equal care and management will be given to all the experimental birds such as
feeding, giving of fresh water, cleaning and medication. The difference is the
supplementation of Oregano leaves to treat birds in Treatment 2 and Duckweed leaves to
Treatment 3.

Preparation and Feeding of Oregano and Tamarind leaves decoction

Matured Oregano and Tamarind leaves will be gathered and wash thoroughly. It
will be boiled for 8-10 minutes at a ratio of 25 grams of tamarind leaves to 300 ml water.

Data Gathering

The different data gather will be follow:

Initial weight. Two weeks after brooding, initial will be taken and record.
 Weekly gain in weight. One week after the initial weight will be taken and record
the birds will be weigh again to get the weekly gain in weight and weekly thereafter up to
the end of the study.

Final weight. It was take on the 28th day of the study.

Weekly feed consumption. The feed consume by the birds per replication were
weigh and recorded at the start of the study until termination.

Statistical Analysis

The data gather were treat statistically using the variance (ANOVA) for Randomize
Complete Block Design (RCBD).