Case Study

On
Chronic Kidney Disease
probably to 2
Hypertension

Submitted by:
BSN IV 2017

Introduction
 Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal
disease, is a progressive loss of renal function over a period of
months or years. The symptoms of worsening kidney function are
unspecific, and might include feeling generally unwell and
experiencing a reduced appetite. Often, chronic kidney disease is
diagnosed as a result of screening of people known to be at risk of
kidney problems, such as those with high blood pressure or
diabetes and those with a blood relative with chronic kidney
disease. Chronic kidney disease may also be identified when it
leads to one of its recognized complications, such as
cardiovascular disease, anemia or pericarditis.

Chronic kidney disease is identified by a blood test for

creatinine. Higher levels of creatinine indicate a falling glomerular
filtration rate (rate at which the kidneys filter blood) and as a
result a decreased capability of the kidneys to excrete waste
products. Creatinine levels may be normal in the early stages of
CKD, and the condition is discovered if urinalysis (testing of a
urine sample) shows that the kidney is allowing the loss of protein
or red blood cells into the urine. To fully investigate the underlying
cause of kidney damage, various forms of medical imaging, blood
tests and often renal biopsy (removing a small sample of kidney
tissue) are employed to find out if there is a reversible cause for
the kidney malfunction.[1] Recent professional guidelines classify
the severity of chronic kidney disease in five stages, with stage 1
being the mildest and usually causing few symptoms and stage 5
being a severe illness with poor life expectancy if untreated.
Stage 5 CKD is also called established chronic kidney disease and
is synonymous with the now outdated terms end-stage renal
disease (ESRD), chronic kidney failure (CKF) or chronic renal
failure (CRF).
 There is no specific treatment unequivocally shown to slow
the worsening of chronic kidney disease. If there is an underlying
cause to CKD, such as vasculitis, this may be treated directly with
treatments aimed to slow the damage. In more advanced stages,
treatments may be required for anemia and bone disease. Severe
CKD requires one of the forms of renal replacement therapy; this
may be a form of dialysis, but ideally constitutes a kidney
transplant.

Objectives

General Objective:

The purpose of this study is to provide deeper

theoretical and practical knowledge and information about chronic
kidney disease.

Specific Objective:

1. To provide information on the related causes of chronic

kidney diseases

2. To provide information regarding postpartum care for

patients who had the similar illness of chronic kidney
disease
3. To provide a framework of study regarding the subject that
can serve as the foundation of future studies and research
 Patient Data Profile
Demographic Data
Name: Mr. B. A
Age: 53 y/o
Sex: male
Civil Status: Married
Religion: Roman Catholic
Birth Place: Manila
Birth Date : September 13, 1933

Admission Data
Date and Time of Admission: January,10 2017
Attending Physician: Dr. Erasmo
Admission Diagnosis: Chronic Kidney Disease probably 2 to
hypertension

Pathophysiology
 Secondary Hypertension

Arteriosclerotic lesions of the afferent and efferent

arterioles

Falling glomerular filtration rate

Decrease capability of the kidneys to excrete waste

products

Due to hypertension, there are lesion to the afferent and efferent

arterioles decreasing the effectiveness of the filtration of blood in
the glomerular that leads to the decrease capability of the kidney
to properly excrete waste products
 Discharge Planning

M- Medication
Instructed to complied strictly with the following home
medications

E- Exercise
Encourage mild exercise

T- Treatment
Advice patient to avoid stress related factors

H Health teachings
Encourage deep breathing exercise
Adequate bed rest

O- Out patient
Informed client to follow up check up
Emphasize the need to be present in medical
procedures schedule

D- Diet
Maintain on low salt low fat diet
Limit fluid intake