Research

Research is a systematic process in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including

knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new
applications.

Steps in conducting research

Identification of research problem

Literature review

Specifying the purpose of research

Determine specific research questions

Specification of a Conceptual framework - Usually a set of hypotheses

Choice of a methodology (for data collection)

Data collection

Analyzing and interpreting the data

Reporting and evaluating research

Communicating the research findings and, possibly, recommendations

Types of research

1- According to areas:
a) Education - Educational research refers to a variety of methods, in which
individuals evaluate different aspects of education including: student learning,
teaching methods, teacher training, and classroom dynamics
b) Social science - research conducted by social scientists using variety of methods in
order to analyze a wide range of social phenomena;
 c) Medicine - research conducted to help and support the development of knowledge in
the medical field.
d) Economic
e) Management
f) Financial
2- According to methodology
a) Qualitative -This type of research methods involves describing in details specific
situation using research tools like interviews, surveys, and Observations.
b) Quantitative- This type of research methods requires quantifiable data involving
numerical and statistical explanations.
c) Pragmatics we use quantitative and qualitative methodology
3- Specific
a) Action research - Action research is either research initiated to solve an immediate
problem or a reflective process of progressive problem solving led by individuals
working with others in teams or as part of a "community of practice" to improve the
way they address issues and solve problems. There are two types of action research:
participatory action research and practical action research.
b) Participatory - Participatory action research (PAR) is an approach to research in
communities that emphasizes participation and action. It seeks to understand the
world by trying to change it, collaboratively and following reflection. PAR
emphasizes collective inquiry and experimentation grounded in experience and
social history.
c) Applied - Applied research is a form of systematic inquiry involving the practical
application of science. It accesses and uses some part of the research communities'
(the academia's) accumulated theories, knowledge, methods, and techniques, for a
specific, often state-, business-, or client-driven purpose.
d) Clinical - Clinical research is a branch of healthcare science that determines the
safety and effectiveness of medications, devices, diagnostic products and treatment
regimens intended for human use. These may be used for prevention, treatment,
diagnosis or for relieving symptoms of a disease.
e) Observation - observational research (or field research) is a social research
technique that involves the direct observation of phenomena in their natural setting.
f) Case study - case study is a research method involving an up-close, in-depth, and
detailed examination of a subject of study (the case), as well as its related contextual
conditions.
 g) Ethics - Research ethics involves the application of fundamental ethical principles
to a variety of topics involving research, including scientific research.
The research problem has the following characteristics:

- Specific
- Time framed
- Have quantity
- Have locality
- Answers at more than one problem

Research

Chapter 1: Introduction

1- Topic from general to specific

2- Objectives / aims
- Aims is about what hope to do to general intention in the projects
- Objective are the steps you will use to solve aims.
3- Background
- Theories language, acquisition, teaching/learning, multimedia.
- what has been alone concerning the topic previously
4- Justification
5- Research questions what is it that you want to find out.
6- Hypotheses - A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a
phenomenon
7- Chronology

Chapter 2 related literature

Theories

Milestone

Other people work

Chapter 3 methodology

Research
Sample
Data collection