1) Introduction to ERP :

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING Is usually referred to as a category of

business management software, typically a suite of integrated applications that
an organisation can use to collect, store, manage and interpret data from these
many business activities.

Different ERPS available in the market:

2) What is SAP?
SAP stands for System Application Products using data in data processing. SAP
AG is a German software company that comes under top IT companies in the
world. It develops and maintains ERP softwares. This company was founded in
1972 in Germany. Company is headquartered at Walldorf, Germany. SAP has
developed industry solutions for retail, telecommunication, healthcare and
banking industry. It is a system comprises of a number of fully integrated
modules, which covers virtually every aspect of the business management.

SAP: Three-Tier Architecture:

Need of SAP:
3) Various modules involved in SAP at real time level (or) integration of
modules in SAP?

SAP Modules:

Logistics
Accounting
Human resource
Cross applications

Logistics:

Sales and distribution

Material management
Production planning

Accounting:

Financial accounting
Controlling
Asset management

Human Resource:
 Quality management
Plant maintenance
Human resources

Cross applications:

Project system
Work flow
Industry solutions

4) How SAP FI involved in the business?

Financial Accounting (FI): An important core module, designed for meeting all
the accounting and financial needs of an organisation. Within this module
financial managers as well as other managers within your business can review
the financial position of the company in real time.
The real time functionality of the SAP modules allows for better decision
making and strategic planning. The FI module integrates with other SAP
modules such as MM, PP, SD, and PM.

The FI module also integrates with HR which includes personnel management,

Time management, Travel management, Payroll.

5) Who are consultant & End user?

SAP consultant role is to build the system, changes & modification/ updating
in currently installed SAP system for the end users.

SAP End user only uses the SAP system just to fetch some info, or to create
new thing. So an end user is just using the final product which it is meant for
and consultnat design the product/updation and modification.

6) What is the Role of an ABPER & BASIS consultant in the

implementation and support level?

Role of an ABPER:

Implementation process
Getting the business Requirement document from functional consultant /
functional analyst.
Analyze the business Requirement.
Analyze the estimated time for development.
Development of Object (ABAP application).
Unit Testing by Developer.
Releasing the object to test environment.
Prepare technical document of the development.
Support Process

Receiving tickets/issues from business.

Analyzing the ticket.
Resolving the issue in time.
 Developer unit testing and transporting.
7) Role of a BASIS Consultant
Starting & Stopping R/3 System.

SAP User Administration.

Daily Monitoring Tasks.

Spooling and Printing.

Background Processing.

R/3 System Landscape.

Client Administration.

Backup & Restore.

R/3 Administrative Task.

SAP R/3 installation and router Installation.

8) What is FSCM?

SAP Financial Supply Chain Management (FIN-FSCM):

It optimizes the financial and information flows within a company and between
business partners. SAP Financial Supply Chain Management contains the
following components:

SAP Treasury and Risk Management (FIN-FSCM-TRM): It is a series of

solutions that are geared towards analyzing and optimizing business processes
in the finance area of a company.

SAP Biller Direct (FIN-FSCM-BD): Application for electronic issue of bills

and payment.

SAP Cash and Liquidity Management (FIN-FSCM-CLM) Application for

managing liquidity items.
SAP Collections Management (FIN-FSCM-COL) :Application for proactive
receivables management.

SAP Credit Management (FIN-FSCM-CR): Application for supporting and

automating credit decisions.

SAP Dispute Management (FIN-FSCM-DM):Application for efficient

processing of receivables-related dispute cases

SAP In-House Cash (FIN-FSCM-IHC) Application for optimizing payment

transactions within and outside of the group

9) What is the method or soft ware used to communicate regarding the

business issues?

Ticket Handling

10) What is the software that SAP provides to communicate regarding the
business issues?

Solution manager

11) How does the payment made to VENDOR in business process

Can be done automatically or manually

Post outgoing payment vs. Payment program

Elements of the payment transaction

o Payment method

o Bank from which they get paid

o Items to be paid

o Calculate payment amount

o Print payment medium

Process will create a financial document to record the transaction.

 Amount owed is paid to
BANK vendor and account payable
is reduced.

BANK A/C VENDOR

Payable A/C

DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT

CREDIT

100 100

12) How dose AR department receive payment in SAP business process?

Can be done automatically or manually

Post outgoing receipts vs. Receipt program

Elements of the Receipt transaction

o Receipt method

o Bank from which they get Received

o Items to be Received

o Calculate Receipt amount

o *Print Receipt medium

Process will create a financial document to record the transaction.

13) What is client in SAP?

A client is a logical portion of an SAP R/3 physical database. From a business

standpoint, a client can be interpreted as a logical group of companies

Client is the highest organizational unit in SAP. Its a subdivision of the system,
enabling separate independent organizations to use SAP System installation.

14) What is SAP Landscape?

Landscape is like a server system or like a layout of the servers or some may
even call it the architecture of the servers viz. SAP is divided into three
different landscapes DEVLOPMENT, QUALITY ASSURANCE and
PRDUCTION.

DEV would have multiple clients for ex: 190- Sandbox, 100- Golden, 180
Unit Test.
QAS may again have multiple clients for ex: 300- Integration Test, 700 to 710
Training.
PRD may have something like a 200 Production.

DEVELOPMEN: is where the consultants do the customization as per the

companys requirement.
QUALITY: is where the core team members and other members test the
customization.
PRODUCTION: is where the live data of the company is recorded

15) What is difference between IDES & non IDES?

IDES (Internet Demonstration and Evaluation System) for the purpose of
training and learning purpose. Ides versions are supports multiple languages
(Total 68 Languages). Ides versions are used in Institutes, training purpose.

NON-IDES (Non Internet Demonstration and Evaluation System) for the

purpose of training and learning purpose. Non-Ides supports only few languages
(English, German, Dutch, and Chinese). Non-Ides Versions are used in
Organizations.

16) What TMS in SAP?

Transport Management System Is used to move, manage, control, copy

development objects and customizing settings in an orderly fashion across SAP
systems in a landscape through pre-defined transport routes (RFC Connections).
The transport process basically consists of exporting of objects out of the source
SAP system and importing them into the target SAP system/s.

17) What are the projects involved in SAP?

 SAP Implementation Projects.

SAP Support & Maintenance Projects.

SAP Migration

SAP Rollout Projects

18) What are the phases involved in implementation/ASAP?

To implement SAP projects Accelerated SAP methodology is used to sought out

the technicality. Accelerated SAP is the part of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC) which is used to plan the SAP projects. It would be really
difficult to handle SAP projects without planning them appropriately. ASAP
methodology is divided into five main Phases to implement the plan which
offers the complete guide for documentation, recommendation and
implementation.

Phase 1: which helps to set the right goal of ASAP to prepare or plan the
project. In this phase the procedure is divided into three steps which are, know
the implementation scope, make a team into three basic parts which are core,
project management and the consultants and the third step is to define the
sequence of the project.

Phase 2:

The next phase is to examine business blueprints to collect the necessary

information for the project implementation. Blueprints are actually the
documents containing business details, which are used to process the goals and
objects while examining business requirement.

Phase 3:

This is realization phase in which team member are ready to configure the SAP
project. It is divided into two parts, first one is base line configuration in which
major scope of their project is set and the second is named as final configuration
in which the remaining scope in configured.

Phase 4:
It is final preparation of the project to go live. In this phase every critical issue
is resolved to bring out the fine project. Final preparation of the project ensure
that the project is ready for the implementation over SAP system

Phase 5:

This is the last phase of ASAP methodology in which the project is ready to go
live. This phase moves from the pre production planning to live production.

19) Explain about each method or system in SAP projects?

SAP Implementation Projects.

SAP Support & Maintain Projects.

- Implementation errors will be rectified in Support

SAP Migration & Support Projects

- SAP Upgrade Or Migration means upgrading the software with a latest

version which has got more advantages (i.e. Bugs fixed compared to previous
version)

SAP Rollout Projects

-Rollout exactly means, expanding the business after Implementation. An

Organization which is started in one country, expanding their services to other
countries, follows Rollout.

20) What is Master DATA?

Master data -Data that is created centrally and it is valid for all
applications. It remains constant over the time but we need to update it on
regular basis.

For Example: Vendor is a type of master data that is used for creating
purchase orders or contracts.

Client level:
General Data
 o Address
o Vendor number
o Preferred communication

Company code data

Company code data
o Reconciliation account
o Terms of payment Financial accounting (FI)
o Bank account

Purchase org data

Purchasing Data Material
o Purchasing currency
management (MM)
o Salesmans name
o Vendor partners

21) What are the sub components in FSCM?

SAP Financial Supply Chain Management (FIN-FSCM)

SAP Treasury and Risk Management (FIN-FSCM-TRM)
SAP Biller Direct (FIN-FSCM-BD)
SAP Cash and Liquidity Management (FIN-FSCM-CLM)
SAP Collections Management (FIN-FSCM-COL)
SAP Credit Management (FIN-FSCM-CR)
SAP Dispute Management (FIN-FSCM-DM)
SAP In-House Cash (FIN-FSCM-IHC)

22) What is purchase order?

A purchase order is a formal request to a vendor for a specific material service

under the stated conditions

Purchase order can be created manually

Reference purchase order

Reference a purchase requisition
Reference a Quotation
Without reference

Purchase order can be created automatically

Purchase order structure:

 Header

Vendor Date
Purchase order Doc. No
currency

Item overview

Materials

Quantity

23) What is the difference R1, R2& R3?

SAP R/1: is 1-tier architecture. In which all 3 layers

[Presentation + Application + Database] are installed in one systems/server.
(Server One Presentation + Application + Database)
SAP R/2: is 2-tier architecture. In which all 3 layers
[Presentation + Application + Database] are installed in two separate
systems/server.
(Server One Presentation, Server Two Application +Database)

SAP R/3: is 3-tier architecture. In which all 3 layers

[Presentation + Application + Database] are installed in three separate
systems/server.
(Server One -Presentation, server Two Application, Server Three
Database)
24) What is Transaction code?

Transaction code field to navigate the user directly to the screen or program task
by passing the SAP menu. This is the preferred method of using SAP because
navigating the menus is time consuming and you need to know where to look in
the menus. However the user must know the Transaction code.

Some T-codes:

T CODE PARTICULARS
OX15 Creation of Company
OX02 Creation of Company Code
OX16 Assign Company Code to Company
OX03 Creation of Business Areas
OB13 Creation of Chart of Accounts
OB62 Assign Company Code to Chart of Accounts
OBD4 Define Account Groups
OB53 Define Retained Earnings Account
OBBO Define Posting Period Variant
OBBP Assign Company Code to Posting Period Variant

25) SAP navigation?

SAP navigations including the screens, menus, transaction codes, and

buttons that you will use frequently.

It contains Command field/Bar and other Standard Toolbar buttons.

 Command field is used to enter the Transaction codes that direct to a
system task.

26) SAP SPRO prominence and usage?

SPRO stands for SAP Project Reference Object. It is used to configure the
setting as per your client requirement by using the standard setting present in
the system. This where you can do all the SAP configuration work.

Also, the same is found out merely by searching on the web and SAP Help
portal.

SPRO is used for making necessary customizing in the system for the KDS -
Key data structure and Configurations.

Like for Example - Your vendor master is a master data but in vendor master the
payment term is a KDS key data structure, so if you want to add a new payment
term then you will have to execute the T code SPRO and then navigate to the
option of creating a new payment term and define there.

27)What is SAP MENU path imprtance?

SAP Menu path: Indicates the path of the transaction.

Ex: SAP Menu >Tools >Customizing > IMG > SAP SPRO - Execute ...
Menu path for IMG: Implementation management guide (IMG) menu used for
customisation settings fr al modules in SAP R/3: Transaction code SAP SPRO
(SAP Project reference object is used to configure the system as per the client
requirement.

28)Explain the concept of customer purchase requisition process?

A purchase requisition is a document used as part of the accounting process to

initiate a merchandise or supply purchase. By processing a purchase requisition,
appropriate controls can monitor the legitimacy of a purchase, as well as
identify the business need for the products.

In the normal course of business, many supplies or pieces of equipment are

needed. The purchases may be for products needed for business operations, such
as office supplies, manufacturing, or printing needs. Purchase requisitions can
also be used for inventory purchases or manufacturing supplies to create
products for re-sale. Purchase requisitions are very common within government
agencies as they will issue a requisition to authorize purchases and
expenditures.

Steps involved in customer purchase requisition process :

1. A need is identified

2. The necessary information is collected

3. A decision on the purchase is made

4. The purchase requisition is compared to the invoice and issued

29) Give a brief description of SAP FI involvement in business with its

submodules involved in it?

Financial Accounting (FI): An important core module, designed for meeting all
the accounting and financial needs of an organisation. Within this module
financial managers as well as other managers within your business can review
the financial position of the company in real time.

Accounts Receivable and Payable (AR / AP)

It includes the details of amount that is paid by the customer and the amount
that is paid by company to the vendors. In other words, AP includes all the
vendor transactions and AR includes all the customer transactions.

General Ledger

A General Ledger contains all the transaction details of a company. It acts as

the primary record to maintain all accounting details. Common general ledger
entries are customer transactions, purchases from vendors, and internal
company transactions.

Finance Accounting Asset Accounting

Asset Accounting deals with all the fixed asset of the company and provides all
the transaction details about fixed assets. The asset accounting module of
Finance Accounting works closely with other modules like SAP MM, SAP
Plant Management, EWM, etc.
Finance Accounting Bank Accounting

It deals with all the transactions done through bank. It includes all the incoming
and outgoing transactions performed, balance management and bank
transaction master data.

30) Describe the SAP module with respect to the department

SAP Modules:

Logistics
Accounting
Human resource
Cross applications

Logistics:

Sales and distribution

Material management
Production planning

Accounting:

Financial accounting
Controlling
Asset management

Human Resource:

Quality management
Plant maintenance
Human resources

Cross applications:

Project system
Work flow

Industry solutions

31) What is AS IS methodology?

AS IS study is nothing but studying client legacy system business process and
preparing documentation.
Taking into account the defined process scope of the calibration phase, the
purpose of the AS-IS analysis is to understand the current situation and any
weaknesses within the processes, as well as to develop first solution ideas.

The basis for the analysis is the high-level process map of the calibration phase.
The selected processes will be analyzed in detail, using a standardized analysis
approach

32) What is TO-BE Methodology?

TO BE - is a document you create on how legacy system business

process will be mapped in SAP system.
As-Is study means studying the business process of the client. The SAP
consultant goes to the client's place and gets this document.
Once the As is document is ready the consultant based on the client's
requirement prepares the To-Be document which means how the business
of the client must be. This whole process takes place in the Second phase
of ASAP which is the Blueprint Phase.

33) Consulting process in the as is methodology?