OBJECTS AND CLASS CONCEPTS

-MOHD ADNAN
OBJECTS

Real world entities are known as objects

Eg: chair, fan, bike, pen, keyboard, etc

An object has 2 characteristics:

1. States: represents data (value) of an object.

2. Behaviour: represents the behaviour
(functionality) of an object
OBJECT (CONTD.)

OBJECT: PEN

State: Colour: Black, Name: Parker, Ink Color:Blue

Behaviour: writing
OBJECT (CONTD)

OBJECT: DOG

STATE: name, colour, breed

BEHAVIOUR: barking, fetching, sleeping, running

CLASS

Class is a group of objects that has common

properties

It is a blueprint from which objects are created

A class can have a number of objects

CLASS (CONTD)

It is a structure to hold variables & methods
together

A class in java can contain:

data member

method

constructor

block

class and interface

CLASS (CONTD)

SYNTAX TO DECLARE A CLASS:
class <class_name>
{
data member;
method;
}
CREATION OF OBJECT
EXAMPLE OF OBJECT AND CLASS
class Student1{
int id; //data member (also instance variable)
String name;//data member(also instance variable)

public static void main(String args[]){

Student1 s1=new Student1();//creating an object o
f Student1
System.out.println(s1.id);
System.out.println(s1.name);
}
}

INSTANCE VARIABLE: A variable that is created
inside the class but outside the method, is known as
instance variable.

METHOD IN JAVA: In java, a method is like function

i.e. used to expose behaviour of an object.
Advantage of Method

Code Reusability

Code Optimization

new keyword

The new keyword is used to allocate memory at
runtime.
ACCESS MODIFIERS

Access Modifier Class or member can be

referenced by
public methods of the same class, and
methods of other classes
private methods of the same class only

protected methods of the same class, methods

of subclasses, and methods of
classes in the same package
No access modifier methods in the same package only
(package access)
RULES FOR STATIC AND NON-STATIC METHODS

static Non-static
Method Method
Access instance variables? no yes

Access static class variables? yes yes

Call static class methods? yes yes

Call non-static instance no yes

methods?
Use the object reference this? no yes
FINAL FIELD

A field can be declared final

Both class and instance variables (static and non-
static fields) may be declared final.

Effectively final declares the variable to be
constant

private final int PERFECT_SCORE = 100

JAVA PACKAGE

A java package is a group of similar types of
classes, interfaces and sub-packages.