UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES

USEP Tagum-Mabini Campus

Department of Agricultural Engineering

FISHERY SCIENCE 1
Principles of Fishery Science

Name: Jenny T. Villanueva BSAE 4E

Define/describe the following terms:

1. Acclimatization is the process in which an individual organism adjusts to a

gradual change in its environment (such a change in temperature, humidity,
photoperiod, or pH), allowing it to maintain performance across a range of
environmental conditions.
2. Algaculture is a form of aquaculture involving the farming of species of algae.
The majority of algae that are intentionally cultivated fall into the category of
microalgae (also referred to as phytoplankton, microphytes, or planktonic algae).
3. Anadromous - fish that live their adult lives in the ocean but migrate up fresh
water rivers to spawn. Examples are Pacific salmon.
4. Aquaponics a system of aquaculture in which the waste produced by farmed fish
or other aquatic animals supplies nutrients for plants grown hydroponically, which in
turn purity the water.
5. Aquatic polyculture is the practice of culturing more than one species of aquatic
organism in the same pond.
6. Artificial reefs a human-made underwater structure, typically built to promote
marine life in areas with a generally featureless bottom, to control erosion, block
ship passage, r improve surfing.
7. Bearers fish that retain the eggs inside the body and give birth to live, free-
swimming young.
8. Brackish water water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much
as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries.
9. Bycatch is described as fish and other marine life that are incidentally caught
while fishing for the target species. By catch is generally discarded dead while at
sea and can include sea birds, turtles, marine mammals, juveniles of the target
species, or targeted fish from other fisheries. Reduction of by catch is an ongoing
effort in many fisheries and is a common criteria in wild seafood sustainability
ratings and criteria in assessing the overall sustainability evaluation.
10.Capture fisheries refers to all kinds of harvesting of naturally occurring living
resources in both marine and freshwater environments. On a broad level, capture
fisheries can be classified as industrial, small-scale/artisanal and recreational.
11.Catadromous species are species spawn at sea and then their young migrate
to fresh or brackish water to grow and mature, e.g. American eel; opposite of
anadromous.
12.Catch-at-age is used to provide estimates of absolute abundance, recruitment,
fishing mortality for many fisheries.
13.Coastal ecosystem are areas in which land and water are joined to create an
environmental with different structure, assortment and flow of energy. Coastal
ecosystems are threatened by human growth as well as environmental
phenomenon. With these dangers comes displacement of wildlife.
14.Commercial fisheries is an umbrella term covering fisheries resources and the
whole process of catching and marketing fish, mollusks and crustaceans. It includes
the fishermen and their boats, and all activities and resources involved in
harvesting, processing, and selling.
15.Compressiform a body shape of a fish designed for making quick turns and quick
burst of speed over short distances.
16.Coral reef a ridge of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of coral
17.Crablets a young crab.
18.Depressiform body shapes allows fish to rest on the bottom and hide either
using camouflage or by covering themselves with a layer of sand.
19.Estuaries a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or
streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Healthy
estuaries can have high rates of biological productivity.
20.Eutrophication an increase in chemical nutrients typically compounds
containing nitrogen or phosphorus in an ecosystem. Eutrophication in water often
results in an increase in algae growth and decay, which can lead to decreased levels
of oxygen and fish populations.
21.Exclusive Economic Zone a sea zone under the law of the sea over which a
state has special rights to the exploration and use of marine resources. Generally a
state's EEZ extends to a distance of 200 nautical miles (370 km) out from its coast.
22.Fingerlings Fish less than one year old. Also refers to juvenile.
23.Fish cage a system that confines a fish or shellfish in a mesh enclosure. It has a
completely rigid frame and a net pen has a rigid frame only around the top.
24.Fish curing refers to fish which has been cured by subjecting to it fermentation,
pickling, smoking, or some combination of these before it is eaten.
25.Fisheries The taking or removal of one or more species of fish from an aquatic
environment using a type of fishing technology (gear) by one or more fishers, with
the primary focus being on the human aspects of fishing and the resulting activities
involved.
26.Fishpond is an aquaculture facility, either natural or man-made, with differing
impacts on the environment based on how the discharge from the pond is handled.
Many catfish, carp and tilapia are produced in ponds.
27.Ichthyology branch of zoology that deals with fishes.
28.Hypophysation the practice of injecting fish with substances derived from the
pituitary gland for the purpose of inducing reproduction (such as ovulation) when
conditions are not favorable for successful natural spawning in ponds.
29.Inland Fisheries group activities that extract fish and other living organisms
from surface waters inland of the coastline.
30.Integrated Aquaculture used to describe the integration of monocultures
through water transfer.
31.Integrated Multi-tropic Aquaculture provides the by-products, including
waste, from one aquatic species as inputs (fertilizers, food) for another.
32.Length-at-age generally applied to length data from the same time period; since
variability in recruitment and survivorship a age will change length composition
over time hence the number of survivor.
33.Limnology the study of the biological, chemical, and physical features of lakes
and other bodies of fresh water.
34.Mackerel a migratory surface-dwelling predator fish, commercially important as a
food fish.
35.Mangroves a tropical tree that has roots which grow from its branches and grows
in swamps or shallow salt water.
36.Mariculture a particular branch of aquaculture where marine organisms are
cultivated in the open ocean or an enclosure of the ocean, or in tanks, ponds or
raceways filled with seawater. Examples are the farming of marine fish, prawns,
oysters and seaweed.
37.Municipal Fisheries fishing within municipal waters using fishing vessels of
three(3) gross tons or less, or fishing nor requiring the use of fishing vessels.
38.Oceanography the branch of earth sciences that studies the ocean, including
marine organisms and ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents and waves; plate
tectonics and the formation of underwater topography; and movements of various
chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its
boundaries.
39.Osmoregulation maintenance of constant osmotic pressure in the fluids of an
organism by the control of water and salt concentration.
40.Oyster Farming is a aquaculture (or mariculture) practice in which oysters are
raised for human consumption.
41.Payao a fish aggregating device consisting of a floating raft or drums anchored
by a weighted line suspended materials such as palm fronds which attract pelagic
and schooling species of fish..
42.Post-Harvest Fisheries culminates all steps, process and/or activities
immediately after catch, handling and transportation, processing and distribution of
fish an fishery products where if control is not applied post-harvest losses will occur.
43.Protandrous having the male reproductive organs come to maturity before the
female.
44.Protogynous having the female reproductive organs come to maturity before the
male.
45.Phytoplankton Microscopic plants suspended in water with little or no capability
for controlling their position in the water mass; frequently referred to as algae. The
various, mostly microscopic, aquatic organisms (plants and animals) that serve as
food for larger aquatic animals.
46.Red Tide discoloration of surface waters, most frequently in coastal zones,
caused by large concentrations of micro-organisms. See harmful algal bloom.
47.Rural aquaculture having the female reproductive organs come to maturity
before the male.
48.Sardines a young pilchard or other young or small herring like fish.
49.Sequential Hermaphroditism type of hermaphroditism that occurs in many
fish, gastropoda and plants.
50.Shoal or sandbar is a somewhat linear landform within or extending into a body of
water, typically composed of sand, silt or small pebbles. Bars can appear in the sea,
in a lake, or in a river.
51.Spawning the production or depositing of large quantities of eggs in water.
52.Species a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile
offspring.
53.Spines a series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the small of the back,
enclosing the spinal cord and providing support for the thorax and abdomen; the
backbone.
54.Stocking Density referred to here, starts with the collection of fingerlings from
the hatchery, transporting them to the farm and finally, putting them into pond.
55.Thallophytes are polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms traditionally
described as thalloid plants, relatively simple plants, or lower plants.
56.Viviparous bringing fort live young that have developed inside the body of the
parent.
57.Zooplankton Minute animals in water, chiefly rotifers and crustaceans that
depend upon water movement to carry them about having only weak capabilities
for movement. They are important prey for young fish.
58. Phreatophytes- are deep-rooted plants that obtain its moisture from the
water table or the layer of soil just above it.
59. Seagrass Beds- provides a protective environment in which young fish can
develop
60. Artisanal Fisheries- are small-scale fisheries for subsistence or local, small
markets, generally using traditional fishing techniques and small boats. They occur
around the world (particularly in developing nations) and are vital to livelihoods and
food security.