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Ramakrishna Bag
Dept of Civil Engineering
NIT Rourkela
Sewage/ Wastewater treatment
Quality and Characteristic of sewage
If untreated sewage is discharged into river stream,
floating solids present may be washed up to shore.
Floating solid will decompose and create foul smell.
Large amount of organic matter consume dissolve
oxygen in water may seriously decrease dissolve oxygen
in river stream.
As a result, fish and other living organisms will die in the
river stream.
Sewage discharge also contaminate the river water with
pathogenic bacteria.
Therefore, municipal sewage require treatment to avoid
contamination.
The type of treatment required depends on
the quality of sewage and its source of
disposal.
The urbanisation, industrial growth,
improved living standard have increased the
contamination and quantity of municipal
sewage.
In order to prevent undue pollution,
advanced treatment of wastewater
(particularly having industrial waste) is
essential.
Decomposition of sewage
Most of the organic matter present in sewage is unstable
and decomposes through chemical as well as biological
actions/ decomposition
Methane forming
Organic acid anaerobic bacteria CO2 + CH4 + Energy
Anaerobic decomposition
Nitrogen, carbon and sulphur cycle
Characteristics of sewage
Physical characteristics
Turbidity: Sewage is normally turbid, resembling dirty dish
wash water, waste water from basin, washrooms, vegetable
and food waste etc. Turbidity is measured using turbidity
meter.
Colour: Fresh sewage is yellowish, grey or light brown. If
the colour of the sewage is dark it indicates septic
(dissolved oxygen present has been consumed) sewage.
Odour: Fresh sewage is usually odourless. However, after
3-4 hours when all oxygen is consumed, it omit foul smell.
Temperature: Temperature influence biological activity of
bacteria. Increase in temperature reduces the dissolve
oxygen content.
Chemical characteristics
Total solid, suspended solids and settleable solids
pH
Cl-, N2+ content
Presence of fats, gases and oils
Sulphides, sulphates and H2S gas
Dissolved oxygen
Chemical oxygen demand (C.O.D)
Bio-chemical oxygen demand (B.O.D)
Total solids, suspended solids and settleable
solids: